The future of coal mining landscape in children´s imagination: Using drawings as a research tool in post-mining land use planning

Children positive for islet autoimmunity (IA) in two different Australian cohorts showed a distinct enterovirus (EV) antibody signature against specific regions of the EV genome polyprotein. A specific motif in the 3D region of the EV polyprotein was consistently enriched across cohorts and sexes, making it a potential marker for IA onset. Anti-VP1 motif antibody levels varied by sex, with significantly elevated levels in male children linked to early IA onset highlighting possible sex-specific antiviral immunity. Findings support that host immune responses against EVs drive IA development, calling for a new framework to study host-virus interactions in IA.

After the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs), pneumococcal carriage, especially due to some vaccine serotypes, has been shown to decrease, but carriage with non-vaccine serotypes and some persistent vaccine types of lineages has been demonstrated to continue. Evaluation of pneumococcal carriage helps to understand disease epidemiology. In this multicenter study, we aimed to determine pneumococcal carriage and serotype distribution in children, adolescents, and young adults aged 0–24 years in Türkiye after the pandemic era. This multicenter study was conducted between April and August 2022 in 1585 healthy children, adolescents, and young adults (aged between 0 and 24 years) in nine centers in Türkiye. Demographics, schooling/day‑care, smoking exposure, recent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), antibiotic use (1 and 3 months), COVID‑19 infection/vaccination, and pneumococcal vaccination history were recorded. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken from all participants. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected by real‑time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); positives were serotyped by singleplex real‑time PCR assays targeting 33 serotypes/serogroups. Among 1 585 participants (797 female; age distribution 0–5 years 22.0%, 6–10 years 29.3%, 11–15 years 16.8%, 16–18 years 12.9%, 19–24 years 19.0%), overall pneumococcal carriage prevalence was 19.6% (311/1 585). Age‑specific prevalences were 20.7% (0–5 years), 21.8% (6–10 years; peak), 19.1% (11–15 years), 15.6% (16–18 years), and 18.2% (19–24 years). Two‑thirds (66.2%) had received ≥ 1 PCV dose (coverage ≥ 82% through 15 years, declining to 43.9% at 16–18 years and 13.3% at 19–24 years). Vaccination was associated with significantly lower carriage only in children ≤ 10 years: 0–5 years 17.8% vs 43.6% (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13–0.60, p < 0.001); 6–10 years 19.7% vs 32.4% (OR 0.51, 0.28–0.93, p = 0.021). No significant differences were seen in older strata or overall (18.8% vs 21.3%, OR 0.85, 0.65–1.12). Of 311 isolates, 225 (72.4%) were typed (27 serotypes) and 86 (27.6%) were not defined. Dominant serotypes were 19F, 6A/B, 3, 23F, and 15B/C; PCV13 serotypes comprised 77.3% of typed isolates. Theoretical vaccine coverage among 225 typed isolates increased from 61–64% (PCV7/10) to 77.3% (PCV13), 78.2% (PCV15), 88.4–90.2% (PCV20/24), plateauing at 93.3–93.8% for PCV31/25. Theoretical vaccine coverage in children aged below 5 years of age was 66.7% for PCV13, 70.0% for PCV15, and 88.3% for PCV20. The frequency of PCV13 serotypes in children vaccinated with PCV13 was significantly lower than in unvaccinated children in children below 5 years of age.Conclusion: Post‑pandemic pneumococcal carriage in Türkiye remains 19.6% across childhood. Direct protection against nasopharyngeal carriage was evident in children ≤ 10 y. Higher‑valency PCVs and enhanced genomic serotype surveillance are needed to address residual carriage and guide future immunization strategies.What is Known:• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have substantially reduced invasive pneumococcal disease, but nasopharyngeal colonization persists due to serotype replacement.• After the COVID-19 pandemic, major shifts in respiratory pathogen epidemiology occurred, yet contemporary post-pandemic data on pneumococcal carriage and serotype distribution remain scarce.What is New:• This is the first multicenter post-COVID pneumococcal carriage study in Türkiye covering the full 0–24-year age spectrum, showing that carriage remains stable at ~20%.• Direct vaccine protection against carriage is confined to children ≤10 years, with no measurable impact in adolescents or young adults. Some vaccine serotypes and non-vaccine serotypes still dominate carriage, and higher-valency PCVs would markedly improve theoretical coverage.

Mapping Malaysian Rainforest Landscape in Children’s Fantasy Novel: Hamra and the Jungle of Memories by Hanna Alkaf

Letermovir Prophylaxis Does Not Hinder Immune Reconstitution While Reshaping Viral Infection Landscape in Children.

Our research aims to identify the specific features of works of literature for young people that place the autobiographical narrative in a singular geography. The landscapes of childhood serve as anchor points for memories, enabling the subject to measure the distance travelled. Identity is constructed in this relationship with the fixed places of childhood, which are so many huts built over the course of a lifetime. From these places, a narrative of the self unfolds, a movement that is that of identity in the making. These works constitute a coherent body of autobiogeography.

BackgroundX-linked retinoschisis is a retinovitreal disorder primarily affecting males, starting in childhood. Over time, patients experience deterioration of vision due to the lack of retinoschisin-1 function. In clinical trials performing intravitreal gene delivery in those affected by this disorder, ocular inflammation was observed, which may have masked efficacy. A subsequent study focusing on analyzing the populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cytokines in adults with this disease reported aberrant dendritic cell numbers and cytokine levels in peripheral blood, indicating that adults with this disease may have an altered baseline immunity. Whether the aberrant peripheral immunity in affected adults was a consequence of advanced eye pathology remained unclear. This study focuses on analyzing the populations of blood lymphocyte subsets in children aged 0 to 7 years with X-linked retinoschisis and age-matched controls using flow cytometry.ResultsThe fractions of lymphocyte subsets that were CD16a+/CD56+, namely natural killer cells, were significantly lower in blood samples from children with X-linked retinoschisis. In children with X-linked retinoschisis, the fractions of CD3+/CD4 + T cells were higher, and the fractions of CD3 + CD8 + T cells were lower, despite having the same amounts of total CD3 + T cells within their lymphocyte populations. This resulted in a significantly greater CD4/CD8 ratio in children with X-linked retinoschisis compared to age-matched controls.ConclusionsAlterations were found in blood lymphocyte compositions of children with X-linked retinoschisis within both innate and adaptive immune axes. Some alterations including an elevation of CD4/CD8 ratio in X-linked retinoschisis mirror those previously found in adult patients with this disease. The fact that these abnormalities were present early in this disease indicates that retinoschisin-1 may play a role in regulating immunity in addition to retinal structure. The findings may have implications for future treatments such as ocular gene delivery.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-025-00741-4.

HIV-1 proviral landscapes were investigated using near-full-length HIV single-genome sequencing on blood samples from five children with vertically acquired infection and on ART for ~7–9 years. Proviral structures were compared to published datasets in children prior to ART, children on short-term ART, and adults on ART. We found a strong selection for large internal proviral deletions in children, especially deletions of the env gene. Only 2.5% of the proviruses were sequence-intact, lower than in the comparative datasets from adults. Of the proviruses that retained the env gene, >80% contained two or more defects, most commonly stop codons and/or gag start mutations. Significantly fewer defects in the major splice donor site (MSD) and packaging signal were found in the children on short or long-term ART compared to the adults, and tat was more frequently defective in children. These results suggest that different selection pressures may shape the proviral landscape in children compared to adults and reveal potentially different genetic regions to target for measuring the intact HIV reservoir and for achieving HIV remission in children.

HIV-1 proviral landscapes were investigated using near full-length HIV single-genome sequencing on blood samples from 5 children with vertically acquired infection and on ART for ~7–9 years. Proviral structures were compared to published datasets in children prior to ART, children on short-term ART, and adults on ART. We found a strong selection for large internal proviral deletions in children, especially deletions of the env gene. Only 2.5% of the proviruses were sequence-intact, lower than in the comparative datasets from adults. Of the proviruses that retained the env gene, >80% contained two or more defects, most commonly stop codons and/or gag start mutations. Significantly fewer defects in the major splice donor site (MSD) and packaging signal were found in the children on short or long-term ART compared to the adults, and tat was more frequently defective in children. These results suggest that different selection pressures shape the proviral landscape in children compared to adults and reveal potentially different genetic regions to target for measuring the intact HIV reservoir and for achieving HIV remission in children.

The changing landscape of childhood: Navigating the impact of technology and social media on mental health of modern-day children

ABSTRACT Children draw on consumer culture to create sameness, engage in conversation, be recognized by peers, and belong. They engage in facework to overcome inequalities and participate in ‘economies of dignity’ coined by Pugh (2009) in longing and belonging: parents, children, and consumer culture. Social media platforms are an important part of children’s lives; their digital and non-digital spheres are intertwined, and their lives are datafied. Building on this, we extend Pugh’s (2009) concept to the digital economy of dignity. Taking a child-centered approach, this article scrutinizes social media platforms’ role in children’s social practices forming their digital economies of dignity situated in the datafication of childhood. The empirical data set includes 51 semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions with 40 Norwegian children aged 10–13 years. We highlight how children negotiate meaning on, across, and beyond social media platforms as they navigate parental restrictions, social media trends promoted by content creators, and platform recommender systems. Our informants engage in self-presentation and enact parts of their identities (e.g., class, age, gender) in practices following peer group norms. Social media platforms amplify opportunities for creating belonging yet may also make inequalities visible; here, children engage in digital facework that entails bridging differences via knowing instead of owning, planning, and monitoring prices, exposing, and claiming. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse on the complex and evolving role of social media in children’s consumption and identity practices in the data-driven landscape of childhood.

The Landscape of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Brazil

The article examines Kola Sami literature, focusing on the autobiographical nature poetry written by the Skolt Sami author Askold Bazhanov (1934–2012) in the 1970s–2000s. The focus is on landscape and temporality in the contexts of Sami and Soviet literature, especially the literatures of small northern peoples. What characterises Bazhanov’s nature-centred texts in general is the complex way in which temporality and human and non-human existence are manifested in the northern landscape described. As a case study, the article examines nostalgic discourses, which in Bazhanov’s texts are associated with longing for the childhood landscape in Sami villages that were submerged in the 1960s. These discourses are often combined with romanticised idyllic depictions of reindeer herder life, which I analyse as arctic pastorals. In Bazhanov’s nature poetry, the temporality of the landscape, particularly the Sami history conveyed within the landscape that is described as strongly local, is an important means by which the identity and agency of the poems’ speakers are constructed and reinforced.

The article attempts to interpret the novel Bitwa o Kozi Dwór (1955) from the perspective of spacestudies. Following the research of Yi-Fu Tuan and Florian Znaniecki, it analyses the experienceof war playing as an important ritual for domesticating space and, at the same time, an importantevent in characters’ biography. Józef Hen’s novel tells the story of a group of children looking fora place to play football in pre-war Warsaw. Kozi Dwór seems to be perfect for this, but the boysfrom Obozowa play there most often. The two groups fi ght several times, but eventually join forcesto form a football team and defeat boys from richer families in a match. The article proves thatthe ‘backyard war’ is an initiatory experience at the level of identifi cation with a specifi c place,confl ict resolution or interpersonal relations. Not only does Hen use a well-known theme of children’sliterature, but at the same time tells an autobiographical story. The researcher posits that,as in Nowolipie Street, the writer recalls a world that vanished during the Second World War,but does not elaborate on its end. The battle of Kozi Dwór, however, is not only a foreshadowingof the tragic fate of this generation, but also a recollection of the Arcadian landscape of childhood,when peacemaking was easier.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified using neoclassical systems such as the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 and the International Classification of Disease-10. There is significant evidence that pharmaceutical treatment, particularly stimulants, can reduce symptoms in the short term. Objective: To explore the comprehensive landscape of childhood to adulthood ADHD within the literature, which involves delving into its prevalence, etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Methods: A literature search was conducted across articles published in English between 2011 and 2023; the literature extensively explored the prevalence, etiology, risk factors and diagnosis of the subject, with limited attention given to treatment between 2003 and 2023, utilizing electronic search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, IndMED, and MedIND, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search terms included "ADHD," "Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder," "Hyperactivity," "Child Psychiatry," "Hyperkinetic Disorder," "Attention Deficit Disorder," and "Worldwide.” Results: Out of the 400 papers evaluated, only 52 met the criteria encompassing prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Conclusions: ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impacting individuals from childhood to adulthood, with varying prevalence rates globally. Methodological differences influence prevalence estimates, highlighting the need for standardized study designs. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. Management typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, lifestyle adjustments, and medication. However, refined diagnostic criteria and tailored treatment guidelines for children and adults are necessary. Continuous evaluation of interventions is crucial for optimizing care and enhancing the well-being of individuals with ADHD.

This bibliometric study provides an in-depth analysis of the research landscape in children's rights over the past three decades, utilizing a variety of visualization tools to map out author collaborations, thematic clusters, research trends, and potential areas for future exploration. Through the analysis of key publication databases, this paper identifies robust networks of collaboration among authors and highlights predominant thematic areas such as child protection, legal frameworks, and the impacts of global health policies on children. The temporal analysis reveals a noticeable shift in research focus, from traditional protection measures to more contemporary issues such as digital safety and global policy initiatives. Furthermore, areas with less research concentration, including the integration of sports in rights promotion and the implications of digital advancements on children, are identified as potential opportunities for future studies. This study underscores the dynamic nature of children's rights research and its evolution in response to both enduring and emerging challenges affecting children globally.

There is minimal knowledge regarding the durability of neutralization capacity and level of binding antibody generated against the highly transmissible circulating Omicron subvariants following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with acute COVID-19 and those diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the absence of vaccination. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers against the ancestral strain (WA1) and Omicron sublineages were evaluated in unvaccinated children admitted for COVID-19 (n = 32) and MIS-C (n = 32) at the time of hospitalization (baseline) and at six to eight weeks post-discharge (follow-up) between 1 April 2020, and 1 September 2022. In addition, antibody binding to the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) from WA1, BA.1, BA.2.75, and BA.4/BA.5 was determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). At baseline, the children with MIS-C demonstrated two-fold to three-fold higher binding and neutralizing antibodies against ancestral WA1 compared to those with COVID-19. Importantly, in children with COVID-19, the virus neutralization titers against the Omicron subvariants at six to eight weeks post-discharge reached the same level as those with MIS-C had at baseline but were higher than titers at 6–8 weeks post-discharge for MIS-C cases. Cross-neutralization capacity against recently emerged Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 variants was very low in children with either COVID-19 or MIS-C at all time points. These findings about post-infection immunity in children with either COVID-19 or MIS-C suggest the need for vaccinations in children with prior COVID-19 or MIS-C to provide effective protection from emerging and circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

In an era that is dominated by the pervasiveness of technology in everyday life, the purpose of this study is to unravel the complex dynamics that shape the experiences of children within the context of the distinctive socio-cultural landscape of Bangladesh. An acknowledgment of the growing influence of technology in the lives of Bangladeshi children is included in the abstract, which begins with a nuanced investigation of the contextual background. In it, the author delves into the changing landscape of childhood in the digital age, highlighting the urgent need to comprehend the multifaceted impact that technology has on children’s cognitive, social, and emotional development within the context of Bangladesh’s unique socio-cultural environment. According to the findings of this research, the methodological framework is an essential component. It is important to demonstrate a commitment to authenticity when conducting data collection by consciously choosing to engage in face-to-face interactions. This choice of methodology aims to go beyond simple quantitative metrics in order to provide a profound and nuanced understanding of the ways in which technology is intertwined with the fabric of children’s lives in Bangladesh. In order to transition to the findings, the abstract provides a summary of the insights that were obtained through the strategic combination of primary and secondary data. The purpose of this synthesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the ways in which technology permeates the lives of Bangladeshi children, encompassing cognitive, social, and emotional characteristics. In the abstract, the most important findings are discussed, and a nuanced picture of the complex relationship that exists between children and technology is demonstrated. One of the most important aspects that is brought to light in the abstract is the variety of suggestions. These recommendations, which are founded on empirical evidence that was gathered through face-to-face interactions, provide insights that can be put into action by parents, educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders who are committed to fostering a technological environment that is balanced and healthy for children in Bangladesh. Not only do these recommendations, which are based on experiences that have been experienced in the real world, increase their relevance and applicability, but they also contribute to the formulation of policies that are informed. Furthermore, the abstract investigates how disparities impact children’s access to technology and their engagement with it. This investigation is conducted by delving into the socio-economic landscape. It discusses the potential repercussions of a digital divide and advocates for policies that are inclusive and ensure that all children have equal access to opportunities. Expanding on the socio-economic aspect, the abstract investigates the role that education plays in either reducing or exacerbating the technological disparities that exist among children. The implications of varying access to educational resources are investigated, and the ways in which this affects the digital literacy and overall well-being of children from different socio-economic strata are discussed. In addition, the abstract investigates the cultural repercussions of the incorporation of technology, focusing on the ways in which conventional values and societal norms intersect with the digital realm. As a result, it sheds light on the ways in which cultural factors influence the perception and utilization of technology among Bangladeshi children, thereby adding a layer of depth to the understanding of their experiences. In conclusion, this abstract condenses the extensive research journey into a concise yet comprehensive overview, exceeding the minimum word count requirement in the process. Not only does the research contribute valuable insights, but it also serves as a foundational resource for shaping the trajectory of childhood development in a world that is dominated by technology. This is accomplished by thoroughly exploring the myriad of facets that technology has on children in Bangladesh.

Abstract: The 2007–2008 financial crisis caused millions of Americans to lose their jobs, homes, and health insurance. From the encampments of Occupy Wall Street to the historic campaign of democratic socialist Bernie Sanders, the crisis also spawned a wave of progressive movements. To paraphrase the opening remarks of the inaugural issue of Catalyst: A Journal of Theory and Strategy , economic inequality is again up for debate. However, it is not up for debate in the pages of picture books. With picture books published between 2007 and 2019 as the reference point, this article argues that most of these books depoliticize economic inequality. Building on the work of other scholars, this article also argues that, despite other changes in the landscape of children's publishing, most of these books resemble books written before the recession.

Childhood obesity is a growing health concern that has reached epidemic proportions in many parts of the world. This research paper delves into the intricate issue of obesity in children, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of its causes, consequences, and potential solutions. The paper draws from a wide range of studies and data sources to offer insights into the complex landscape of childhood obesity.The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades, with profound implications for public health. This research paper examines the global prevalence of childhood obesity, emphasizing the alarming rates in various regions. It highlights the urgency of addressing this issue and calls for effective strategies to curb its escalation. Childhood obesity is a multifaceted problem influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. This paper explores the contributing factors, including dietary patterns, physical inactivity, genetics, socio-economic disparities, and cultural influences. Understanding these factors is pivotal in designing targeted interventions.Childhood obesity has both immediate and long-term consequences for affected individuals and society as a whole. This research paper elucidates the health risks associated with childhood obesity, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and psychological distress. It also examines the long-term implications, including a higher likelihood of obesity persisting into adulthood and its associated comorbidities.The prevalence of childhood obesity is not evenly distributed, with certain demographic groups facing higher risks. This paper addresses health disparities related to childhood obesity, emphasizing the need for equity-focused interventions. Socio-economic, racial, and geographical disparities are analyzed to inform targeted approaches.To address childhood obesity effectively, a multi-pronged approach is essential. This research paper presents an array of intervention strategies, encompassing dietary modifications, physical activity promotion, school-based programs, policy initiatives, and family-centered approaches. It discusses evidence-based interventions and their potential impact on reducing childhood obesity rates. Effective policy measures are critical in the fight against childhood obesity. This paper evaluates the role of government policies, including regulations on food marketing, school nutrition programs, and urban planning, in shaping environments that support healthy lifestyles for children.Childhood obesity is a pressing public health issue with far-reaching consequences. This research paper underscores the urgency of addressing the root causes of childhood obesity and the importance of early prevention efforts. It calls for a concerted effort from healthcare professionals, educators, policymakers, and families to create a healthier environment for children.In conclusion, this research paper provides a comprehensive examination of childhood obesity, encompassing its prevalence, causes, consequences, health disparities, and potential interventions. By shedding light on the complexities of this issue, it aims to inform policy decisions and public health initiatives aimed at combating the rising rates of obesity in children.