Large Yellow Research Articles

CHANGES IN LIPID CONTENT WITH ROASTING TEMPERATURE OF LARGE YELLOW CROAKER (LARIMICHTHYS CROCEA) ROE

This study aims to clarify the changes with roasting temperature in the lipid content of ready-to-eat large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) roe product. Almost all the lipid class/species showed the same trend with the increasing temperature. Except for some minor differences, the relative amounts of lipids decreased with temperature increase from 0°C (control group, raw roe) to 100°C; increased with further temperature increase to 120°C, at which the amount was maximum; and then decreased with further temperature increase to 180°C. Finally, 120°C was selected as the optimal processing temperature, which may result in a better appearance and a high lipid quality, indicating its potential application value. This study also enhances the understanding of lipid profile in fish roe and demonstrates the applicability of the lipidomic method in aquatic food production.

Phenotypic and Genetic Parameter Estimation for Growth Traits in Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Heritabilities, as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations, were estimated for body weights (BW), body lengths (BL) and body heights (BH) in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. By crossing the Mindong and Daiqu strain, 60 fullsib families (offspring of 32 males and 60 females) were generated and reared separately. Environmental conditions of each family were standardised, and the body traits were recorded at six months of age. Heritabilities for the body traits were medium to high: 0.31 ± 0.06 for BW, 0.33 ± 0.06 for BL and 0.41 ± 0.07 for BH. The correlations among the three growth traits were positive and high in all cases, with the phenotypic correlations ranging from 0.84 to 0.91 and the genetic correlations ranging from 0.74 to 0.95. The results indicate that the growth traits of juvenile large yellow croaker could be improved efficiently by selection in a future breeding program.

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a piscidin gene in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea).

The piscidin family, which includes potent antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum activity, plays an important role in the innate immune system of fish. In this study, we cloned piscidin-5-like type 3 (Lcpis5lt3) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Multiple alignments with other known piscidins revealed amino acid conservation throughout the fish, especially at the signal peptide (22 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree confirmed that Lcpis5lt3 and large yellow croaker piscidin-5-like proteins were grouped together to form a branch. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Lcpis5lt3 was expressed in a wide range of tissues, including the brain, muscle, gill, head kidney, intestine, kidney, liver, and spleen. The highest mRNA expression level of Lcpis5lt3 was found in the spleen. After Vibrio alginolyticus infection, mRNA expression was rapidly upregulated in the liver, head kidney, gill, kidney, and intestine at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post infection (hpi), whereas there were no significant changes in the spleen. The antimicrobial spectrum showed that the synthetic mature peptide of Lcpis5lt3 exhibited different activity in vitro against various bacteria, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, survival rates from the in vivo assay indicated that the synthetic peptide of Lcpis5lt3 increased the survival rate of large yellow croaker after V. alginolyticus challenge, resulting in a decline in bacterial burden and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These data suggest that Lcpis5lt3 plays an important role in innate immunity in large yellow croaker and might represent a potential therapeutic agent against pathogen invasion.

Research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015.

Chinese scientists have made significant achievements in the field of animal genetics in 2015. Incomplete statistics show that among all the publications of 2015 involving nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), fly (Drosophila melanogaster), zebrafish (Danio rerio), African clawed frog (Xenopus) or mice (Mus musculus), about 1/5 publications are from China. Many innovative studies were published in high-impact international academic journals by Chinese scientists, including the identification of a putative magnetic receptor MagR, the genetic basis for the regulation of wing polyphenism in the insect brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) modification in the Drosophila genome, a novel molecular mechanism regarding the dendritic spine pruning and maturation in the mammals, the mechanism for the CREB coactivator CRTC2 in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, the control of systemic inflammation by neurotransmitter dopamine, the role of Gasdermin protein family in triggering pyroptosis, a parvalbumin-positive excitatory visual pathway to trigger fear responses in mice, etc. Chinese scientists have also made important contributions in genome editing via TALEN or CRISPR/Cas system. According to incomplete statistics, more than 1/5 of the publications related to genome editing in 2015 are from China, where a variety of animals with different approaches were targeted, ranging from the worm to primates. Particularly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes was successfully achieved for the first time. China has been one of the leading countries in genome sequencing in recent years, and Chinese scientists reported the sequence and annotation of the genomes of several important animal species in 2015, including goose (Anser cygnoides), Schlegel's Japanese Gecko (Gekko japonicus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and pig (Sus scrofa). They further analyzed the genome-wide genetic basis of the species-specific physiological and pathological characteristics as well as their adaptation to environmental conditions. In this review, we make a first attempt to summarize the research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015, with an emphasis on the achievements led by Chinese scientists and carried out in Chinese institutions. We will briefly discuss the significance of their research and contributions of Chinese scientists in animal genetics.

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acids on the growth and quality of large yellow croaker fish Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson) in cages.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in artificial feeds on the growth and quality of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) raised in cages. Two diet formulas with dietary CLA were developed, and a diet without of CLA served as a control. The effects of CLA (2% and 4%) on average daily gain per tail (DGT), feed conversion ratio (FCR), muscle lipid, and lean body mass (LBM) for a 60-day period were evaluated. The results from two independent experiments revealed that diets with 4% CLA significantly improved DGT and FCR (p<0.05). Muscle lipid significantly reduced as increase of CLA content in diets (p<0.01), correspondingly, the LBM significantly increased (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that CLA supplemental diet could be used to improve growth and quality of large yellow croaker raised in cages.

Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XIX. New species of Palicourea (Psychotrieae) from Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela

Abstract Eight new South American species of Palicourea are described and illustrated: P. crystallina from north-central Peru differs from P. loxensis from Ecuador, also described herein, by its longer calyx limbs, 1.2–2.5 mm long, with the lobes often unequal in length; P. cutucuana from southern Ecuador differs from P. angustifolia in its broader leaves and inflorescences and larger corollas; P. gelsemiiflora of northern Peru is distinguished by its pedicels 11–20 mm long, calyx limbs 7–11 mm long, relatively large yellow corollas with tubes 32–33 mm long, relatively large fruits 12–13 mm long, and pyrenes with an unusual spongy wall; P. gemmiflora of southern Ecuador and northern Peru differs from P. subtomentosa by its longer corollas with horn-like projections on the abaxial surfaces of the lobes; P. lemoniana of southwestern Venezuela differs from P. nitidella by its corolla tubes 17–18 mm long with the lobes pubescent abaxially and from P. grandiflora by its secondary leaf veins only 7–10 pairs and...

Finding a new serovar of Salmonella. diarizonde from Frozen large yellow croaker

Finding a new serovar of Salmonella. diarizonde from Frozen large yellow croaker

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MELITAEA FROM TEXAS

Melitaea Fulvia.Male.—Expands 1.5 inch.Upper side brown-black over basal area of each wing, somewhat dusted rvith fulvous; or the ground color is partly replaced by fulvous, especially in the cells ; the costal margin and apex of primaries black, and both hind margins are narrowly edged by black ; all the nervures and branches black ; remainder of wings fulvous ; both have a submarginal series of fulvous spots, preceded by a black line, those of primaries at apex replaced by yellow, or obsolete ; beyond the black line a complete common series of small yellow spots ; a second on the disk, larger, and on secondaries elongated, sometimes very much so, and more or less confluent with the spots of the outer row ; on primaries a large yellow spot, edged with fulvous, next inside arc of cell, and two or three small yellow spots below this ; in cell of secondaries a small similar spot, but sometimes wanting ; fringes alternately and equally black and white.