Photobiomodulation (PBM) with low-level laser therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to accelerate wound repair. This study evaluated the wound-healing potential of a 532 nm green laser, alone and combined with povidone-iodine, in Wistar rats. Six male rats were assigned to three groups: povidone-iodine only, laser only, and combined treatment. Full-thickness excisional wounds (1.5 × 1.5 cm2) were created and treated with three 5 min laser exposures at 15 min intervals. Wound closure was assessed on Days 1, 4, 7, 11, and 14, and histology was performed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. By Day 14, wound contraction reached 75% in the combined group, 70% in the laser group, and 65% in the povidone-iodine group. Histology confirmed superior re-epithelialization, denser granulation tissue, and greater collagen deposition with combination therapy. These findings indicate that 532 nm green laser PBM, particularly with povidone-iodine, significantly accelerates wound healing and offers potential as an adjunctive clinical therapy.

The gas-phase structures of capped phenylated polyalanine peptides, Ac-Ala-Ala-Phe-Ala-NH2 (AAFA) and Ac-Ala-Ala-Phe-Ala-Ala-NH2 (AAFAA), were investigated using conformer-selective IR-UV ion dip spectroscopy employing the IR light of the FELIX free electron laser. IR absorption spectra were measured in the wide 300-1900 cm-1 range and additionally in the 3200-3600 cm-1 region, complemented by extensive quantum-chemical calculations. The AAFA peptide was found to adopt a single dominant conformer with a β-hairpin structure stabilized by four hydrogen bonds, whose predicted spectrum closely matches the experimental data. In contrast, no conformer of AAFAA matches the experimental spectrum, despite generating over 200,000 conformers across multiple search strategies, suggesting that the true structure was not found. Additionally, computations of the molecules with and without the phenyl group reveal an induced alteration of the conformational landscape.

Laser light as a novel postharvest strategy to suppress chlorophyll degradation and oxidative stress in pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis)

Dynamic simulation of the helium cryo-plant for the test facility of Shanghai High repletion rate X-ray free electron laser and Extreme Light

VISUALIZING THE DIFFRACTOMETRY. This classroom-oriented study goes beyond simple visualization by directly comparing laser diffractometry and light microscopy measurements to quantify micron-scale spacings in commercial CDs/DVDs (compact disc/digital versatile disc) and electron-microscopy grids. Diffraction angles from reflection (CD/DVD) and transmission (grids) patterns were captured using a digital camera. We systematically validate the diffractometry results with microscopy, teaching the scientific principle of cross-validation. Furthermore, by employing grids with square, rectangular, and hexagonal symmetries, we provide a tangible introduction to symmetry and reciprocal space, demonstrating the inverse relationship between grating spacing and diffraction pattern scale. Designed for educational settings, these experiments use affordable materials to teach core principles of diffraction with applications in material science and chemistry.

The progress in preparation techniques of semiconducting thin film is a fundamental aspect of present-day electronics, addressing the increasing need for high-efficiency and cost-effective optoelectronic devices. The CdS-porous silicon (PSi) heterostructure has drawn significant attention for advanced technological and industrial applications, such as solar cells and photodetectors. Nevertheless, conventional chemical bath deposition (CBD) commonly produces CdS films with limited crystallinity, high defect density, and non-uniform morphology, which reduce device performance. Therefore, developing a simple, cost-effective technique to improve the structural quality of CdS without modifying the chemical route is highly desirable. This study presents a method that uses green diode laser illumination to improve the quality of the CdS films prepared by the CBD process. X-ray diffraction XRD investigations of the CdS film prepared with laser illumination reveal improved crystallinity compared with the as-deposited CdS film. Optical absorption measurements show that the optical energy gap of the CdS film increases from 2.38 eV to 2.61 eV when laser illumination is employed during film deposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies confirm a reduction in the agglomeration of CdS particles when subjected to laser illumination, with the CdS particles being effectively incorporated inside the pores of PSi. The CdS-embedded PSi photodetector shows an increase in responsivity from 1.9 to 4.5 A W−1 at 480 nm when laser illumination is applied during deposition. Additionally, the rise and fall times of the photodetector fabricated with laser illumination are 159 ms and 208 ms, respectively. The results indicate improved spectral response and external quantum efficiency (EQE), enhanced detection capability, and reduced noise equivalent power (NEP), signifying greater device sensitivity to laser light.

Novel alumina heat sink structure for enhanced thermal management of phosphor-in-glass film enabling high saturation threshold in high-brightness laser lighting

Static high-power and high-brightness reflective laser lighting based on an AlN substrate with ZnO composite in a high-reflectivity TiO2 layer

Optical field modulation and its mechanism of YAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite phosphor ceramic in high-power laser lighting

Origins of heat and luminous saturation in LuAG:Ce thin films for high-power laser lighting

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a hybrid imaging modality that captures ultrasound signals produced by thermoelastic expansion when pulsed laser light is absorbed by optical absorbers, enabling visualization of biological tissues at greater depths than those of conventional fluorescence imaging. While PAI has been conventionally used for biological, structural, and morphological studies, showing promise for imaging calcium dynamics in cardiac tissue, its practical implementation remains undemonstrated. In this study, we implemented a sectional excitation strategy using a thin, sheet-shaped laser beam to confine optical excitation to defined tissue planes. We applied this approach to photoacoustic imaging of a perfused bullfrog heart loaded with liposome-encapsulated calcium-sensitive dye. We successfully achieved real-time visualization of calcium dynamics within the atrial cross-section, while simultaneous electrocardiographic recordings enabled temporal correlation between photoacoustic signal fluctuations and cardiac electrical activity. This method provides a less-invasive approach to assess calcium transients in deep tissue, and broadens the application of PAI from morphology to physiological function. These findings highlight the potential of this optical-acoustic hybrid modality as a powerful tool for calcium imaging in physiological and pharmacological studies involving deep-tissue organs-particularly in applications such as heart imaging, where conventional optical techniques are limited by shallow penetration depth.

Enhanced light amplification and electroluminescence performance based on molybdenum trioxide quantum dots

Counterfeiting in the manufacturing and publishing industries poses serious threats, including brand damage, financial losses, compromised quality, and infringement of intellectual property rights. Although existing anticounterfeiting technologies like RFID tags, QR codes, holograms, and blockchain offer protection, increasingly advanced counterfeiting methods challenge their effectiveness. Adhesives, despite being essential in manufacturing and bookbinding for their bonding and durability properties, remain underexplored as anticounterfeiting tools. This study presents a novel approach by developing glue formulations embedded with multilevel security markers for real-world applications. Hot melt adhesives are integrated with infrared (IR) emissive and up-conversion green phosphors, offering covert yet verifiable security features while maintaining the adhesive's key functional properties, including melting point, viscosity, and bonding strength. Under a 980 nm laser light, the secure adhesive exhibits greenish-yellow and red emissions, when viewed without and with a 610 nm band-pass filter, in addition to IR emission at 1020 nm under a 340 nm UV light, detectable by IR cameras or readers. The multisecure glue shows bright green and pink emissions upon a 980 nm illumination along with IR signals similar to the secure adhesive. These hidden yet easily verifiable features provide a promising, tamper-resistant solution to counterfeiting, particularly for book authenticity, enabling discrete verification by authorized users while remaining undetectable to counterfeiters.

A sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SASER) is a device that produces acoustic radiation.[22] It concentrates sound waves for use as quick and accurate information carriers in a number of applications, just like laser light does. Acoustic radiation, or sound waves, can be produced via the stimulated emission of phonons, which is the basis for the sound amplification process.Since sound or lattice vibration may be described by a phonon, just like light can be conceived of as photons, one could argue that SASER is the acoustic equivalent of the laser. In a SASER device, sound waves which are lattice vibrations, phonons travel through an active medium after being generated by a source such as an electric field functioning as a pump.[22]

A strontium vapor laser is a type of metal-vapor laser that uses strontium atoms in a high-temperature vapor as the lasing medium. A strontium vapor laser is a pulsed laser that emits light in the visible and near-infrared regions. Like other metal-vapor lasers e.g., copper vapor lasers, it relies on electron transitions in neutral or ionized metal atoms to produce laser light.

2025 is the year UNESCO selected to celebrate 100 years of this novel science, quantum mechanics, based on Heisenberg’s “uncertainty principle” discovery. However, quantum mechanics began with the discovery of quantum packets of energy emission formulated by the German physicist Max Planck, and it incorporated additional discoveries and principles from Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Heisenberg, Pauli, de Broglie, and many others in the early 1900s. Since then, many advancements and breakthroughs have been made. Such scientific contributions have influenced the culture and technology of humanity from the 20th century onwards, with the first quantum revolutions bringing innovations in technology and engineering, including the omnipresent light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (Laser), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microprocessor manufacturing and design for computers and nuclear energy. Thus, at the beginning of the Second Quantum Revolution in the 21st century, amid a new wave of novel quantum technologies promising to create the 5th Industrial Revolution and transform humanity, a brief history of these marvellous sciences is condensed, connecting the wonders of the new quantum technogenesis that is being forged, linking its past with classical mechanics and also with novel relativistic mechanics. Understanding these developments highlights the significance of quantum technologies shaping our future and what lies ahead for us. This article explores technologies that are presently under research and development (R&D) in the quantum physics realm, including quantum computing, quantum cryptography, quantum sensing and metrology, and quantum simulation. It also discusses emerging careers in the quantum field and the unresolved mysteries that continue to challenge scientists. The discussion follows the ancient griot tradition of storytelling, a method that the distinguished physicist, great professor, and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman encouraged us to use to explain complex scientific ideas.

Intensity modulation of frequency-specific optoacoustic stimulation at the peripheral hearing level.

Magnifying endoscopy with blue laser imaging (ME-BLI) is a novel image-enhanced endoscopic technique utilizing a laser light source optimized for narrow-band observation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ME-BLI in diagnosing early gastric neoplastic lesions. From July 2022 to June 2024, 288 patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University were enrolled. All participants underwent conventional white-light endoscopy followed by ME-BLI examination and targeted biopsy. Pathological results identified 21 cases as early gastric cancer (GC) and 67 as non-early GC. Comparative analysis revealed that the presence of a demarcation line (DL), irregular microvessels (MV), and irregular microsurface structure (MS) was significantly more frequent in the early GC group than in the non-early GC group (all P < .001). The combination of DL, MV, and MS demonstrated high diagnostic performance for early GC, with an area under the curve of 0.875. In conclusion, ME-BLI is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of early GC, and the combined assessment of DL, MV, and MS provides an objective, user-friendly, and reproducible approach.

Abstract InGaN power converters, which can absorb near-ultraviolet light with a low attenuation coefficient in water, are expected to be used for underwater optical wireless power transmission. To improve photovoltaic conversion efficiency under high-power near-ultraviolet laser illumination, we fabricated InGaN converter cells with Pd/Pt electrodes, grown on a GaN substrate instead of a sapphire substrate. We investigated the dependence of laser power, temperature, and laser wavelength. As a result, the InGaN converter cell showed a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 26.4% under 394 nm laser light (16 mW/cm2) at 25°C and 20.2% under 395 nm laser light (3.15 W/cm2) at 80°C. To further improve the efficiency of InGaN converter cells under high-power laser irradiation, it was found that three key issues must be overcome: reducing the dislocation density, lowering the electrical resistivity of the surface layer, and increasing the thickness of the optical absorption layer.

Metal halide perovskites are promising laser light sources due to their exceptional optical gain and solution processability. Structuring the cavity that determines lasing mode and performance, however, is mostly limited to chemical synthesis or in-plane multistep lithographic processes, which lead to high shaping rigidity or poor lasing performance. Here, we introduce a direct electrohydrodynamic three-dimensional printing that produces freestanding, high-performance inorganic perovskite submicro lasers with tailored dimensions and locations, assisted by crystal engineering. The printed vertical nanowires exhibit excellent crystallinity after vapor-phase solvent engineering. Therefore, they show a high-performance two-photon pumped Fabry-Pérot mode vertical lasing with a threshold of 2.98 μJ cm-2, and our on-demand printing method provides the simplest route to tune the lasing characteristics such as lasing threshold and mode spacing, by adjusting the printed nanowire length. We demonstrated that the length-dependent lasing in the printed arrays can configure multilevel anticounterfeiting labels. We expect this additive manufacturing approach combined with crystal engineering to improve the design flexibility and performance of microphotonic circuitries.