Large Hard Disk Research Articles

Wave File Compression Analysis and Implementation using The Huffman Method

One of the sound file formats that are widely used in the Windows operating system is the Wave format (*. WAV). This format is widely used for gaming and multimedia purposes. Wave is actually a raw format where the voice signal is directly recorded and quantized into digital data. The basic format of this file by default does not support compression and is known as PCM (Pulse Code Modulation). If you record a CD Audio quality song using a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, 16 bits per sample, 2 channels (stereo), then the total media required to store this audio data per second is 176,400 bytes, so for a duration of 1 minute it takes 10,584 MB. If the average duration of one song is 5 minutes, it takes more than 50 MB of space to store the audio data of the song. This is of course very wasteful of storage media such as hard disks even though there are currently large hard disk capacities available.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Duplicate Docx Scanner Menerapkan Metode SHA-256

Hard drives are one of the core components of a computer in various types and sizes. Large hard disks can become full, even though they don't feel like storing large files. The possibility of saving the same file in the directory is very difficult and will take a long time. The Duplicate Docx Scanner application is able to solve this problem. The Duplicate Docx Scanner application is able to find out the same file is located in a different directory by determining the directory on the hard disk and other storage media. This application can calculate the hash value so that it can find the same file. The Duplicate Docx Scanner application uses the SHA-256 hash method. SHA-256 is used to perform file integrity checks in a variety of situations. This Duplicate Docx Scanner application is designed to use the Microsoft Visual Basic.Net 2008 programming language

KCOSS: an ultra-fast k-mer counter for assembled genome analysis.

The k-mer frequency in whole genome sequences provides researchers with an insightful perspective on genomic complexity, comparative genomics, metagenomics and phylogeny. The current k-mer counting tools are typically slow, and they require large memory and hard disk for assembled genome analysis. We propose a novel and ultra-fast k-mer counting algorithm, KCOSS, to fulfill k-mer counting mainly for assembled genomes with segmented Bloom filter, lock-free queue, lock-free thread pool and cuckoo hash table. We optimize running time and memory consumption by recycling memory blocks, merging multiple consecutive first-occurrence k-mers into C-read, and writing a set of C-reads to disk asynchronously. KCOSS was comparatively tested with Jellyfish2, CHTKC and KMC3 on seven assembled genomes and three sequencing datasets in running time, memory consumption, and hard disk occupation. The experimental results show that KCOSS counts k-mer with less memory and disk while having a shorter running time on assembled genomes. KCOSS can be used to calculate the k-mer frequency not only for assembled genomes but also for sequencing data. The KCOSS software is implemented in C++. It is freely available on GitHub: https://github.com/kcoss-2021/KCOSS. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Spintronics for Energy- Efficient Computing: An Overview and Outlook

From the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) to tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), their subsequent application in large capacity hard disk drives (HDDs) greatly speeded up the information era over the past decades. However, the growing demand for big-data storage and processing is limited by the von-Neumann architecture due to the memory bottleneck and power dissipation. Taking advantage of nonvolatility, high speed, and low power, magnetic random access memory (MRAM) becomes a promising candidate to overcome this limitation through processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures. In this article, we provide an overview of existing technology and give a roadmap of spintronic devices for future energy-efficient computing and its relevant integration architectures. We begin with the fundamentals of Toggle-MRAM and spin-transfer torque (STT)-MRAM, which already have commercial applications. We then introduce spin-orbit torque (SOT), a critical mechanism to realize low-power data manipulation in the next generation of MRAM and summarize the recent experimental breakthroughs of field-free SOT switching schemes. Finally, we present MRAM-based PIM architectures and novel spintronic devices, provide an application outlook, and deliver the future development potential of energy-efficient computing systems.

Enhancement of real-time EPICS IOC PV management for the data archiving system

The operation of a 100-MeV linear proton accelerator, the major driving values and experimental data need to be archived. According to the experimental conditions, different data are required. Functions that can add new data and delete data in real time need to be implemented. In an experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) input output controller (IOC), the value of process variables (PVs) are matched with the driving values and data. The PV values are archived in text file format by using the channel archiver. There is no need to create a database (DB) server, just a need for large hard disk. Through the web, the archived data can be loaded, and new PV values can be archived without stopping the archive engine. The details of the implementation of a data archiving system with channel archiver are presented, and some preliminary results are reported.

Storage Management Method for Hybrid Storage System to Reduce Extent Fragmentation

A hybrid storage system consists of a small and fast solid state drive (SSD) and one or more slow and large hard disk drives (HDD). The purpose of a hybrid storage sys-tem is to exploit the IO performance of SSDs to enhance the overall IO performance with comparatively low cost. In a hybrid storage system, since the size of a SSD is small, the storage utilization for the SSD is very important to guarantee the performance of a hybrid storage system. Some existing hybrid storages use extents to manage a large storage efficiently. However, they cause an extent fragmentation problem. The extent fragmentation reduces the SSD utilization and the overall performance of a hybrid storage system. In this paper, to solve the problem we propose a new mapping method that uses different size of IO unit for SSD and HDDs. Also, we perform simulations to show that our proposed method guarantees better SSD utilization than existing methods.

Development of an autonomous in‐pipe robot for offshore pipeline maintenance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a novel autonomous in‐pipe robot to perform the preventive point reparation for long‐distance offshore oil pipelines.Design/methodology/approachThe autonomous in‐pipe robot performs online ultrasonic inspection for pipe wall thickness, and the original inspection data are stored in large capacity hard disk. Through the offline data analysis by the data analysts and the software tool, the pipeline health status is known. If server defects lie there, the in‐pipe robot is introduced into the pipeline once more to indicate the defect's location to the maintenance ship.FindingsThe laboratory tests and the field tests prove the feasibility and validity of the developed autonomous in‐pipe robot. Furthermore, the application of intelligent control techniques ensures the mission completion by the autonomous in‐pipe robot, which worked in the awful pipeline environment.Practical implicationsThe developed autonomous in‐pipe robot helps eliminate lost production costs and pipeline downtime caused by leakages and guarantees the safe run of offshore oil pipelines.Originality/valueFor the application of the autonomous in‐pipe robot, there are no special requirements for maintained pipelines themselves, so it is applicable to the point reparation for most long‐distance welded offshore pipelines.

Structure of two-dimensional hard-disk mixtures: Modified fundamental-measure theory

A modified fundamental-measure theory (MFMT), which is based on the semiempirical equation of state for the hard-disk mixtures, has been employed for studying the uniform and nonuniform structural properties of hard-disk mixtures. The test-particle method has been used to calculate the radial distribution functions of hard-disk mixtures. The particle density distributions near the large hard disk and within the hard circular cavity have been studied, and molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to compare with the MFMT and other approximations. The depletion interactions acting between two large hard disks in a bath of the smaller hard disks and disk–disk second virial coefficients B 2 due to the disk-mediated interactions have been studied. Comparison with computer simulations shows that the MFMT yields an excellent agreement with computer simulation data even for higher packing fractions. The MFMT can provide an accurate reference for the further development of the statistical–thermodynamic theory of complex fluids at uniform and nonuniform conditions.

Digital recording of surgical procedures using a personal computer

Objective: To develop a system for recording surgical procedure digitally using a personal computer with real-time compression of the video signal. Study design: We built the system around a modern personal computer with a large hard disk to allow recording of over 250 h of continuous surgery. Digital capture from the camera was achieved using a standard external analogue-digital converter linked to the computer via a firewire cable. The software for capturing, compressing and editing movie files were obtained free of charge from the internet. The optimal settings for the software was determined. Results: We have successfully used this system to record over 100 major and minor hysteroscopic, laparoscopic, vaginal and open gynaecological. Despite compression, the quality of the movies was judged to be very good and still images excellent. The recordings could be integrated in to standard presentation. Still pictures could be printed to provide hard copies for patients and medical notes, and movies burnt on to CDs or DVDs. Conclusions: A digital recording system built around a standard personal computer is relatively cheap, versatile and has a huge capacity to record surgical procedures.

Infrastructure of PACS linked to EPR

Tottori University Hospital started the operation of electronic patient record (EPR), order entry system (OE) and PACS in December 2003. The CPUs, large hard disks and other storage devices were connected by fiber channel switch as a storage area network (SAN). In the integrated system of EPR and PACS, data were transferred between servers easily and faster on SAN. The system seemed to be efficient and scalable.

The importance of text searches in digital forensics

Forensic investigations focus on searches of files or portions of files. These portions may come from active or deleted files, slack space, or non-allocated space. Things may be even more complicated with distributed file systems or large hard disks, which can create further and often unjustifiable demands on processing power. Some forensic analysts enhance the effectiveness of their work by using extremely complex and powerful tools such as GREP (Global Regular Expression Print). This tool was developed in the early 1970s to search for words or word fragments anywhere on the disk. The GREP expressions are so effective that even automated tools such as Encase and FTK make broad use of them, although their power depends strongly on the technical expertise of the user.

SAPS—An automated and networked seismological acquisition and processing system

A PC-based digital data acquisition and processing system was developed and implemented on two PCs linked by a peer-to-peer LAN. Sixteen channels are sampled with a rate of 200 Hz. The acquisition is performed continuously in sequenced files on one PC using the IASPEI-released XRTP software. The length of the elementary files is adjustable; we used 90 sec in this application. The second PC runs a program to organize automatically the following processing steps: (i) moving the raw data from the first to the second PC; (ii) filtering the data for running a ‘Rex Allen’-like picker for P waves on each elementary file; (iii) concatenating three consecutive elementary files if the detection criteria are fulfilled; (v) decoding a fast time code (Lennartz-style); (v) discriminating between local and teleseismic events; (vi) plane-wave method location and m b determination for teleseisms; (vii) picking S waves, determining coda duration and locating local events; (viii) conversion of PC-SUDS into GSE format and ‘feeding’ a Data Request Manager with phases, locations and waveforms; (ix) sending phases and location, via e-mail, minutes after detection, and a ‘health status’ every hour, to the system manager; (x) plotting the raw data, the picks and printing the location results; and (xi) archiving data and results locally and on a remote workstation. The system has been running since April 1994 with data from the telemetered network of the Upper Rhinegraben. Being modular, the system can be extended and upgraded easily. Loss of data is avoided by using large hard disks as temporary data buffers and file mirroring on different hard disk drives.

ABC of Medical Computing: ONLINE SEARCHING

Searching for references is part of everyday life in medicine. If your computer is equipped with a modem and communications software you can now do online searches without needing to visit a library. Online searching refers to the use of information sources held on remote computer systems, perhaps the most popular of which is Medline. The BMA library runs a Medline service for BMA members, which is available 24 hours a day through a modem and also through the Internet or Joint Academic Network (JANET). The Medline database runs on a modern PC with a very large hard disk in the library. The computer is connected to a number of telephone lines so up to 20 people can dial in and access the system simultaneously. BMA members can access the Medline database at no cost apart from normal telephone charges. You will, however, need to apply to the library for a password before using the system. BMA's Medline system. The following description is based on the OVID (3.0) DOS version of the system interface. It is best to use Norton pcAnywhere to access the BMA's Medline service as this gives best performance but you can also use any standard communications program. The commands vary slightly depending on the program that you use but clear instructions are always given on the screen. When you log on to the database you need to type IBMOVID if you have Norton pcAnywhere or VTOVID if you have other communications software. Initial search screen in Medline To carry out a search on a particular subject, type the relevant term or phrase at the cursor prompt. The system will attempt to map your word(s) to relevant standard terms, known as medical subject headings (MeSH). Medline, which is produced by the United States National Library of Medicine, …

Alerts

Ordinary computers are “out”, integrated workstations are “in”, though mostly they are merely computers with a large hard disk, full range of software, a modem, and a menu front‐end for easy access to all this. Dawson Technology Ltd, who launched a new Integrated Workstation (IWS) at their London offices on 19 April, have added a compact disc reader to it and this makes good sense in a library environment. The software included is a menu generator and DOS interface, the Open Access2 integrated package (wordprocessor, spreadsheet, graphics and database) and communications. There is also “ATE” which is an automatic text editor developed by a research team at Leicester Polytechnic especially with library and office tasks in mind. Thus one can sit at the keyboard and use LA NET or other E‐Mail services, external databases, CD‐ROM disk or use full business‐style word and data handling. Subscribers to Dawson's inter‐library lending product AIM or SMS, their serial‐handling package can readily access them from the same terminal. Any data or text generated in or downloaded by these facilities can be automatically edited into any predetermined different format for input to any of the others. If such easy access to all the data of many systems is thought inadvisable nine levels of password protection can be provided. The price is a very modest £3,950 for an IBM AT‐compatible 12MHz machine with 40Mb hard disk, 640K RAM, CD‐ROM reader and all that software, some of it exclusive to the workstation. Should a library have existing equipment of similar capacity the Automatic Text Editor alone is available at £475. The workstation behaved perfectly at the Press demonstration — the only serious misgiving expressed was that if a library were to use AIM, SMS, carry out substantial report‐writing, and be heavily tempted to download into a local database from external databases or CD‐ROM, then 40Mb would fill up quite quickly. Librarians would do well to consider whether 80Mb and extra memory could be afforded from the start. The low price implies that purchasers of the workstation would not need, nor expect to receive, more than token support although training can be provided initially. Details of the workstation or Dawson's systems can be obtained from Dawson Technology Ltd, Cannon House, Folkestone, Kent CT19 5EE (0303–850537).