Wittgenstein's Language Research Articles

하나의 해체적 독법

Attempts to read the language experience of the film MINARI from the perspective of Philosophy of Language in Wittgenstein can be proved sufficiently on the textual dimension. However, this study aims to argue that in reverse, the Ordinary Language of MINARI can be established as a reference text in understanding Wittgenstein's philosophy in toto. This is because MINARI and Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language share the homogenous dialectical worldview. The central methodology for this essay is to reconstruct the logical process of what kind of de-constructive interactions language and ordinary life go through in the drama of MINARI and Wittgenstein's Weltanschuung. Chapter 2, ‘Name and Substance’ will show that the identity of the subject 'I' itself to the world is situated in a variable relationship between Name and Substance. Chapter 3, ‘From Synchronicity to Diachronicity’ attempts to illustrate that the way of existence of life (drama) in the world of 'I' as a social community is altered from a synchronical state to that of the diachronical one through de-constructive processes. Chapter 4, ‘Space of Experience, Experience of Space’ will demonstrate that the space of experience in the perspective of 'I' and the experience of space in the perspective of the world are in a complementary relationship for each other. As a result of this study, it is possible to confirm the significant metaphysical affinity between the authorship of Lee Isaac Chung and Wittgenstein’s expression of life on the textual dimension.

Private Language in Wittgenstein and the Igbo-African Worldview

Private Language in Wittgenstein and the Igbo-African Worldview

Extremism Counter-narration of the Jamaah Ansharut Daulah within the Perspective of Ludwig Wittgenstein Language Games Theory

Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) is one of the extreme Islamic groups that has a strong influence in the spread of takfiriism in Indonesia. This group has proven to be strongly affiliated with ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), which is an extreme transnational Islamic group. JAD is one of the extreme groups in Indonesia that has the most followers and is spread throughout Indonesia. This is based on the large number of Indonesian people, especially Muslims who are exposed to JAD ideology. JAD has a different character from its predecessor group which also carried out acts of terrorism. JAD's character is like targeting a near enemy, disbelieving all those who serve the country, carrying out lone wolf actions, involving one family in its jihad, and involving women. Thus, this research leads to a form of counter-narrative/preventive effort as a form of self-defense to dispel such dangerous narratives. The study in this study uses a descriptive analysis model based on library research by taking data sourced from primary data, as well as secondary data. The findings in this study provide a new way of anticipating extreme narratives taught by JAD (Jamaah Ansharut Daulah), namely through the analysis of Ludwig Wittgenstein's language games. Through this analysis it can be found that there is a structure of propaganda language games, inciting, praying, and orders that are delivered religiously and in the form of justifications. Therefore, the analysis of language games provides a way, namely by paying attention to words according to their use in sentences, paying attention to the meaning of sentences according to their use in language, and paying attention to the meaning of language according to their use in life.

Analyze on Why Freedom of Speech Should be Restricted from the Perspective of Language Game

As one of the most important modern western philosophers, Wittgenstein's language game theory laid the foundation for the study of pragmatics, and at the same time made the theory of "language game" widely studied in the field of linguistics. Linguistics is relatively active in the fields of mass media and social information dissemination, and the impact of language games on mass media and information dissemination has also achieved certain results in research. Combined with the current era, the rapid development of Internet technology has also led to the development of mass media and information dissemination effectiveness, opened up an unprecedented and convenient way for citizens to exercise their right to freedom of speech, and gave birth to the field of cyberspace that coexists with real space. The Internet platform allows more people to participate in the activities of expressing and disseminating speech, promoting the improvement of social norms, and solving social problems, but at the same time, online language violence and rumors, and defamation are also problems that cannot be underestimated, threatening national and social security. Based on Wittgenstein's "language game" theory, this article analyzes the spread and influence of language game theory, especially deeply derogatory words, on historical and contemporary social speech, and responds to why freedom of speech should be restricted.

The Philosophical Significance of Secondary Uses of Language in Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy

This paper aims to provide an account of Wittgenstein’s employment of the distinction between primary and secondary use of words. Against views that circumscribe its relevance to aesthetics and ethics, the paper demonstrates that there are many instances of secondary uses in Wittgenstein’s work that are not reducible to those limited applications. Additionally, as secondary uses are often interpreted as having an expressive function, the paper argues that we cannot reduce secondariness to a single unifying principle, because the distinction is philosophical, as it works as a powerful device to tackle different, often unrelated, philosophical issues.

Theory after Practice

Theory after Practice

The London Whale Scandal under new Scrutiny: A Critical Appraisal of the Concept of Retro-causality

This paper aims to extend the purview of the retro-causality concept, by exploring a complex and under-researched financial accounting scandal, namely the London Whale, a group of traders that operated on account of the London subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co in 2012. We specify the conceptual articulation underlying the discourse on the scandal, between the intentions, the actions and the temporality in which the events have taken place. We then elaborate upon philosophers Elizabeth Anscombe and Donald Davidson. We show the limitations of rationalization as a causal deterministic explanation of actions in light of a methodical review of the JPMorgan Chase Task Force Report in 2013. We put forward the idea that the scandal features flows of awareness, reminiscent of Bergson's duration. The articulation between intentions, actions and causes is performed, by mobilizing quantum macroeconomic theory developed by the economist Bernard Schmitt. We show the relevance of retro-causality for central debates in contemporary accounting (e.g. fair value accounting and the efficient market hypothesis). Our empirical study abundantly draws on Ludwig Wittgenstein's language games, and retro-causality insights borrowed from quantum physics. Our results confirm our theoretical intuitions: there is a common thread and guiding reflection throughout the accounting scandal, namely the idea that the future might influence the past, under certain assumptions. Finally, some groundbreaking consequences are derived for the accounting profession regarding the global crisis in 2008.

Rules, understanding and language games in mathematics

The article is devoted to the applicability of Wittgenstein’s following the rule in the context of his philosophy of mathematics to real mathematical practice. It is noted that in «Philosophical Investigations» and «Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics» Wittgenstein resorted to the analysis of rather elementary mathematical concepts, accompanied also by the inherent ambiguity and ambiguity of his presentation. In particular, against this background, his radical conventionalism, the substitution of logical necessity with the «form of life» of the community, as well as the inadequacy of the representation of arithmetic rules by a language game are criticized. It is shown that the reconstruction of the Wittgenstein concept of understanding based on the Fregian division of meaning and referent goes beyond the conceptual framework of Wittgenstein language games.

The use of Wittgenstein's language games to promote argumentation in children at the beginning of scientific literacy

The insertion of the individual in the scientific culture goes through scientific literacy and this, through teaching that privileges research and argumentation in the school scenario, mainly in Science classes. Based on indicators found in the literature that point to scientific literacy and models proposed by Lawson to define the structure of the argument, a table was elaborated to relate the argumentation of children in the second year of elementary school, leveling it in five levels that point to the logical reasoning and the dominion of content, taking into account Wittgenstein's linguistic games. To analyze what level the children were at, a didactic sequence was elaborated that allowed the observation and study of the arguments used by them. Considering such activities and the children's age group, it was observed that they tend not to complete the argumentative sequence, but they already have strong traces of scientific literacy.

The Library Language Game: Information Literacy through the Lens of Wittgenstein's Language Games

Labeling information is a precarious and risky enterprise. Catalogers have the task of fitting unique concepts within established and rigid language frameworks while also minimizing personal bias. The way information literacy librarians interact with labeled information also influences how users interact with information. Labeling moves beyond the role of categorizing, it also contributes to meaning making and knowledge building. Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations serves as a philosophical footing to illustrate how the labeling of things, in this case information, shapes the way we give things meaning. Critical librarianship and philosophy of information theory add to the discussion by considering how personal perspective, power, and bias to manipulate the game of naming information that takes place in the information literacy classroom. This paper is an invitation for librarians to reflect upon the relationship between labeling and how all users of information engage with labels and subsequently create meaning and knowledge.

A pedagogical interpretation on Wittgenstein's language game

A pedagogical interpretation on Wittgenstein's language game

JOGOS DE LINGUAGEM E GEOMETRIA EUCLIDIANA PLANA: UMA TERAPIA WITTGENSTEINIANA EM CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA EM MATEMÁTICA

Este trabalho reporta uma investigação, a partir da dúvida de a geometria euclidiana plana ser abordada de modo diferente em livros distintos, utilizados na formação de professores de matemática na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS. Assim, com base no levantamento de ementas e bibliografias de disciplinas de geometria nos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática da UFMS, foram analisados os livros Geometria Euclidiana Plana, de João Lucas Barbosa (2006), que vinha sendo utilizado por muitos anos em praticamente em todos os cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática, da referida Universidade e, por questões logísticas, foi substituído por Geometria Euclidiana Plana e Construções Geométricas, de Eliane Quelho Frota Rezende e Maria Lúcia Bontorim de Queiroz (2000), em busca de semelhanças e diferenças entre ambos. Ancorada na perspectiva dos jogos de linguagem de Ludwig Wittgenstein, a referida análise desses dois manuais pautou-se na averiguação de como se constituíam os jogos de linguagem nestes manuais. Para tanto, foi praticada uma Terapia Bibliográfica com a Geometria Euclidiana Plana, seus axiomas, postulados e teoremas, tendo em conta que jogos de linguagem estão sempre assentados em formas de vida. Assim a leitura se inspirou em possíveis usos destes manuais didáticos em salas de aula de formação de professores de Matemática. Foram constatadas várias dessemelhanças, tais como diferentes palavras usadas em um mesmo sentido, usos de uma mesma palavra de formas próprias e encadeamentos lógicos singulares, caracterizando, assim, diferentes jogos de linguagem, diferentes Geometrias Euclidianas Planas.

Notion of Private Language in Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-philosophcus and some Contemporary Linguistic Refutations

In this paper, the possibility of private language argument in Tractatus Logico- Philosophicus is analyzed. The concept of ‘language that only I could understand” is connected to solipsism, or the impossibility to understand other people’s way of seeing the world. But all members of the same community are able to communicate using the same language, so this language is a general language, and there is no private language, just a private perception of the world. Contemporary linguistic theories of Chomsky and de Saussure are close to this interpretation of private language.

Painful Subjects

Painful Subjects

Transparency as transparagency—New “meaning” for new contexts

A literature review was undertaken to find how transparency is connected to different models of governance. This paper addresses transparency in a wider sense than usual and claims its recognition from the systemic point of view. With this goal in mind, Wittgenstein's language games were used to show that transparency means what practice shows it is to regain its meaning in the never‐ending circle. On this basis, a new notion of transparency is proposed: transparagency, which connects knowing, understanding, acting, and evaluating under a new umbrella term. On the basis of Google Trends, the paper exposes a link between transparency and freedom of expression that is contrary to common understanding—Transparency is ensured more when people talk about it less.

Artificial Intelligence and the meaning of language - focusing on the meaning of language in Wittgenstein’s philosophy -

Artificial Intelligence and the meaning of language - focusing on the meaning of language in Wittgenstein’s philosophy -

Rules and privacy: remarks on philosophical investigations §202

I first distinguish issues about rules and issues about language in Wittgenstein. I then I distinguish private and private rules and argue that there can be private rules because norms of reasoning are private rules. I suggest that Wittgenstein may have equated rules with public rules. I end with reflections on private language.

A frame‐reflective discourse analysis of serious games

AbstractThe authors explore how framing theory and the method of frame‐reflective discourse analysis provide foundations for the emerging discipline of serious games (SGs) research. Starting withWittgenstein's language game andBerger andLuckmann's social constructivist view on science, the authors demonstrate why a definitional or taxonomic approach toSGs is problematic and unfruitful. UsingGoffman's frame analysis as an alternative, they construct four frames, with sample illustrations, demonstrating the different ways in which the utility of games for society, business and politics is considered. These areSGs as: (1) tool (therapy, drug), (2) innovation (economic utility), (3) persuasion (idea, belief) and (4) self‐organization (complexity). The frames are based upon different values and perceive different impacts of games in society, business and politics. The authors discuss the implications of their approach.

Word and Music Studies: Essays on Performativity and on Surveying the Field.

Word and Music Studies: Essays on Performativity and on Surveying the Field.

Metaphorical use of language vs. descriptive use of language in Wittgenstein’s work: Evidencing the production of [architectural] conceptual metaphors in Palais Stonborough

This paper proposes a common ground for discussion between linguistic and architectural production in the framework of some late Cognitive Theories of meaning construc-tion like Conceptual Metaphor Theory (from Lakoff and Johnson 1980) and Conceptual Integration Theory (from Fauconnier and Turner 2002). This common ground will be analyzed from formal plan making reference to Wittgenstein's linguistic thesis. For instance, understanding his architectural production in Palais Stonborough requires a realistic knowledge of the author's specific conception of a work of art as an object seen sub specie aeternitatis. In the author's view, this construal demands the nullification of the subjective component, since the work of art must aim to become an objective description of the totality of existing states of affair, which is the world. Thus, following Wittgenstein's conception of art, beauty emerges from the objectivity of the work in a process that must run on the side-lines of subject's mediation. We are confronted with an inclusive representational problem: Is this objectivity of the work possible as conceptually constructed and linguistically expressed by Wittgenstein in his written essays? To answer this question, we will conceptually analyze the two subcategories of linguistic plan and formal plan focusing on the way they project partial structure from the domains of object and of subject; our aim is to prove, applying feasible cognitive poetic and linguistic principles, methods, and models, that artful ideas that are linguistically valid in Tractatus cannot be directly applied to architectural production. We conclude that both plans are not really interchangeable.