Late 1980s To Early 1990s Research Articles

Decentralize! Art, Power, and Space in the New York Art World

Have we witnessed the return of critique in the U.S. art world? Taking the decentralization of art institutions as a tactic of critique, this paper identifies waves of critique in the contemporary art world, with particular attention to New York City in the late 1960s-early 1970s, and the 2010s. Though certain critical aims and strategies have persisted, this period spans an impassable divide: the end of affordable space – for artist studios, galleries, community art centers – in the urban cores of U.S. cities. By attending to changes in the ways artists have withdrawn from, attacked, or engaged with institutional spaces, this article traces the changing definitions of critique and criticality as a function of access to space.

Men’s First Partnership Formation in Four Former State-socialist Countries during the Transition Period

Non-marital cohabitation has become increasingly common in advanced societies, although somewhat less so in Central-Eastern Europe in the period immediately following the fall of state socialism. In this paper we focus on changes in men’s first partnership patterns in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Romania between the 1980s and early 2000s, specifically addressing gender differences with respect to the effects of educational attainment. Data on men and women extracted from the first round of Generations and Gender Programme in these countries are analysed, relying on proportional hazards event history models with piecewise constant baseline intensity for entering a first union (cohabitation or direct marriage – as competing risks). We find a positive educational gradient for marriage formation among men in all countries analysed, but only in Hungary for women. No such gradient is seen for cohabitation among men with the exception of Poland. The popularity of cohabitation increased over time while the trend for marriage entry declined, resulting in non-marital unions replacing marriage as the main form of first partnerships by the late 1990s-early 2000s, except for Romania. Declining marriage trends paralleled by women’s growing educational advantage are likely to be related to the limited (and decreasing) supply of highly educated men as most attractive marriage partners in the region. The main contribution of this study is to fill the knowledge gap on changes in family formation patterns with emphasis on men’s first co-residential unions in Central-Eastern Europe in the period of major societal transition. The results point to the importance of gendered effects of educational attainment with respect to the type of first union formed.

Bill Andersen: Unacknowledged kingmaker

I knew Bill Andersen only for a short period in the late 1960s-early 1970s. The time may have been short, but it could not have been more significant. Over a period of less than five years he was i...

Cytogenetics of Fraxinus mandshurica and F. quadrangulata: ploidy determination and rDNA analysis

Ashes (Fraxinus spp.) are important hardwood tree species in rural, suburban, and urban forests of the eastern USA. Unfortunately, emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis) an invasive insect pest that was accidentally imported from Asia in the late 1980s–early 1990s is destroying them at an alarming rate. All North American ashes are highly susceptible to EAB, although blue ash (F. quadrangulata) may have some inherent attributes that provide it some protection. In contrast Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) is relatively resistant to EAB having coevolved with the insect pest in its native range in Asia. Given its level of resistance, Manchurian ash has been considered for use in interspecies breeding programs designed to transfer resistance to susceptible North American ash species. One prerequisite for successful interspecies breeding is consistency in chromosome ploidy level and number between the candidate species. In the current study, we cytologically determined that both Manchurian ash and blue ash are diploids (2n) and have the same number of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 46). We also characterized these species’ ribosomal gene families (45S and 5S rDNA) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Both Manchurian and blue ash showed two 45S rDNA and one 5S rDNA sites, but blue ash appears to have an additional site of 45S rDNA. The 5S rDNA in both species is colocalized interstitially with one of the 45S rDNA sites. The copy number of these two ribosomal gene families in Manchurian ash were observed to be quite varied, which indicates the species are still undergoing evolutionary homogenization.

Границы нормы и девиации в субкультурном аспекте

Introduction. The article examines the role of youth culture (in particular, counterculture and subculture) in reformatting the modern sociocultural space. As long ago asin the 1970s. the researchers pointed out that young people, showing their active position, change the realities of the socio-cultural space in which their parents lived. The research is based on the materials of the graffiti and street art subculture, as an informal artistic practice. The graffiti subculture emerged among African American teenagers in the 1970s in New York City. The first label that this subculture has been endowed with by society and city authorities is vandalism. However, in the late 1970s early 1980s graffiti is involved in the sphere of the art world institutions activities (private galleries) and becomes in demand among collectors. Street art emerges under its influence. The aim of the study is to reveal due to what characteristics of the socio-cultural space the transition from deviation (vandal practice) to the asserting norm became possible. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of generations by K. Mannheim and his concept of «fresh contact», which indicates the rethinking of the previously assimilated sociocultural experience by the subjects of culture. Another methodological basis is the concept of rhizome, introduced into scientific circulation by the philosophers J. Deleuze and F. Guattari. Scientific novelty of the research. It is shown how the rhizomatic principle of organizing culture is realized during the transition of youth practice from the space of deviant, in accordance with social norms, actions into the institutionalized space of the art world. Results. Using the example of the metamorphosis that the youth subculture of graffiti underwent in the late 20th — early 21st centuries, the author shows how the boundaries between norm and deviation are shifting in modern society. Conclusions. The rhizom principle, clearly manifested in the organization of the space of postmodern culture, allows graffiti and street art to make the above transition. The fall of the great narrative in the art world leads to the loosening of hierarchies and creates an opportunity for the integration of once marginal phenomena into the space of official art. K. Mannheim’s concept of «fresh contact» is effective in the study of postmodern culture.

Hydrochemical Regime of the Kiliya Delta of the Danube River in Retrospective and Modern Conditions: II. Metal Content and Speciation

Past and present data on the concentration and speciation of metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Mo, Ni) in the Kiliya Danube delta have been generalized, and variations in their concentrations have been compared. It has been shown that the highest pollution of the Danube lower reach has occurred from the second half of 1980s to the first half of 1990s due to intensive anthropogenic impact on the river delta ecosystem. Subsequently, decrease of the metal concentration was observed as a result of industrial crisis in the late 1990s–early 2000s. The major part of metals is transferred by water flow in the form of suspended solids, which is related to their relatively high content in water of the Kiliya part of the Danube delta. The results of studying dissolved metal species, in particular the ratio of the labile fraction that is potentially toxic to hydrobionts and complexes with dissolved organic matter, have been discussed. Data on the distribution of metals among complexes with dissolved organic substances of different chemical natures and molecular weights are given. Humic substances have been shown to contribute most to the complexation. Compounds with molecular weights of 1 to 5 and less than 1 kDa constitute the major part of anionic metal complexes with humic substances.

161. Effects of Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) narcotic restrictions on a multidisciplinary spine practice: analysis of patient discharges from the practice during a 10-year period

BACKGROUND CONTEXT In the late 1990s to early 2000s, concern about pain under-treatment resulted in greater numbers of prescriptions for pain medications being written across the United States. After this, according to CDC data, from 1999 to 2017, more than 700,000 people died from a drug overdose with approximately 68% of the more than 70,200 opioid-related overdose deaths in 2017 alone. Government agencies across the country have taken measures to address this alarming trend. An instrumental change occurred on October 6, 2014 when the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) rescheduled hydrocodone combination products from Schedule III to Schedule II to make obtaining narcotics more difficult. PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to investigate the effects of DEA policy changes on patient discharges in a multidisciplinary spine practice. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This study involved a review of patient discharges from a spine specialty clinic due to violations of the medication contract between patients and the clinic. PATIENT SAMPLE The study was based on all patients who were seen at a multisite spine specialty clinic between 2008 and 2018, with no changes in discharge policy during this time. There were a total of 636 patients discharged from the practice during this time. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of patient discharge from the practice. The specific reason for each discharge related to violating the medication contract and/or for noncompliance was recorded. METHODS All patients were required to sign a medication contract noting that abuse of medication subscription policy would result in discharge of the patient from the practice. Patients also agreed to random drug screening to determine compliance with prescribed medication. All patient discharges are reviewed and recorded by the medical administrator of the practice. The number and reasons for discharges were compiled into a monthly summary. Reasons for discharges were recorded as obtaining medication from another provider, diversion, self-medicating/early refills/drug overdose, refusal or alteration of urinalysis sample, altering a prescription, rude/abusive behavior, and noncompliance/failed to show for appointments. The years 2008 through 2013 were combined as the experience prior to the DEA change and 2015 through 2018 were combined as the post-DEA change years. The year 2014 was not included since the change in DEA policy was implemented during that year. The number of discharges occurring during each of the two periods was divided by the number of individual patients seen (counted by individual patients, not patient visits) during the same periods to derive a discharge rate for each reason. RESULTS Before and after the DEA changes, the most frequent reason for medication violation discharge from the practice was obtaining medication from other practitioners. However, the discharge rate for this violation decreased significantly after the DEA change was implemented (0.29% vs 0.02%; p CONCLUSIONS This analysis found that rescheduling of Hydrocodone from Class III to Class II by the DEA was associated with reduced patient discharge rates from a spine specialty practice. Significant decreases in discharges were found for medication-related policy violations, especially obtaining medication from other providers. While these reductions are a positive impact of the DEA policy change, one item that could not be addressed in the current analysis was the potential for increased difficulty for patients legitimately trying to fill prescriptions, for example, postoperative pain management following complex reconstructive spine procedures. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

Climate and Nothofagus pumilio Establishment at Upper Treelines in the Patagonian Andes

Due to its climate sensitivity, the upper treeline offers a unique opportunity to document variations in forest dynamics in response to current climate change. It is generally accepted that the expansion of the upper treeline is limited by cold temperatures. Consequently, warmer conditions in the context of global warming are expected to induce an advance of forests into alpine vegetation. To complement previous studies in the North Patagonia treeline, we conducted a study in the southern Patagonian Andes to: 1) characterize the temporal patterns of Nothofagus pumilio establishment in the upper treeline along a precipitation gradient, 2) establish the relationship between variations in regional climate and tree establishment, and 3) determine the influence of continental and hemispheric-scale climatic forcing on tree establishment at regional scale. At El Chalten-Laguna del Desierto area, the N. pumilio establishment above the upper treelines started at the mid-1970s and reached two peaks in the late 1980s-early 1990s and around the year 2000. Although tree establishment followed similar patterns along the precipitation gradient, we noted some differences between wet and dry forests. Whereas at the wettest sites the largest establishment peak occurred in the most recent, relatively-dry period, tree recruitment was more abundant in the earliest humid period at the driest treelines. Our studies suggest that the location of the N. pumilio upper treeline in the Patagonian Andes is sensitive to changes in climate. The increment in temperature during the past decades has facilitated tree recruitment; however, the rate of seedling establishment appears to be modulated by interactions between the temperature increase and variations in precipitation. The expansion of the upper treeline is mostly limited to 5-10 m from the abrupt treeline suggesting that seed dispersal and winds modulate the rate of spatial advance. While the recent expansion of the upper treeline in northern Patagonia was regulated by temperature and precipitation variations associated with the different phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the climatic variations induced by the positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode during the last decades have facilitated the establishment above the upper treeline in the southern Patagonian Andes.

Central bank intervention, public debt and interest rate target zones

The euro area crisis has been characterized by speculative attacks reflecting the market fear that some high indebted countries could go bankrupt. What is puzzling, however, is that non-euro area countries with an equally large – and in some cases even larger – public debt-to-GDP ratios have not been subject to attacks. This fact, together with the convex non-linear behavior exhibited by interest rates have been explained by observing that euro area countries could not rely on a lender of last resort, and this made possible the occurrence of self-fulfilling speculative attacks.The model proposed in this article applies the target zones methodology relative to exchange rates, developed in the late 1980s–early 1990s, to the case of the interest rate, given that public debt stability will only be assured if the former does not exceed a given upper bound. The novelty of the paper is that, by considering the presence of a public debt demand stochastic shock – that may originate from different sources – it is possible to endogenize the determinants of the credibility of the interest rate target zone and, as a result, of public debt stability, something that in a previous paper, still based on the idea of interest rate target zones, had to be taken exogenously. Public debt stability, then, is shown to depend on the potential liquidity that the central bank can create thanks to its role of lender of last resort. Full/partial credibility is obtained when such liquidity is expected to be sufficient/insufficient to absorb completely the demand shock. The expected absence of liquidity determines the non-credibility of the interest rate target, while the expectation of a public debt increase produces a destabilizing non-credibility determining the convex interest rate non-linearity that characterized the euro area crisis.

Quantitative assessment of a data-limited recreational bonefish fishery using a time-series of fishing guides reports.

Recreational fisheries can be prone to severe declines, yet these fisheries, particularly catch-and-release, are often data-limited, constraining our ability to conduct stock assessments. A combination of catch and effort indices derived from fisheries-dependent data (FDD) gathered from fishing logbooks could be a powerful approach to inform these data gaps. This study demonstrates the utility of using different catch metrics such as indices of abundance, species richness associated with reported catch, and the success rate of targeted trips, to assess historical shifts in the trajectory of the data-limited bonefish (Albula vulpes) fishery in Florida Bay, an economically-important recreational fishery within the Caribbean Basin. We used FDD from fishing guide reports submitted to Everglades National Park to determine temporal patterns in the bonefish population over the past 35 years. These reports indicated a decline in recreational catches in Florida Bay since the late 1980s, with an accelerated decline starting in the late 1990s-early 2000s. Analyses showed an overall 42% reduction in bonefish catches. Trends in the proportion of positive trips (i.e., the probability of catching success) followed the declining catch patterns, suggesting major population changes starting in 1999–2000. As bonefish catches declined, species richness in bonefish trips increased by 34%, suggesting a decrease in bonefish abundance and/or shift in fishing effort (e.g., giving-up time, changes in preferred species). Results provide additional resolution to a pattern of decline for bonefish in South Florida and highlight the value of reconstructing time-series for the development of hypotheses about the potential driving mechanisms of species decline. Further, the data-limited nature of most recreational fisheries, and the increase in a use of catch-and-release as a fisheries management strategy point to the need to develop further data integration tools to assess population trends and the sustainability of these fishery resources.

Sartori’s party system typology and the Italian case: the unanticipated outcome of a polarised pluralism without anti-system parties

ABSTRACTIn this article we discuss Sartori’s party system typology and its eventual applicability to the Italian post-1994 party system. The first part of the article is devoted to an examination of the typology with particular reference to the case of the polarised pluralism which Sartori considered appropriate for the Italian party system until the late 1970s-early 1980s. In the discussion of the typology, particular attention has been attributed to the variable ‘ideology’, suggesting the relevance of the component ‘temperature’ which has been frequently mistreated compared to the other component, the more widely used ‘distance’. The final part of the article deals with a tentative assessment of the pertinence of polarised pluralism to the post-1994 Italian party system.

Corrosion Propagation of Reinforcing Steel in High Performance Concrete

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has been using high performance concrete since the late 1980s early 1990s. Some of the older bridge structures (assuming 1990 as the completion year) are reaching 35 year of age, and depending on the concrete cover thickness (those with thinner covers), and the diffusivity of the concrete, corrosion of the reinforcement might initiate in a few years on some of these structures. The corrosion propagation stage of carbon steel rebar in high performance concrete might last longer than the typically five years usually attributed for carbon steel rebar in concrete with type I/II Portland cement as the only cementitious material. It is well known that reinforcement corrosion typically initiates at a later time on specimens in which the concrete contains supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, silica fume, slag or a combination of these materials when compared to reinforced concrete with no cementitious materials of the same w/cm ratio, cementitious content, and concrete cover. There are some reports[1-2] that indicate that the chloride threshold is lower on concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, particularly for concrete with high fly ash content (i.e., 50%); thus, this needs to be considered when modeling service life. There are several reports[3-4]that indicate that the corrosion rate of carbon steel rebar embedded in high performance concrete is lower when compared to rebar corroding on concrete with no supplementary cementitious materials. This observation in part can be attributed to the higher concrete electrical resistivity for concrete with supplementary cementitious materials when comparing concretes with similar moisture content. It is possible that there are reduced macrocell effects. The higher resistivity is in part due to pore refinement and higher tortuosity that develop with time on concrete structures with supplementary cementitious materials. In this investigation chlorides were driven into reinforced concrete specimens via an electro-migration method, as a way to accelerate chloride transport and allow corrosion to initiate after a short period of time. Mature (samples prepared in 2008) and recently prepared (April/2016) reinforced concrete samples were used in this investigation to gain additional insight on the corrosion propagation stage. The cementitious in the concrete of the older samples: 1) ordinary portland cement (OPC), 2) OPC and 20% fly ash, and 3) OPC, 20% fly ash and 8% silica-fume. Recent concrete samples contained 1) OPC and 50% slag or 2)OPC and 20% fly ash composition. All specimens had a w/cm ratio of .41 and 390 kg/m3 of cementitious material. The older specimens had either a single rebar embedded or four rebars (# 5 rebar/2 inch cover). Recently prepared samples had one rebar (#3 rebar/0.75 inch cover). Solution reservoirs ranged from one inch to 4 inches in length, as a way to vary the anode length. Rebar potential was used to determine if corrosion had initiated. The corrosion propagation was monitored via linear polarization measurements, solution resistance measurements, and rebar potentials. The corrosion propagation monitoring ranged from 300 days to several years. 1. M.D.A. Thomas and J.D. Matthews, “Chloride penetration and reinforcement corrosion in marine-exposed fly ash concretes”. In: Malhotra VM, editor, Third CANMET/ACI International Conference on Concrete in a Marine Environment, ACI SP-164, Detroit: American Concrete Institute; p. 317-38 1996 2. F. Presuel-Moreno, M. Paredes, “16 Years’ Exposure Of Fly Ash And Silica Fume Concretes On Salt Induced Reinforcing Steel Corrosion: Corrosion Potential, Resistivity And Diffusivity”, International Conference in Durability of Concrete, Trondheim, Norway, June 18-21, 2012 (Proceeding published on USB/Electronic form) 3. C Andrade, C Alonso “Test methods for on-site corrosion rate measurement of steel reinforcement in concrete by means of the polarization resistance method” Materials and Structures, v37 p623, 2004 4. W. Morris, A. Vico, M. Vázquez, “Chloride induced corrosion of reinforcing steel evaluated by concrete resistivity measurements” Electrochemica Acta, V 49 pp4447–4453 2004

Dendrochronology in mineral exploration: developing tools to see through anthropogenic impacts

The Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) and its associated mining camp is one of the largest Cu, Ni, PGE ore systems in the world. Due to a long history of mining (>100 years), the SIC has been extensively explored making the discovery of new surface deposits difficult. This study explored the use of dendrochemical analysis as an economic means to locate deposits concealed by overburden. Tree cores combined with soil samples were collected and analyzed from two sites to provide a comparison between a known deposit (Broken Hammer) and a known contamination location (downwind site). Samples were collected from both White Pine (Pinus Strobus) and Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) species, however White Pine proved to have a stronger affinity for the uptake of ore-associated metals (i.e., Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Hg, Cd, Pb, Sb, S). Analyses of tree-core intervals revealed clear anthropogenic effects in the samples from both sites; however, due to the age of the trees the magnitude of these effects compared to pre-mining conditions could not be determined. The concentrations of S, Cu, Ni, Fe, Al, Pb and As in the downwind samples increased over time. On average, S increased from 6.37 to 8.98 ppm, Cu from 0.503 to 0.908 ppm, Ni from 0.605 to 1.18 ppm, Fe from 124 to 273 ppm, Al from 4.38 to 6.60 ppm and As from 0.008 to 0.012 ppm. Conversely, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, Al, S and As in the samples from Broken Hammer decreased over time. Copper decreased from 0.84 to 0.55 ppm, Fe from 2.45 to 1.19 ppm, Ni from 1.02 to 1.18 ppm, Al from 6.81 to 4.96 ppm, S from 7.62 to 7.57 ppm and As from 0.014 to 0.002 ppm. The total Pb concentration decreased over time in all samples from both sites. There were no trends in the Pb isotopic ratios with the exception of the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb. A comparison of the samples from each location revealed unique trends in the distribution of the data, which could suggest two sources. Soil (Ah and B horizon) collected proximal to the sampled trees near Broken Hammer showed the metal concentration increasing with depth. Copper averaged 33.6 – 187.9 ppm, whereas Ni had an even steeper trend, increasing from an average of 22.4 ppm–234.5. Sulphur and Hg also displayed a similar trend, however the difference was not as substantial. The highs and lows in concentration levels in the tree cores correspond to various historical events. During WWII (1939 – 1945), the Korean War (1950 – 1953) and the Vietnam war (1964 – 1973), the demand for Ni increased resulting in increased smelting activities and a spike in contamination levels. Conversely, the recession in the late 1970s early 1980s and the INCO strike in the late 1990s resulted in a decrease in Ni production and a drop in contamination levels. The distribution of metal concentrations at Broken Hammer indicates a lack of surface contamination and therefore a non-contaminated B-horizon. The higher concentrations in the B-horizon are anomalous to other studies in the Sudbury area suggesting a possible subsurface source. This is encouraging and the potential remains to develop a method for mineral exploration applications utilizing tree core samples, even in heavily mining impacted areas like the Sudbury.

Information literacy:

In this article the authors argue that progress in the development of information literacy (IL) has been hindered by tendencies such as: denying that information literacy is even a subject, paying exclusive attention to forces outside the discipline and forming information literacy silos. The authors start by reflecting on formative developments in information literacy outside North America in the late 1990s-early 2000s, and noting that IL has not evolved from that period as much as one might expect. They identify hindrances to information literacy’s formation as a discipline, and relate their discussion to changing notions of disciplinarity. The authors present ‘Information Literacy in the lifecourse’ as an example focus which could stimulate engagement from researchers and practitioners who are currently situated in different information literacy silos. They conclude that taking a disciplinary and lifecourse approach to information literacy would open up opportunities for working in a collegiate way, both within the information literacy community and with those outside it, and provide a more robust foundation for influencing policy.

Europe, the Green Line and the Issue of the Israeli-Palestinian Border: Closing the Gap between Discourse and Practice?

ABSTRACTThe article analyses how the Europeans (meaning European states and the EC/EU) have progressively turned a discourse about the Israeli-Palestinian border into a foreign policy practice. While much of the literature highlights the existence of a ‘gap between discourse and practice’ when it comes to Europeans’ foreign policy stance towards the Arab-Israeli conflict, we argue that the gap is dynamic and has changed across time. In the absence of an internationally and locally recognised border between Israel and Palestine, the Europeans have aimed at constructing one on the 1949 armistice line, the so-called Green Line. They have done so in stages, by first formulating a discursive practice about the need for a border, then establishing economic practices in the late 1980s-early 1990s, and most recently practicing a legal frame of reference for relations with Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA) based on the Green Line. The outcome is that, for what concerns European countries and EU legislation, the Green Line has been increasingly taken as the Israeli-Palestinian border. However, gaps never fully close and more contemporary events seem in fact to point to a re-opening of the gap, as the article explores.

Competition, firm size and returns to skills: Evidence from currency shocks and market liberalisations

AbstractWe investigate the impact of product market competition on returns to skills in Italy using a longitudinal dataset on individual working histories. This impact is identified using three exogenous shocks affecting competition: the unforeseen devaluation of the Lira in 1992, its return to a fixed exchange regime in 1996 and the market liberalisation in the utility and transport sectors in the late 1990s–early 2000s. We analyse how firm heterogeneity and shocks of different types and signs affect the impact of competition on skill premia. We find that opposite shocks have opposite effects: an increase (resp. decrease) in international competition increases (resp. decreases) skill premia. Moreover, international shocks have greater effects on medium sized firms, while domestic liberalisation shocks have greater effects on large incumbents.

Tectonomagmatic controls on arc metallogeny

The fundamental control of plate tectonic processes on ore formation was realised almost as soon as the plate tectonic model was established in the late 1960s–early 1970s. The formation of seafloor...

Making Manding in the concert hall – Jali Pop in Paris

ABSTRACTThis contribution looks at performances of West African musicians in the diaspora in order to find out in which way artists consciously evoke feelings of home and address issues of identity and belonging. Taking as its starting point concerts by Senegambian griots both in the 1990s and in 2015, the article shows the striking continuity of the performance of a Mande and more precisely Mandinka identity. As a contrasting example the article describes how the Senegalese pop star Baaba Maal, not a griot and not a Mandinka, performed to very different audiences in the USA, the Gambia and Germany. The paper compares how he addressed audiences at these concerts and how he addressed continental, regional, national, ethnic, local and other levels of identities. In rereading these and other concerts observed by the author in the late 1990s early 2000s and again recently, the contribution will also argue that in migrants’ liminal life phase of staying abroad, concerts serve as rituals of belonging to a more or less mythical home.

Special Interest Group 2, Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders

You have accessThe ASHA LeaderSIG Spotlight1 Nov 2016Special Interest Group 2, Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders Ellen Bernstein-EllisMA Ellen Bernstein-Ellis Google Scholar More articles by this author , MA https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.SIGS.21112016.np SectionsAbout ToolsAdd to favorites ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In When did you join your SIG—and what made you want to join? I joined SIG 2 early in my career when SIGs were still known as “Special Interest Divisions” and all the Perspectives arrived via snail mail. (Curious as to when that was, I looked in the SIG Volunteer Leadership Handbook to check out the history. They were formed in the late 1980s–early 1990s.) As a new clinician in a VA hospital setting, I remember being excited and grateful to have access to relevant, current articles authored by leading researchers and clinicians. I felt it was an important way to keep learning post-graduate school. Many years later, it’s still a valuable and affordable source of CEUs. How has your involvement with the SIG helped you in your career? In terms of benefit to my own professional education, reading the latest information about critical issues in neurogenic communication disorders certainly has informed my clinical choices and better prepared me in my clinical work. There was a period when I had very limited journal access outside the ASHA publications. The SIG publications felt like a lifeline to current literature during that time. Now, the online community is another welcome source of information and exchange. In terms of the benefit of being a SIG volunteer, I have met some wonderful colleagues and developed a far better understanding of the resources available through ASHA, like the Practice Portal and Evidence Maps. It’s given me a personal connection to ASHA. How do you carve out time to volunteer with the SIG while working in your full-time job and balancing other commitments? What advice would you give to someone who’d like to get more involved in the SIG, including how you get support from your supervisor/institution? With most of the SIG’s Professional Development Committee [PDC] interactions taking place via email, volunteering flexes easily to fit my time schedule—and it’s a very manageable commitment. Let your supervisor know that your involvement will increase your exposure to ASHA resources, which in turn will benefit what you bring back to your job! Reach out to someone you recognize on the SIG 2 leadership list to learn more. Or contact Erin Mattingly, our friendly and knowledgeable professional development manager, who is always receptive to interest in the SIG. What upcoming events related to or sponsored by your SIG should everyone know about? Chats, conferences or convention events? At every ASHA conference, the SIG 2–sponsored ASHA presentations are often among my favorites. I’ve enjoyed the ideas and resources from the web chats—both live and archived versions. It’s great to be able to quickly view all the topics. What is your favorite recent Perspectives article, and why? I have been thinking a lot about outcomes measurement in aphasia, so I really appreciated the excellent set of articles in the June 2015 issue. I also really like the group of articles about aphasia treatment in the June 2014 issue. From that issue specifically, I have repeatedly recommended Lisa Edmonds’ article, “Tutorial for Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST): Detailed Description of the Treatment Protocol with Corresponding Theoretical Rationale,” to students, and just this week I’ve been discussing Jacqueline Hinckley’s “Facilitating Life Participation in Severe Aphasia with Limited Treatment Time,” with several colleagues. Her description of how to make sure that assessment leads to meaningful patient-centered goals has really made me rethink how I approach my evaluations. Author Notes Ellen Bernstein-Ellis, MA, is the director of the Aphasia Treatment Program at California State University, East Bay. She is an affiliate of and served on the Professional Development Committee of ASHA Special Interest Group 2, Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, from 2013 to 2016. [email protected] Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Additional Resources FiguresSourcesRelatedDetails Volume 21Issue 11November 2016 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in print: Nov 1, 2016 Metrics Current downloads: 189 Topicsleader_do_tagasha-article-typesleader-topicsCopyright & Permissions© 2016 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...

GENERALIZATIONS OF OPTIMAL GROWTH THEORY: STOCHASTIC MODELS, MATHEMATICS, AND METASYNTHESIS

In previous papers [Spear and Young (2014, 2015)], we surveyed the origins, evolution, and dissemination of optimal growth, two-sector and turnpike models up to the early 1970s. Regarding subsequent developments in growth theory, a number of prominent observers, such as Fischer (1988), Stern (1991), and McCallum (1996), maintained that after significant progress in the 1950s and 1960s, economic growth theory “received relatively little attention for almost two decades” [Fischer (1988, p. 329)], and that “by the late 1960s early 1970s, research on the theory of growth more or less stopped” [Stern (1991, p. 259)]. Stern went on to say “the latter half of the 1980s saw a rekindling of growth theory, particularly in the work of Romer . . . and Lucas” (1991, p. 259), that is to say, in the form of “endogenous growth” models. McCallum, for his part, wrote (1996, p. 41), “After a long period of quiescence, growth economics has in the last decade (1986–1995) become an extremely active area of research.” Moreover, Brock and Mirman's (1972b) paper was the sole “extension” of Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans to a “stochastic environment” mentioned by McCallum (1996, 49).