Landscape Design Research Articles

Design analysis of public health-oriented based on space syntax in Busan

ABSTRACT With the rapid pace of urbanization, the design and planning of urban public spaces, particularly waterfront landscapes, have become pivotal factors influencing the quality of life and public health of urban residents. However, many coastal cities suffer from poorly planned waterfront spaces. In Busan, South Korea, where demographic challenges such as population decline and aging are becoming increasingly prominent, the rising proportion of elderly residents poses significant public health challenges. This study utilizes space syntax theory, focusing on topological relationships, to analyze the spatial accessibility, connectivity, and structure of urban areas in Busan through spatial scaling and segmentation. Using key space syntax variables such as connectivity, control, and depth, the study evaluates these spatial characteristics. Field research and space syntax analysis of the Haeundae waterfront landscape were conducted to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the area regarding visual connectivity, pedestrian mobility, and social interaction. The findings indicate that, while the Haeundae waterfront exhibits high spatial openness and visual accessibility, there are notable deficiencies in spatial continuity, functional diversity, and human-centered design, which limit its potential to fully support public health objectives. To address these issues, this paper proposes a set of strategies and recommendations aimed at improving the design of the Haeundae waterfront landscape, enhancing public health, and increasing user satisfaction.

Urban Green Spaces and Collective Housing: Spatial Patterns and Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Residential Development

The current state of knowledge in landscape architecture of urban green spaces in Slovakia significantly falls behind advancements in urban planning and architecture. This gap underscores the growing need for well-planned, designed, and integrated green spaces in creating sustainable and livable urban environments. Urban green spaces serve as an essential component of residential areas. They provide important ecosystem services and significant environmental benefits, such as reducing the urban heat island effect, enhancing air quality, promoting biodiversity, and managing stormwater. These natural processes are vital in mitigating the impacts of climate change and improving the resilience of urban areas. Through a review of the green space and housing estate relationship, this article emphasizes the need for integrated green spaces strategies in the planning and designing of housing estates. By analyzing the mutual relationship between green spaces and housing estates, the article highlights how green spaces enhance the physical environment and play a crucial role in the social and economic attributes of residential areas and the well-being of urban residents.

Abstract A032: Quantification of tumor heterogeneity and functional drug response from patient-derived organoids highly correlates with progression-free survival of pancreatic cancer patients in a clinical trial

Abstract Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) preserve the clonal heterogeneity, mutational landscape, and histological architecture of the originating patient tumor, positioning them as promising laboratory surrogates for predicting clinical therapy response1-2. However, current PDO assays, such as CellTiter-Glo3D, fail to accurately reflect drug responses by quantifying proxy parameters like intracellular ATP3,4. Newer assays include live-imaging, where PDOs are screened with therapeutic compounds and imaged over time to visualize their drug response. Despite generating enormous amounts of image data, current analysis tools are labor- and resource-intensive and produce simple readouts originally designed for 2D cell monolayers (e.g. counts, size, relative viability). These limitations have greatly hindered the predictive capability of PDOs5,6. Therefore, there is significant unmet need to develop highly dimensional computational tools to unlock the predictive potential of organoids for more personalized medicine. In this study, we dynamically quantified PDO drug response on the single-organoid resolution from live-images, to unravel patient-specific tumor heterogeneity and responses to therapies7. A fully characterized organoid panel from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) patients (n=8) was used, and we matched our PDO analysis with retrospective clinical patient response to standard of care therapies (gemcitabine-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX). Our results demonstrated that our PDO analysis method identified patient-specific sensitives to therapy that were in-line with clinical outcomes, and our readouts highly correlated with progression-free survival of matched patients (R=0.97). This represents a significant improvement over current drug response readouts – relative viability (R=0.20). This work highlights the need for functional PDOs analysis to capture the biological complexities and improve clinical translatability in the emerging era of personalized medicine.

Estrategias didácticas para fomentar la participación activa en entornos virtuales mediante paisajes de aprendizaje

This article explores the impact of learning landscapes as a teaching strategy to promote active student participation in the Pedagogical Praxis module of a graduate program. The study highlights how learning landscapes can address educational diversity by integrating multimedia resources, interactive activities, and a reflective approach that promotes collaboration and active participation. The exploratory, qualitative research research was conducted in four stages: design of the learning landscape, implementation in a virtual environment, data collection through pre- and post-implementation surveys, and analysis of interactions on digital platforms. Nine students from the module participated, and the data were analyzed qualitatively to understand the perceptions and experiences of the students. The results showed that learning landscapes significantly improved active participation, increased motivation and interest in the content, and facilitated self-regulation. Additionally, the importance of integrating innovative strategies to personalize learning and foster collaborative interaction in digital environments was emphasized. This study concludes that learning landscapes are an effective tool for transforming educational dynamics in graduate virtual environments.

How do nature type and expertise impact restorative perceptions and eye movements? A between‐subjects eye‐tracking study

Abstract Previous research has shown that natural environments and landscape‐related expertise affect psychological restoration and visual behaviour. However, little is known about how subtle differences in naturalness across similar settings, and the role of expertise, influence restorative benefits and eye movements. This study addresses these gaps by investigating how different nature settings—wild nature, tended nature (includes plaza, lawn, path, pool and waterfall settings), and urban environments—influence human preferences, restorative perceptions and eye movements. A between‐subjects experimental design was used, with 280 participants randomly assigned to one of seven landscape settings (40 participants per setting). Eye movements were tracked during the experiment to assess visual engagement. The study found that the type of setting significantly influenced preferences, restorative potential and outcomes. Wild nature, along with two tended nature settings (pool and waterfall), was rated higher in restorative potential compared with urban and plaza settings by both expert and non‐expert groups. No significant differences were observed between pool, waterfall and wild nature settings in these ratings. While expertise influenced preferences in lawn, path and waterfall settings, it did not significantly impact perceptions of restorative potential or outcomes in most settings. Furthermore, settings had a stronger effect on eye movements in non‐experts, with notable differences in eye movement behaviour between the two groups. This study emphasizes the importance of designing landscapes that cater to the diverse needs and preferences of different user groups. The findings contribute to the interdisciplinary field of people–nature relationships, providing insights for landscape architecture, urban planning and public health. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Application and innovation of biomechanics-based energy consumption model for human movement in landscape planning

Based on the principle of cell molecular biomechanics, this study delves into the human movement energy consumption model for landscape planning. Human movement is underpinned by muscle cell activities. Muscle cells' actin and myosin filaments, regulated by calcium and ATP, cause contractions. Integrating diverse data, a precise prediction model is built. It factors in cell molecular aspects like ATP consumption efficiency related to mitochondria and energy transduction pathways. Also considered are biomechanical stresses on muscle and connective tissues during movement and cellular responses to environmental elements. Applied to landscape cases, the model uncovers optimization strategies. By understanding cell molecular biomechanics, landscape designs can be tweaked to ease muscle cell workload, cutting energy use. This lessens muscle fatigue and potential cell damage, enhancing environmental comfort. The results prove the model boosts landscape planning's scientific and practical value. It offers strong theoretical and practical support for sustainable urban growth and public health, spotlighting its vast potential and broad application scope in landscape planning.

Creating Smellscapes with Plants: A Landscape Architectural Framework

This article suggests a landscape architectural framework that purposefully integrates plant scents into the design of urban green spaces. The framework is relevant in the planning and design of urban greening with the aim of enhancing biodiversity and creating a more human-centered environment to provide good living conditions and health benefits for city dwellers. A drawing–interview method is used to understand how plant scent is used in landscape design practice by examining two real-life projects. Reflecting on the opportunities and challenges of using plant scent in urban spaces, this article introduces a framework that focuses on the connections between the nature of plant scents, human access to it via design, and the perception and effect of it. This framework can be used to incorporate plant scent as part of a multisensory design responding to both the physical, social and cultural context of a space.

Real Environment or Virtual Environment?: Perception Bias Evaluation of Perceived Security in Urban Parks

Urban green spaces, specifically urban parks, contribute to overall human health and well-being. However, physical features of urban green spaces can affect per-ceived security of its users, ultimately impacting their social life and mental health. Hence, various studies have evaluated perceived security in urban green spaces in virtual and real environment settings. However, studies have not yet evaluated the difference in the perception of perceived security and other physical environ-mental variables of urban green spaces across virtual and real environment-based methods. Nevertheless, there is a possibility that perception bias can exist across both methodologies. Since Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a well-established framework in the field, this study investigates the difference in perceived security across methods using the virtual and real environ-ment in urban parks, using a CPTED classification. Fifteen urban parks were vid-eo graphed during the day and night. The study collected 524 and 930 responses from real and virtual environment settings, respectively. The results show that, regardless of the stimulus type, all CPTED variables are significantly correlated with perceived security; however, surveillance, maintenance, and activity support are strongly correlated with perceived security in virtual rather than real envi-ronment. Perceptions of territoriality, access control and target hardening signifi-cantly differ across both methods. Regardless of user type, PS levels are higher in real environment. The number of park users affects perceived security more in virtual environments. However, the relative importance of CPTED variables in predicting perceived security is similar in both methods. Future research scholars can benefit from this study by understanding user perception pattern of urban parks in virtual and real environments. Similarly, the study results will guide them in creating virtual and real spaces catering to users’ perceptions. The study's find-ings can also support future virtual environment-based projects by accounting for potential perception biases when translating results to real environment setting. Further, landscape architects can leverage this research to enhance the design and development of urban parks. From the methodological perspective, this study is applicable to various perception-based studies that can aim to evaluate virtual and real environment-based differences.

Design of environmental perception and computer virtual reality technology in urban landscape design

This article explored the application of environmental perception technology and virtual reality (VR) technology in urban landscape design (ULD), aiming to solve the problems of insufficient data acquisition, lack of display and interaction methods, disconnection between design and actual environment, and difficulties in multi-professional collaboration in traditional design processes. The ultimate goal is to enhance the scientificity, interactivity, and overall coordination of ULD, and achieve higher quality design results. This article deployed an environmental sensor network for real-time data collection, collecting 100 sets of data per hour, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, and air quality. Data analysis tools can be used to process environmental data, build a VR display platform to provide an immersive design experience, and develop a multi-professional collaborative design platform (CDP) to achieve real-time collaboration. In terms of method effectiveness evaluation, it provided a detailed evaluation of the environmental adaptability, user interaction experience, collaborative work efficiency, and design quality of the design scheme. The effectiveness and superiority of the article’s method have been verified through environmental simulation, multi-environmental condition testing, user experience survey, and expert review. Before and after the launch of the CDP, the average design cycle was reduced from 120 days to 90 days. 80% of users believed that the platform improved design efficiency, and 75% of users expressed satisfaction with the platform’s collaborative functions. The research highlights the significant impact of the presented method on improving the quality and efficiency of urban landscape design (ULD). In the design quality evaluation, Design 10 achieved the highest scores in aesthetics and innovation, showcasing the platform’s strengths in fostering design creativity and enhancing visual effects. These evaluations underscore the method’s scientific approach, interactivity, and overall coordination, demonstrating its effectiveness in advancing ULD practices.

The New Zealand Biodiversity Factor—Residential (NZBF-R): A Tool to Rapidly Score the Relative Biodiversity Value of Urban Residential Developments

The loss of biodiversity in urban residential areas that are densifying in response to increasing housing demand has serious implications for urban ecosystem functioning and human wellbeing. There is an urgent need for integrating biodiversity-sensitive design into urban planning and development. While several existing “Green Factor” tools guide greening strategies in cities, none have biodiversity as their primary focus. We describe here a tool that specifically evaluates biodiversity in residential developments, with a particular emphasis on supporting native biodiversity. The NZBF-R (New Zealand Biodiversity Factor—Residential) also educates users through embedded explanations on how various design features positively impact biodiversity and it provides tailored recommendations for effective biodiversity enhancement, enabling urban professionals to make informed landscape design decisions. Developed through literature review, analyses of existing Green Factor tools, and a robust weighting process, the NZBF-R identifies and ranks characteristics that support urban biodiversity, based on evidence from the scientific literature. We demonstrate the application of the NZBF-R on one case study. The NZBF-R can be applied across the planning, design, and retrofitting stages of urban residential projects, making it a valuable resource for urban planners and designers.

Genome assembly and multiomic analyses reveal insights into flower and bark colors of Lagerstroemia excelsa.

Genome assembly and multiomic analyses reveal insights into flower and bark colors of Lagerstroemia excelsa.

Landscape Architecture's Role in Facilitating the Use of Bahrain Parks by People with Physical Disabilities

Landscape Architecture's Role in Facilitating the Use of Bahrain Parks by People with Physical Disabilities

Genomic Landscape and Clonal Architecture in Pediatric Myeloid Neoplasms with Chromosome 7 Deletions

Genomic Landscape and Clonal Architecture in Pediatric Myeloid Neoplasms with Chromosome 7 Deletions

A study on how to improve students' continuance intention in landscape architecture conservation course within a virtual learning environment based on SVVR.

A study on how to improve students' continuance intention in landscape architecture conservation course within a virtual learning environment based on SVVR.

Research on Plant Landscape Design of Urban Industrial Site Green Space Based on Green Infrastructure Concept.

With the acceleration of the global urbanization process, more and more industrial plants are being abandoned, which puts great pressure on urban ecology and land resource management. These abandoned industrial spaces not only lead to persistent pollution problems, but also exacerbate the urban heat island effect, leading to a worsening microclimate. To address these issues, the concept of green infrastructure (GI) has emerged as a sustainable ecological restoration strategy, and it is an important tool for urban renewal and industrial land transformation. In this study, the landscape environment of the industrial site of Henrichshutte in Germany and the surrounding industrial plant was taken as an example, and ecological restoration and plant landscape design were carried out using the GI concept. Two climate simulation tools, ENVI-met and WindPerfect DX, were comprehensively adopted to simulate the environment of the site in detail. Based on an analysis of the potential temperature, PMV, wind speed, and UTCI data of the site, it was demonstrated that the plant landscape improved the microclimate of the industrial plant. The results show that the reasonable allocation of plants can effectively reduce surface temperature and building temperature, increase air humidity, alleviate the local heat island effect, and enhance the thermal comfort of the human body. The simulation results highlight the practical application value of the GI concept in improving the ecological benefit, social function, and landscape aesthetics of industrial land. This study provides a new idea for the ecological restoration and environmental optimization of urban industrial land through the combination of green infrastructure and plant landscape design, and emphasizes the important role of green infrastructure in alleviating the urban heat island effect and promoting the sustainable development of urban landscape spaces.

Indoor thermal comfort and VR landscape design of low-energy buildings based on interactive design technology

Indoor thermal comfort and VR landscape design of low-energy buildings based on interactive design technology

The Influence of Urban Landscape Ecology on Emotional Well-Being: A Case Study of Downtown Beijing

This study focuses on downtown Beijing to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of emotions and their influencing factors from the perspective of landscape ecology. The research reveals significant spatial agglomeration in the distribution of emotions, with hot spots primarily concentrated around parks, commercial centers, and areas surrounding social service facilities, such as schools and hospitals. By contrast, historical sites and museums are mostly cold spots for emotions. An analysis of various landscape pattern indices shows that indices such as the spatially explicit index of evenness (SIEI), the largest patch index (LPI), the number of patches (NP), and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (SIDI) are positively correlated with residents’ emotions. This suggests that evenly distributed landscape elements, large natural patches, a rich variety of landscape types, and high landscape diversity can effectively enhance residents’ emotional well-being. Conversely, complex landscape shape indices and high aggregation indices may negatively impact emotions. Based on these findings, it is recommended that urban planning optimize the urban green space system, increase the area and number of natural patches, pay attention to the diversity of landscape design, simplify the shape of the landscape, and reasonably control the aggregation of the landscape to create a more emotionally caring urban space.

Forerunners of the Study and Analysis of the Basics of the Typology of Buildings and Elements of Landscape Architecture of Modern Wellness Centers

The research is dedicated to exploring the impact of landscape architecture on the quality of healthcare in modern wellness centers. The goal of the study was to conduct a literature review on the history of landscape architecture in medical facilities, analyze the findings of a study carried out at a sanatorium in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and develop recommendations for establishing a favorable landscape architecture environment in healthcare settings. The analysis methods employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research results demonstrated that landscape architecture has a positive influence on the quality of healthcare, contributing to patient relaxation and recovery, as well as enhancing the effectiveness of medical personnel. The authors' conclusions underscore the significance of landscape architecture in healthcare facilities and suggest that the development of new landscape architecture projects could substantially enhance the quality of healthcare by providing more comfortable conditions for patients and medical staff.

Exploration into the Practice of Curriculum Teaching Reform for Landscape Architecture in Higher Vocational Education under the “Design-Build” Workshop Model

Through collecting, analyzing and researching the design-build course system and workshop process of domestic and foreign landscape architecture majors, we put forward a design-build workshop operation mode suitable for higher vocational landscape architecture majors, and establish a design-build progressive course system of modular and comprehensive courses. For the comprehensive course “Design Elite Skills Training”, we carried out the curriculum teaching reform, relying on the actual garden project - the future garden of 2022 Shenzhen Bougainvillea Show to carry out the practical teaching of “design-build” workshop, and complete the whole process of the experiment. This will provide a feasible direction for the reform of senior or vocational undergraduate landscape architecture.

Urban Landscape Design Through Landmarks and Vital Design of Urban Areas Integrated with Healthcare Facilities.

Transportation is considered the economic lifeline in town .and as it adds vitality to the area; it cannot acheive the integration of urban services without the availability of the necessary facilities for the urban space with harmonious urban fabric. In this search we adopt the vital design of urban area with landmarks of town.as the meterological tower at the western entrance of Ouzera Town is considered a distinctive architectural style for the design of the University Rectorat in urban harmony with landcape architecture in an ecological environment. The Public squares are designed with an integrated approach to urban fabric and scientific facilities. The center of commerce in Ouzera Town is also designed with a vital approach in which access to services is easy. The vital location of the commercial center ensures the integration of services with facilities of health and its distictive architecture increases the urban value of the place in an urban look with solar panels.