Large High Quality Research Articles

High-Quality Single Crystal of Kitaev Spin Liquid Candidate Material RuBr3 Synthesized under High Pressure

Abstract Kitaev quantum spin liquids have attracted significant attention in condensed matter physics over the past decade. To understand their emergent quantum phenomena, high-quality single crystals of substantial size are essential. Here, we report the synthesis of single crystals of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid candidate RuBr3, achieving millimeter-sized crystals through a self-flux method under high pressure and high temperature conditions. The crystals exhibit well-defined cleavage planes with a lustrous appearance. Transport characterizations exhibit a narrow band-gap semiconducting behavior with 0.13 eV and 0.11 eV band-gap in ab plane and along c axis, respectively. Magnetic measurement shows a transition to antiferromagnetic (AFM) state at approximately 29 K both in ab plane and along the c axis. Notably, the Néel temperature increases to 34 K with an applied magnetic field of up to 7 T in the ab plane, but without any change along c axis. The large size and high quality of RuBr3 single crystals provide a valuable platform for investigating various interactions, particularly the Kitaev interaction, and for elucidating the intrinsic physical properties of Kitaev quantum spin liquids.

Epitaxially Defined Luttinger Liquids on MoS_{2} Bicrystals.

A mirror twin boundary (MTB) in a transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer can host one-dimensional electron liquid of a topological nature with tunable interactions. Unfortunately, electrical characterization of such boundaries has been challenging due to the paucity of samples with large enough size and high quality. Here, we report the conductance measurements of individual MTBs in epitaxially grown monolayer molybdenum disulfide bicrystals that are tens of micrometers long. These MTBs exhibit power-law behaviors of conductance as a function of temperature and bias voltage up to room temperature, consistent with electrons tunneling into a Luttinger liquid. Transport measurements of two distinct types of MTBs reveal the critical role of the atomic-scale defects. This study demonstrates that MTBs in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers provide an exciting new platform for studying the interplay between electronic interactions and topology.

Structural and electrical properties of fiber textured and epitaxial molybdenum thin films prepared by magnetron sputter epitaxy

Molybdenum (Mo) due to its optimal structural, physical, and acoustic properties finds application as electrode material in aluminum scandium nitride and aluminum nitride (AlN) based bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators. Epitaxial Mo thin films exhibiting low resistivity can improve the performance of the BAW resonator by enhancing both the electro-mechanical coupling coefficient (keff2) and quality factor Q. In this study, we systematically vary the growth temperature of Mo grown on fiber-textured and epitaxial wurtzite-aluminum nitride (AlN) to study the changes in structural and electrical properties of the Mo films. Results show that Mo grown at 700 °C on epitaxial AlN exhibits low surface roughness (Rq = 0.8 nm), large average grain diameter (dgrain = 330 nm), low resistivity (ρ=6.6 ± 0.06 μΩ cm), and high crystal quality (XRD Mo 110 ω-FWHM = 0.63°). XRD pole figure and ϕ-scan analysis reveal that irrespective of the growth temperature, Mo is fiber textured on fiber-textured AlN and has three rotational domains on epitaxial AlN. This study shows that the resistivity of Mo reduces with increasing growth temperature, which we relate to increasing average grain diameter. Additionally, we show that fiber-textured Mo has more high angle grain boundaries resulting in consistently higher resistivity than its epitaxial equivalent.

DiffTF++: 3D-Aware Diffusion Transformer for Large-Vocabulary 3D Generation.

Generating diverse and high-quality 3D assets automatically poses a fundamental yet challenging task in 3D computer vision. Despite extensive efforts in 3D generation, existing optimization-based approaches struggle to produce large-scale 3D assets efficiently. Meanwhile, feed-forward methods often focus on generating only a single category or a few categories, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, we introduce a diffusion-based feed-forward framework to address these challenges with a single model. To handle the large diversity and complexity in geometry and texture across categories efficiently, we 1) adopt improved triplane to guarantee efficiency; 2) introduce the 3D-aware transformer to aggregate the generalized 3D knowledge with specialized 3D features; and 3) devise the 3D-aware encoder/decoder to enhance the generalized 3D knowledge. Building upon our 3D-aware Diffusion model with TransFormer, DiffTF, we propose a stronger version for 3D generation, i.e., DiffTF++. It boils down to two parts: multi-view reconstruction loss and triplane refinement. Specifically, we utilize multi-view reconstruction loss to fine-tune the diffusion model and triplane decoder, thereby avoiding the negative influence caused by reconstruction errors and improving texture synthesis. By eliminating the mismatch between the two stages, the generative performance is enhanced, especially in texture. Additionally, a 3D-aware refinement process is introduced to filter out artifacts and refine triplanes, resulting in the generation of more intricate and reasonable details. Extensive experiments on ShapeNet and OmniObject3D convincingly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed modules and the state-of-the-art 3D object generation performance with large diversity, rich semantics, and high quality.

Energy Transfer for Constructing Circularly Polarized Luminescence Materials: Recent Progress and Future Prospects

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials hold significant promise in multidisciplinary fields such as circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes, biological probes, data storage, and information encryption. However, these cutting‐edge applications also put forward higher requirements for the design of CPL materials, requiring large dissymmetry factor and high emission quality. For this purpose, diverse approaches have been explored to generate and enhance CPL emission. Among them, energy transfer (ET) strategy stands out as it can be readily implemented in a wide range of CPL materials. The present work overviews latest advances in energy transfer for generating and modulating CPL, involving small organic molecules, polymers, metal complexes, liquid crystals, as well as new‐emerging chiral luminescent materials. It is anticipated that the review article will garner increased attention toward energy transfer systems and facilitate the advancement of CPL materials.

Parameters impact analysis on contact characteristics of intersected beveloid gear and involute cylindrical gear

According to gear geometry and tooth contact analysis (TCA) theory, the TCA model of intersected beveloid gear and involute cylindrical gear pair is built. The formulas for calculating curvature and contact ellipse at contact points are derived, and the shape and region of contact ellipse are determined. Then, the impacts of cone angle, helix angle and installation errors on contact characteristics are studied by numerical examples. The finite element model of gear pair is established to carry out the loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) and verify the accuracy of theoretical TCA model. The results show that gear pair with small cone angle or big helix angle has wide contact area, large carrying capacity and high transmission quality. The shaft angle error may cause the edge contact of gear pair, while the axial position error has limited effect. The research can provide input parameters for the study of tooth surface wear mechanism and dynamics in the future work.

MEMS fast steering mirror with a large optical aperture and high surface quality for free-space optical communication.

This work presents a MEMS fast steering mirror fabricated by an 8-inch AlScN platform, with a large optical aperture of up to 10 mm and high surface quality (RMS < 20 nm, PV < 120 nm), intended for free-space optical communication. The device comprises a high reflective mirror plate, a pillar and four cantilever beams with AlScN thin films. This device is prepared by a wafer-level eutectic bonding process. A reinforcement structure is proposed to increase the resonant frequency and the resistance to deformation. The mechanical performance, including resonant frequency, step response, linearity, and long-term stability are characterized. The maximum tilting angle is 1.38 mrad at 68 V, the settling time is improved from 400 ms in the open-loop control mode to 0.5 ms with the double step algorithm. The relationship of the resonant frequency, surface figure, and the depth of reinforced ribs is studied through characterizing devices with different depths of reinforced ribs. The bonding quality and the mutual melting states of bonding layers interface are investigated.

Improved piezoelectric and photoluminescence properties in Ce-doped PSN-PMN-PT piezoelectric ceramics by multiscale coordination

Improved piezoelectric and photoluminescence properties in Ce-doped PSN-PMN-PT piezoelectric ceramics by multiscale coordination

High-Risk HPV Cervical Lesion Potential Correlations Mining over Large-Scale Knowledge Graphs

Lesion prediction, a very important aspect of cancer disease prediction, is an important marker for patients before they become cancerous. Currently, traditional machine learning methods are gradually applied in disease prediction based on patient vital signs data. Accurate prediction requires a large amount and high quality of data, however, the difficulty in obtaining and incompleteness of electronic medical record (EMR) data leads to certain difficulties in disease prediction by traditional machine learning methods. Secondly, there are many factors that contribute to the development of cervical lesions, some risk factors are directly related to it while others are indirectly related to them. In addition, risk factors have an interactive effect on the development of cervical lesions; it does not occur in isolation, a large-scale knowledge graph is constructed base on the close relationships among risk factors in the literature, and new potential key risk factors are mined based on common risk factors through a subgraph mining method. Then lesion prediction algorithm is proposed to predict the likelihood of lesions in patients base on the set of key risk factors. Experimental results show that the circumvents the problems of large number of missing values in EMR data and discovered key risk factors that are easily ignored but have better prediction effect. Therefore, The method had better accuracy in predicting cervical lesions.

Development of axion haloscopes for high-mass search at CAPP

The axion offers a well-motivated solution to two fundamental questions in modern physics: the strong CP problem and the dark matter mystery. Cavity haloscopes, exploiting resonant enhancement of photon signals, provide the most sensitive searches for axion dark matter in the microwave region. However, current experimental sensitivities are limited to the O(100)μeV range, while recent theoretical predictions for the axion mass favor up to O(102)μeV, suggesting the need of new experimental approaches that are suitable for higher mass regions. CAPP has developed/proposed several haloscopes effective for high-mass axion searches based on new cavity concepts and practical tuning mechanisms. They are characterized by large detection volumes and/or high quality factors at high frequencies, achieved by partitioning a single cavity into multiple cells, exploiting higher-order resonant modes, and constructing dielectric photonic crystal structures. Improving on the dish antenna haloscope scheme, a horn antenna array has also been proposed for volume-efficient broadband search in the THz region. We review these haloscope designs for sensitive search in the high-mass regions and discuss their impacts on future experiments.

Solid‐Liquid Interfacial Engineered Large‐Area Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Films

AbstractConstructing uniform covalent organic framework (COF) film on substrates for electronic devices is highly desirable. Here, a simple and mild strategy is developed to prepare them by polymerization on a solid‐liquid interface. The universality of the method is confirmed by the successful preparation of five COF films with different microstructures. These films have large lateral size, controllable thickness, and high crystalline quality. And COF patterns can also be directly achieved on substrates via hydrophilic and hydrophobic interface engineering, which is in favor of preparing device array. For application studies, the PyTTA‐TPA (PyTTA: 4,4′,4′′,4′′′‐(1,3,6,8‐Tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)pyrene and TPA: terephthalaldehyde) COF film has a high photoresponsivity of 59.79 μA W−1 at 420 nm for photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection. When employed as an active material for optoelectronic synaptic devices for the first attempt, it shows excellent light‐stimulated synaptic plasticity properties such as short‐term plasticity (STP), long‐term plasticity (LTP), and the conversion of STP to LTP, which can be used to simulate biological synaptic functions.

Solid-Liquid Interfacial Engineered Large-Area Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Films.

Constructing uniform covalent organic framework (COF) film on substrates for electronic devices is highly desirable. Here, a simple and mild strategy is developed to prepare them by polymerization on a solid-liquid interface. The universality of the method is confirmed by the successful preparation of five COF films with different microstructures. These films have large lateral size, controllable thickness, and high crystalline quality. And COF patterns can also be directly achieved on substrates via hydrophilic and hydrophobic interface engineering, which is in favor of preparing device array. For application studies, the PyTTA-TPA (PyTTA: 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,3,6,8-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene and TPA: terephthalaldehyde) COF film has a high photoresponsivity of 59.79 μA W-1 at 420 nm for photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection. When employed as an active material for optoelectronic synaptic devices for the first attempt, it shows excellent light-stimulated synaptic plasticity properties such as short-term plasticity (STP), long-term plasticity (LTP), and the conversion of STP to LTP, which can be used to simulate biological synaptic functions.

Study on growth technology and optical properties of large size and high quality methylamine lead bromide single crystals

As a new generation of photoelectric materials, organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been widely used in photodetectors, solar cells and other fields, but most of the current mainstream applications are thin film materials.

Crystal Growth of the R2SiO5 Compounds (R = Dy, Ho, and Er) by the Floating Zone Method Using a Laser-Diode-Heated Furnace

In recent years, rare earth silicate compounds have attracted the extensive attention of researchers owing to their potential for applications in scintillation crystals in gamma ray or X-ray detectors, as well as in thermal or environmental barrier coatings. Large high quality crystals of three members of the rare earth monosilicates family of compounds, R2SiO5 (with R = Dy, Ho, and Er), have been grown by the floating zone method, using a laser-diode-heated floating zone furnace. Crystal growths attempts were carried out using different parameters in order to determine the optimum conditions for the growth of these materials. The phase purity and the crystalline quality of the crystal boules were analysed using powder and Laue X-ray diffraction. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to determine the crystal structures of the boules. The optimum conditions used for the crystal growth of R2SiO5 materials are reported. The phase purity and high crystalline quality of the crystals produced makes them ideal for detailed investigations of the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of these materials.

BlockMatch: A Fine-Grained Binary Code Similarity Detection Approach Using Contrastive Learning for Basic Block Matching

Binary code similarity detection (BCSD) plays a vital role in computer security and software engineering. Traditional BCSD methods heavily rely on specific features and necessitate rich expert knowledge, which are sensitive to code alterations. To improve the robustness against minor code alterations, recent research has shifted towards machine learning-based approaches. However, existing BCSD approaches mainly focus on function-level matching and face challenges related to large batch optimization and high quality sample selection at the basic block level. To overcome these challenges, we propose BlockMatch, a novel fine-grained BCSD approach that leverages natural language processing (NLP) techniques and contrastive learning for basic block matching. We treat instructions of basic blocks as a language and utilize a DeBERTa model to capture relative position relations and contextual semantics for encoding instruction sequences. For various operands in binary code, we propose a root operand model pre-training task to mitigate semantic missing of unseen operands. We then employ a mean pooling layer to generate basic block embeddings for detecting binary code similarity. Additionally, we propose a contrastive training framework, including a block augmentation model to generate high-quality training samples, improving the effectiveness of model training. Inspired by contrastive learning, we adopt the NT-Xent loss as our objective function, which allows larger sample sizes for model training and mitigates the convergence issues caused by limited local positive/negative samples. By conducting extensive experiments, we evaluate BlockMatch and compare it against state-of-the-art approaches such as PalmTree and SAFE. The results demonstrate that BlockMatch achieves a recall@1 of 0.912 at the basic block level under the cross-compiler scenario (pool size = 10), which outperforms PalmTree (0.810) and SAFE (0.798). Furthermore, our ablation study shows that the proposed contrastive training framework and root operand model pre-training task help our model achieve superior performance.

Effects of Wuzhi Capsule on Whole-Blood Tacrolimus Concentration Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Wuzhi Capsule (WZC) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used to treat drug-induced hepatitis or liver dysfunction and is usually prescribed in China to increase tacrolimus concentration. Several studies with small sample sizes have shown that WZC can increase tacrolimus concentration levels in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of WZC on whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels and safety. We searched 7 databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) comparing whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels between WZC and non-WZC treatments. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.3. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. Eleven studies involving 6 RCTs and 5 OSs were included. The meta-analysis indicated that whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels in the WZC group was significantly higher than that of the non-WZC group [weighted mean difference = 1.38, 95% CI (confidence interval), 1.21-1.56, P < 0.001], and similar results were shown in all the subgroups of follow-up time, different primary disease, and different WZC doses. In the self-control OSs, the whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels in the WZC group was significantly higher than the non-WZC group (weighted mean difference = 1.17, 95% CI, 0.71-1.64, P < 0.001). WZC was generally well tolerated and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups. WZC can increase whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels. This may be an economical and practical treatment choice for patients, especially those with poor oral tacrolimus absorption capabilities. Nevertheless, RCTs and OSs with large sample sizes and high quality are needed in the future to confirm these positive results.

Study of electrode structures for 5.89 GHz A1 mode Lamb wave resonators to achieve fs×kt2×Q > 247×109 Hz

Study of electrode structures for 5.89 GHz A1 mode Lamb wave resonators to achieve fs×kt2×Q > 247×109 Hz

An Image Unmixing and Stitching Deep Learning Algorithm for In-Screen Fingerprint Recognition Application

The market share of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) screens in consumer electronics has grown rapidly in recent years. In order to increase the screen-to-body ratio of OLED phones, under-screen or in-screen fingerprint recognition is a must-have option. Current commercial hardware schemes include adhesive, ultrasonic, and under-screen optical ones. No mature in-screen solution has been proposed. In this work, we designed and manufactured an OLED panel with an in-screen fingerprint recognition system for the first time, by integrating an active sensor array into the OLED panel. The sensor and display module share the same set of fabrication processes when manufactured. Compared with the current widely commercially available under-screen schemes, the proposed in-screen solution can achieve a much larger functional area, better flexibility, and smaller thickness, while significantly reducing module cost. A point light source scheme, implemented by lighting up a single or several adjacent OLED pixels, instead of a conventional area source scheme as in the CMOS image sensor, or a CIS-based solution, has to be adopted since the optical distance is not long enough due to the integration. We designed a pattern for the point light sources and developed an optical unmixing network model to realize the unmixing and stitching of images obtained by each point light source at the same exposure time. After training, data verification of this network model shows that this deep learning algorithm outputs a stitched image of large area and high quality, where FRR = 0.7% given FAR = 1:50 k. In despite of a poorer quality of raw images and a much more complex algorithm compared with current commercial solutions, the proposed algorithm still obtains results comparable to peer studies, proving the effectiveness of our algorithm. Thus, the time required for fingerprint capture in our in-screen scheme is greatly reduced, by which one of the main obstacles for commercial application is overcome.

Flexible array of high performance and stable formamidinium-based low-n 2D halide perovskite photodetectors for optical imaging

Flexible array of high performance and stable formamidinium-based low-n 2D halide perovskite photodetectors for optical imaging

High-cooperativity cavity magnon-polariton using a high-Qdielectric resonator

The hybrid system consisting of microwave photons and ferromagnetic magnons has been studied in the context of quantum sensing and quantum manipulation of magnons. We demonstrate a strong coupling between magnons and photons in a dielectric resonator with a large dielectric constant and high quality factor. The coupling rate between magnons and photons amounts to g/2π=126 MHz, and the corresponding cooperativity reaches C=1.09×106 at cryogenic temperature. The high cooperativity is mainly due to the small internal decay rate of the resonator, which is advantageous for various quantum magnonics experiments.