Large White Yorkshire Pigs Research Articles

Effect of Energy Levels in the Diet of Large White Yorkshire Pigs on Energy Utilization

Effect of Energy Levels in the Diet of Large White Yorkshire Pigs on Energy Utilization

Growth performance of Large White Yorkshire pigs on supplementation of Jaggery filter cake in finisher stage

The present study was conducted on 24 growers which were divided into 4 dietary treatment groups, viz. Group 1: concentrate only, Group 2: concentrate +700 g JFC, Group 3: concentrate + 1,400 g JFC, Group 4 and concentrate + 2,100 g JFC. Jaggery filter cake supplementation was increased every week in the ratio of 0:50:100:150 g in group 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively. Lowest and highest dry matter intake was observed in group 1 and group 4 respectively and values differed significantly (P<0.01). At the end of finisher stage, group 4 showed highest body weight followed by group 2, 3 and 1. The overall FCR during growing stage was 2.96 ± 0.04, 2.93± 0.02, 2.95 ± 0.04 and 3.05± 0.05 in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. It can be concluded that Jaggery Filter cake can be fed to finisher pigs starting with 2,100 g and increment of 150 g in the subsequent weekly interval for optimal growth rates.

Seasonal variations in physio-biochemical and endocrine profiles in Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire pigs under Indian sub-tropical semi-arid climate

Seasonal variations in physio-biochemical and endocrine profiles in Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire pigs under Indian sub-tropical semi-arid climate

Effect of early and split weaning management on growth performance of Large White Yorkshire pigs

Lactating Large White Yorkshire sows (18) with their litters were selected for the study and were divided into three groups (T1, T2, T3). In T1 and T3 groups, piglets were weaned at day 24 and 28. In group T2, heavier half of the litters were weaned at day 24 and remaining half were weaned at day 28. The piglets were reared up to 70 days of age and their performance was recorded. The result revealed that average body weight (kg) at day 70 and the ADG (g) from 1st to 10th week differed non-significantly among the groups. Nonsignificant difference was observed in pre-weaning, post-weaning and overall ADI among the different weaning groups. FCE from weaning to 10th week was similar among the different weaning groups. In conclusion, the whole litter or split litter weaning at day 24 or 28, had no effect on body weight gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of piglets. The findings may be helpful to develop managemental strategies for early weaning of piglets in Indian farm conditions.

Comparative Gross Anatomical Studies on the Testes of Zovawk (Mizo Local Pig) and Large White Yorkshire Pig

The study was conducted on 12 apparently healthy adult animals, 6 Zovawk (Mizo local pig) and 6 Large White Yorkshire pig. Both the testes were reddish white in colour. They were elliptical and rounded to oval in shape in Zovawk and Large White Yorkshire pig. The long axis of the testis was obliquely in Zovawk and slightly horizontal in Large White Yorkshire pig. The different biometrical values with regard to weight, length, width and thickness were found to be higher in left side of testes than the right side in Zovawk and Large White Yorkshire Pig. The average Net testicular weight of the right and left testicles of adult Zovawk was 42.85±4.88 gm and 43.93±3.54 gm and that of Large White Yorkshire was 259.57±32.22 gm and 269.52±27.22 gm, respectively. These biometrical parameters were found to be low in Zovawk as compare to Large White Yorkshire pig.

Gross Morphological Features of Pancreas in Large White Yorkshire Pigs

Gross Morphological Features of Pancreas in Large White Yorkshire Pigs

Effect of Jaggery Filter Cake Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility in Grower and Finisher Large White Yorkshire Pigs

Jaggery filter cake (JFC) is scum obtained while making Jaggery. Keeping the importance of Jaggery filter cake as un conventional feed in economic pig feeding, the study was conducted on digestibility of JFC in growing and finisher stage of Large White Yorkshire pigs fed on different levels of Jaggery filter cake. The experiment was designed using 30 Large White Yorkshire piglets (3 ½ month old), randomly divided and maintained on 5 dietary treatment groups, viz. group I: concentrate only, group II: concentrate +250 g JFC, group III: concentrate +500 g JFC, group IV: concentrate +750 g JFC and group V: ad lib. JFC only. Jaggery filter cake supplementation was increased in the ratio of 50:100:150 g in group II, III, IV respectively, every fortnight during growing stage and every week during finishing stage. Digestive trial was conducted once during the growing and finisher period as per standard procedure. During growing stage the dry matter digestibility (%) was 70.92 ± 1.38, 69.66 ± 1.06, 68.94 ± 0.79, 70.60 ± 1.34 and 73.10 ± 1.26 and during finishing stage it was 74.00 ± 1.15, 71.36 ± 0.40, 75.49 ± 1.38, 75.20 ± 0.60 and 73.89 ± 1.30 in groups I, II, III, IV and V, respectively. During growing stage DM digestibility was higher in group V than other the groups, however, there was no significant difference in DM digestibility among the groups. Similar trend was also observed in OM, CP, EE and CF. However, highly significant (P

Effect of Jaggery Filter Cake Supplementation on Growth Performance of Large White Yorkshire Grower Pigs

Jaggery filter cake (JFC) is byproduct obtained while making Jaggery. Keeping the importance of Jaggery filter cake as un conventional feed in economic pig feeding, the study was conducted on growth performance of grower Large White Yorkshire pigs fed on different levels of Jaggery filter cake. Thirty piglets (3 ½ month old) were divided into 5 dietary treatment groups, viz. group I: concentrate only, group II: concentrate +250 g JFC, group III: concentrate +500 g JFC, group IV: concentrate +750 g JFC and group V: ad lib. JFC only. Jaggery filter cake supplementation was increased in the ratio of 50:100:150 g in group II, III, IV respectively every fortnight during growing stage. There was no significant difference in overall DM intake between groups. During 1st week the daily DM intake in all the groups irrespective of treatments was almost similar (non-significant). However, from 2nd week onwards up to 4th week the daily DM intake was found to be significantly (P

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Effect of inbreeding on pre-weaning and sow performance traits in Large White Yorkshire pigs

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of inbreeding on pre-weaning and sow performance traits of Large White Yorkshire pig population. Data on 7596 Large White Yorkshire pigs maintained at PGRIAS, Kattupakkam from the period of 1990 to 2015, were subjected to least square analysis to study the effect of inbreeding and other non-genetic factors viz., period, season, sex, parity, litter size at birth on various traits using general linear model. Inbreeding was calculated as Wright’s path co-efficient. The mean inbreeding co-efficient of LWY population studied was 2.45 %. Among 7596 animals in the pedigree, 2088 were inbred and the range of individual inbreeding co-efficient (F) was from 0 to 37.5 per cent. The average inbreeding in the inbred population was 8.92 %. The effect of inbreeding was found to be significant for weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain and litter weight at weaning, where the traits were found to increase with inbreeding (enhancement). The absence of depressive effect on fitness traits observed in the present study could be due to lower levels of inbreeding, which was possible due to periodic introduction of breeding animals and planned mating.

Gross and Morphometrical Studies on the Testes of Large White Yorkshire Pig (Sus scrofa)

Gross and Morphometrical Studies on the Testes of Large White Yorkshire Pig (Sus scrofa)

Comparative Expression Analysis of Porcine Beta-Defensin-1 Gene between Large White Yorkshire and Ankamali Pigs

Comparative Expression Analysis of Porcine Beta-Defensin-1 Gene between Large White Yorkshire and Ankamali Pigs

Probiotic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from swine intestine.

Aim:A study was conducted with the objective to isolate probiotic microorganisms from swine intestine.Materials and Methods:In this study 63 isolates (24 caeca, 24 colon mucosal scrapings, and 15 rectal swab samples) were collected from Large White Yorkshire pigs. The isolates were inoculated and grown in de Man Rogosa Sharpe broth at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 48 h and subjected to morphological identification. Colonies having Gram-positive rods were selected for further physiological and biochemical identification tests, which were conducted in triplicate in two runs for each of the selected isolates using a standard protocol. Probiotic properties among the identified species were determined through the implementation of several tests related with pH tolerance, bile tolerance, and antimicrobial activity.Results:Morphological identification revealed that only 23 isolates were Gram-positive rods. Physiological tests performed on these 23 isolates further revealed that four of them did not exhibit any growth, at all conditions studied. The rest 19 isolates were, therefore, selected and subjected to biochemical tests. Six isolates were rejected because they were oxidase and nitrate reduction positive. From the 13 isolates subjected to sugar fermentation tests, speciation of only two isolates could be ascertained, one of the isolates showed characteristics for Lactobacillus acidophilus and the other for Lactobacillus plantarum. These two isolates were assessed for the strain possessing maximum probiotic property, and it was inferred that both – L. plantarum and L. acidophilus could tolerate a wide pH range (2-9), a wide bile concentration (0.05-0.3%) and revealed antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp.Conclusion:L. plantarum and L. acidophilus were isolated from swine intestine and were found to have good probiotic properties.

Histomorphological comparison of tonsil of Large WhiteYorkshire and indigenous pigs of Kerala, India

The present study was undertaken to compare the distribution and histomorphology of the tonsil of soft palate in Large White Yorkshire and indigenous pigs of Kerala. Tissue samples were collected from12 apparently healthy adult male animals. In both the groups of pigs, the tonsil of soft palate was located in the oropharynx and was found to be larger in Large White Yorkshire. Histological structure of tonsil of soft palate revealed that the average number of lymphatic nodules per microscopic field and lymphocyte count per nodule was maximum in indigenous pigs. Statistically significant differences were recorded in the average size of tonsils, crypt depth, number and size of lymphatic nodules and lymphocyte count per nodule in Large White Yorkshire and indigenous pigs.

Comparing Non-Linear Models to Describe the Growth Performance in Large White Yorkshire Pigs

An attempt was made to apply different nonlinear growth models to predict the best growth model for Large White Yorkshire pigs and to examine the difference in the growth pattern of male and female piglets.The data pertaining to achieve the objectives were collected between 2011 to 2016 at PGRIAS,Kattupakkam,on bodyweights at different ages of pigs with the sample size of 1226 Male and 1120 Female Large White Yorkshire pigs were included in the study. The data on body weights were plotted against the age for both males and females separately,and the shape of the curve was examined. Based on the shape of the curves,the following models were fitted to the data,viz.,Brody model, Logistic model, Gompertz model,Von Bertalanffy model,and Richard model. For non linear models,the hightest R square value,Root Mean Square Error(RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Predicted Error (MAPE) criteria were used to determine the best fitted model. The analysis of data revealed that in male pigs the value of highest R2 (0.999)and least MAE (0.597), RMSE(1.755), MAPE(29.85) were observed in Gompertz model followed by Logistic model, Incase of female pigs the highest R2 (0.998) and least MAE (0.654), RMSE(1.130), MAPE(29.03) were seen for Gompertz model.Thus,it could be concluded that as the best fit for assessing growth of male and female Large White Yorkshire pigs.

Effect of Early and Split Weaning Management on Reproductive Performance of Large White Yorkshire Pigs

Effect of Early and Split Weaning Management on Reproductive Performance of Large White Yorkshire Pigs

Effect of Ghee Residue on Blood Profile of Large White Yorkshire Pigs

Objective: To expose the effect of ghee residue on blood profile of large white Yorkshire pigs. Methods/Analysis: A biological trial was conducted for 140 days in 24 weaned Large White Yorkshire piglets and randomly allotted into four different treatments with 6 animals in each group from 61 to 200 days of age. Four Large White Yorkshire pigs from each group in the growth trial were selected randomly and were kept off feed for a period of 12 hours prior to slaughter but given ad libitum access to water. They were stunned with electrical stunner and then dressed as per standard procedure. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein of animals of each group prior to slaughter and estimated their parameters. Findings: Haematological profiles were not influenced by inclusion of ghee residue even up to 15 per cent in pig diets. Ghee residue inclusion in pig diets up to 15 per cent level highly reduced serum cholesterol and total protein levels and had no influence on serum glucose, calcium and phosphorus.

Effect of Ghee Residue on Loin Eye Muscle Fatty Acids of Large White Yorkshire Pigs

Objective: To expose the effect of ghee residue on loin eye muscle fatty acids of large white Yorkshire pigs. Methods/ Analysis: A biological trial was conducted for 140 days in 24 weaned Large White Yorkshire piglets and randomly allotted into four different treatments with 6 animals in each group from 61 to 200 days of age. Four Large White Yorkshire pigs from each group in the growth trial were selected randomly and were kept off feed for a period of 12 hours prior to slaughter but given ad libitum access to water. They were stunned with electrical stunner and then dressed as per standard procedure. The loin eye muscle was collected and estimated for fatty acids. Findings: Fatty acid profile in loin eye muscle in Large White Yorkshire pigs by incorporation of graded levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 per cent) suggested that oleic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ghee residue supplemented diets compared to control diet. The other essential fatty acids like linoleic and linolenic acids were not influenced by addition of ghee residue in pig diets. Keywords: Ghee Residue, Fatty Acid profile, Loin Eye Muscle

Changes in expression of monocarboxylate transporters, heat shock proteins and meat quality of Large White Yorkshire and Ghungroo pigs during hot summer period.

ObjectivePresent study explores the effect of hot summer period on the glycolytic rate of early post-mortem meat quality of Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire (LWY) pig and comparative adaptability to high temperature between above breeds by shifting the expression of stress related genes like mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs).MethodsHealthy pigs of two different breeds, viz., LYW and Ghungroo (20 from each) were maintained during hot summer period (May to June) with a mean temperature of about 38°C. The pigs were slaughtered and meat samples from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were analyzed for pH, glycogen and lactate content and mRNA expression. Following 24 h of chilling, LD muscle was also taken from the carcasses to evaluate protein solubility and different meat quality measurements.ResultsLWY exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher plasma cortisol and lactate dehydrogenase concentration than Ghungroo indicating their higher sensitivity to high temperature. LD muscle from LWY pigs revealed lower initial and ultimate pH values and higher drip loss compared to Ghungroo, indicating a faster rate of pH fall. LD muscle of Ghungroo had significantly lower lactate content at 45 min postmortem indicating normal postmortem glycolysis and much slower glycolytic rate at early postmortem. LD muscle of LWY showed rapid postmortem glycolysis, higher drip loss and higher degrees of protein denaturation. Ghungroo exhibited slightly better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and higher protein solubility. All HSPs (HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90) and MCTs (MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4) in the LD muscle of pigs inclined to increase more in Ghungroo than LWY when exposed to high temperature.ConclusionEffect of high temperature on the variation of HSPs and MCTs may play a crucial role in thermal tolerance and adaptation to different climatic conditions, pH regulation, muscle acidification, drip loss, protein denaturation and also in postmortem meat quality development.

Identification of a Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Porcine Beta-Defensin-1 Gene.

Porcine beta-defensin-1 (PBD-1) gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of pigs. The peptide encoded by this gene is an antimicrobial peptide that has direct activity against a wide range of microbes. This peptide is involved in the co-creation of an antimicrobial barrier in the oral cavity of pigs. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphisms, if any, in exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene in Large White Yorkshire (LWY) and native Ankamali pigs of Kerala, India. Blood samples were collected from 100 pigs and genomic DNA was isolated using phenol chloroform method. The quantity of DNA was assessed in a spectrophotometer and quality by gel electrophoresis. Exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the products were subjected to single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Subsequent silver staining of the polyacrylamide gels revealed three unique SSCP banding patterns in each of the two exons. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products. A novel SNP was found in the 5′-UTR region of exon-1 and a SNP was detected in the mature peptide coding region of exon-2. In exon-1, the pooled population frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 0.67, 0.30, and 0.03, respectively. GG genotype was predominant in both the breeds whereas TT genotype was not detected in LWY breed. Similarly, in exon-2, the pooled population frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 0.50, 0.27, and 0.23, respectively. AA genotype was predominant in LWY pigs whereas GG genotype was predominant in native pigs. These results suggest that there exists a considerable genetic variation at PBD-1 locus and further association studies may help in development of a PCR based genotyping test to select pigs with better immunity.