The impact of high-standard farmland construction on fertilizer reduction among farmers from a triple-scale perspective.

Research analyzing Non-Technical Critical Success Factors, especially those related to finance, has not been widely conducted in the field of construction management in developing countries such as Indonesia. This study aims to describe the financial critical success factors of the Jatiluhur Regional SPAM PSN Project Management Phase 1 and to analyze which factors are most dominant. The current study only focuses on the financial aspects of the project CSFs, namely Project Related Factors, Business and Work Environment Related Factors, Client Related Factors, and Project Management Factors. Primary research data were collected through an AHP questionnaire distributed to 5 key informants. The results of the analysis of the financial critical success factors of the Jatiluhur Regional SPAM PSN Project Management Phase 1 show that project-related factors have the highest weight (0.588), followed by client-related factors (0.175), the next factor is project management factors (0.133), land transfer pricing (0.070), and finally business and work environment-related factors. The results of the weighting analysis of the financial critical success factor sub-factors of the Jatiluhur Regional SPAM PSN Project Management Phase 1 showed that the project capital composition sub-factor ranked first in terms of overall importance of the CSF sub-factors of the Jatiluhur Regional SPAM PSN Project Management Phase 1, with a weighting of 0.270 (27%).

Land transfer distortion remains a critical institutional factor in China’s economic landscape, but its impact on labor market efficiency, particularly overeducation, is under-explored. This paper empirically examines the association between land transfer distortion and overeducation using a multilevel linear model (HLM) and combined micro and macroeconomic data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). There are three main findings: (1) Land transfer distortion has a statistically significant positive relationship with the probability of individual overeducation. (2) Overeducation exhibits significant heterogeneity across enterprise ownership types, with State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) showing the highest probability. (3) The correlation between land transfer distortion and overeducation is strongest in SOEs, weaker in private enterprises, and statistically insignificant in foreign-invested enterprises. These findings suggest that optimizing human capital allocation in transition economies requires fundamental market-oriented reforms in land resource distribution to align industrial structures with educational attainment.

Introduction Developing modern agriculture and improving arable land allocation depend on financial support aligned with land-based production. However, rural credit markets in China have long been trapped in a “double bind” of insufficient formal credit supply and high-risk informal lending. Methods Using four waves (2016–2022) of China Family Panel Studies data on landholding households, we examine whether and how digital payment promotes the formalization of rural household finance. Results The results show that digital payment significantly shifts borrowing from informal sources toward banks and other formal institutions. This effect operates mainly through two channels—strengthening demand for formal borrowing and improving access to formal financial products. In doing so, digital payment provides more stable funding for land-related investments such as land transfers and farmland infrastructure. The effect is stronger among financially vulnerable households, underscoring its inclusive nature. Discussion The findings show how digital finance can bridge sustainability and development in dynamic land-use and rural socioeconomic–environmental interactions, and offer policy implications for leveraging digital payment to improve rural financial ecosystems and better coordinate land and financial capital.

Scientific evaluation of spatio-temporal differentiation of landscape ecological risks and identification of driving factors in order to provide reference for regional ecological risk regulation and sustainable development. Based on land use data from 1990 to 2022， the ecosystem service value of the study area was calculated， and the characteristics of changes were analyzed. From the perspective of "loss" and "probability" accumulation， the landscape ecological risk assessment system based on ecosystem service value was constructed. Combined with spatial autocorrelation analysis and Geodetectors， the evolution trend and influencing factors of ecological risks in the areas along the Yellow River in Zhengzhou and Luoyang cities were explored. The results showed that： ① Cultivated land and construction land were advantageous landscape types in the study area. Land use conversion was mainly characterized by the transfer of cultivated land and construction land， while the overall fluctuation of forest land， grassland， and water was minimal. ② Over the past 32 years， the total value of ecosystem services declined， with the spatial distribution characterized by "high values on the north and south sides and low values in the middle." Regional ecosystems were dominated by regulating services， with cultivated land and water contributing the most to the value of ecosystem services. ③ From 2000 to 2022， the landscape ecological risk intensified， with a significant decrease in low risk areas and an increase in high and medium-high risk areas. Low and medium-low value areas were concentrated in the western hilly terrain， and the overall spatial distribution of ecological risk showed a significant positive correlation. ④ The proportion of construction land， nighttime light intensity， and vegetation coverage were the main factors driving changes in landscape ecological risk. During the research period， most of the interactions among the factors were increasing， and the interaction effects between the proportion of built-up land and nighttime light intensity had the most significant impact on landscape ecological risk. The results can provide scientific references for regional ecological risk regulation.

Against the backdrop of rapid development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), the spatiotemporal evolution of Production-Living-Ecological Land (PLEL) in its peri-urban regions has emerged as a critical research focus for achieving regional coordinated development. This study employs Huiyang District as a representative case study area, utilizing multisource geospatial data and analytical methodologies including land use dynamic degree, land transfer matrix, binary logistic regression, and ROC analysis to systematically investigate PLEL’s spatiotemporal evolution patterns and underlying driving mechanisms from 2007 to 2023. The empirical results demonstrate that: (1) During the observation period, aggregate production and ecological land areas exhibited a declining trend, while living land manifested persistent expansion, reflecting accelerated urbanization process and intensified population concentration. Specifically, between 2007 and 2015, production and ecological land areas decreased significantly while living land expanded markedly, reflecting accelerated urbanization. From 2015 to 2023, the decline in production land substantially moderated, whereas ecological land diminution accelerated. Living land maintained a consistent expansion throughout both periods. (2) Spatial analysis revealed a stable concentric pattern emerged, characterized by living land at the urban core, encircled by production land, with ecological land occupying the peripheral zones. Notable land conversion dynamics were observed between ecological and production land, revealing the tension between conservation and development. Living land conversions to other categories remained negligible, with its expansion predominantly sourced from production land, suggesting urban expansion has largely occurred through agricultural land appropriation. (3) Driving factor analysis identified population size as the predominant influence. Following GBA development, the impact of population size on living land expansion intensified. Model validation through ROC curve analysis confirmed robust predictive performance. This research systematically elucidates PLEL’s spatiotemporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms within a GBA peripheral urban unit, thereby contributing scientific insights for territorial spatial optimization in rapidly urbanizing regions.

ABSTRACT In recent years, housing prices have become a focal point of attention in Chinese society, with particular emphasis on the relationship between housing prices in different cities. However, the academic discussion and depth of research on this issue are limited, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This paper, based on the new economic geography theoretical model, incorporates the housing sector and macroeconomic monetary policy variables to enhance the theoretical model of inter-city housing price relationships. Empirically, using baseline regression and introducing various interaction terms, the paper verifies the influencing factors of housing price differentiation and the transmission mechanisms through which monetary policy affects housing price differentiation. The study finds that population, resident income, and land transfer area are crucial factors influencing inter-city housing price differentiation. From the perspective of money supply, the impact of narrow money supply (M1) growth rate is more significant than that of broad money supply (M2), and the greater the difference between them, the more dynamic the real estate market becomes, leading to further widening of inter-city housing price differentiation. This paper contributes to filling gaps in related fields, revealing the mechanism through which residents’ home-buying behavior is influenced by money supply. It provides essential references for government departments to formulate policies that appropriately stabilize investment cycles and guide the flow of money.

In Bangladesh and many other countries worldwide, managing registration and land ownership is extremely difficult. This method is extremely sluggish. Innovation with professional integrity and updated legislation is the key to a smart registration system in a state. An ownership change record from a sub-register office to a central database may not be updated for up to two years. E-procha, already available online and involves e-checking deeds of landed property transfer, will eradicate land transfer fraud and forgery. Comprehensive e-registration and information services, including e-registration of documents, property conveyance alert service, and automatic emutation, will contribute highly to these aspects. The Registration Act of 1908 needs to be reformed, which is a must to fulfill the era’s demands. Erroneous, forged, or twisted deeds result in thousands of civil suits in Bangladesh. An innovative and modern technology-based registration system can help remove the complications of land transactions today. FENI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL, 2024, 3(1), ISSN [2518-3869], PP. (211-222)

As China’s urbanization accelerates, the migration intentions of agricultural migrants have become a key issue in urban-rural development. This study aims to investigate the impact of land resources, personal characteristics, and regional differences on agricultural migrants’ settlement intentions. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and binary logistic regression models are used to examine how these factors influence the migration decisions of agricultural migrants. The results show that land resources significantly impact migration intentions. Groups with larger areas of family land and contracted land are more inclined to stay in rural areas, while groups with limited land resources are more likely to migrate to urban areas. Additionally, personal characteristics such as education level, marital status, and family income significantly affect migration intentions. Specifically, agricultural migrants in eastern regions have a stronger migration intention, while those in western and central regions show more balanced migration intentions. Economic benefits from land transfer and active land markets also encourage agricultural migrants to migrate. This study provides important theoretical insights for optimizing land policies and promoting coordinated urban-rural development in China.

Effects of land transfer on family living standards: evidence from middle-aged and older farmers in China

Solving coordination failures: Collective land transfer rights and rural entrepreneurship

Land registration aims to ensure legal certainty and protection of land rights through the issuance of certificates. Along with technological developments, the Indonesian government has implemented electronic land certificates to improve efficiency in land administration. Nevertheless, this transition has generated new complexities for Land Deed Officials (PPAT) in drafting land transfer deeds. This study aims to analyze the complexity that arises in drafting land transfer deeds after the implementation of electronic land certificates, and how PPATs respond to these challenges in practice. The methodology employed is an empirical juridical approach; this research is based on interviews with PPATs in Bekasi City. The findings indicate that electronic certificates present significant challenges in ensuring the accuracy of both legal subjects and objects in land transfer deeds, primarily due to data limitations and inconsistencies. These complexities hinder PPATs in fulfilling their responsibilities to guarantee legal validity and certainty. The study concludes that the current implementation of electronic certificates has not yet fully achieved its intended objective of legal certainty, thereby underscoring the need for stronger data integration and institutional coordination to support a reliable and accountable land transfer process.

Since 2000, housing prices in China have risen steeply, maintaining high levels similar to those in the US despite China's lower GDP per capita, increasing local residents pressure and challenging the stability of the Chinese financial market. The core issue lies in China's land policy. In China, urban land is owned by the government, and developers must pay land transfer fees to gain usage rights. These fees constitute 30%-50% of housing prices and are a major source of local government revenue, covering about 50% of their income. High land transfer fees are closely linked to local governments' financial needs and the pursuit of land-based fiscal revenue. The high housing prices caused by this have led to serious impacts such as local governments' excessive reliance on land transfer fees, increased debt risks, and low birth rates. This paper explores the causes of China's high housing prices and the issues arising from high land transfer fees and discusses the feasibility of various solutions, like fiscal substitution, to alleviate the current situation.

This study investigates the impact of land mafia practices on land conflicts and disputes in Indonesia and evaluates the potential of electronic land administration policies to enhance legal certainty. Land remains one of the nation’s most strategic resources, yet its governance has been undermined by systemic irregularities and organized criminal practices. Land mafia activities ranging from document forgery and duplicate certificates to collusion with state officials have generated prolonged disputes, eroded public trust in the legal system, and hindered investment in the property and infrastructure sectors. The research employs a normative legal method, focusing on statutory analysis and doctrinal review to identify principles, norms, and legal frameworks relevant to the problem. Primary legal sources include national agrarian legislation and Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN No. 3 of 2023, while secondary and tertiary sources encompass scholarly literature, journal articles, and legal reference materials. This conceptual approach allows for a systematic evaluation of both the challenges posed by land mafia practices and the opportunities offered by digital transformation in land governance. The findings indicate that land mafia practices cause significant legal uncertainty, particularly through falsified and duplicate certificates, which create conflicting ownership claims and protracted litigation. Such conditions not only harm individual landholders but also weaken the national economy by discouraging investment. In response, the government’s introduction of electronic land certificates provides a promising reform, offering enhanced transparency, security, and efficiency in land administration. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including resistance from vested interests, cybersecurity risks, and unequal access to digital platforms. The study concludes that combating land mafia practices requires a comprehensive approach that integrates technological innovation with institutional strengthening, professional accountability, and community participation. The contribution of this research lies in highlighting the normative and policy dimensions of land governance reform, while also identifying critical areas for further interdisciplinary and empirical investigation. By addressing these issues, the study advances the discourse on sustainable, transparent, and equitable land governance in Indonesia.

Enhancing farmers’ enthusiasm for grain cultivation is crucial for ensuring national food security. Based on survey data from the “Double Hundred and Double Thousand” farmers in Jiangxi Province, this study measures farmers’ enthusiasm for grain cultivation through their double-cropping rice cultivation behavior and employs Probit and Tobit models to empirically analyze the impact of farmers’ digital literacy on their enthusiasm for grain cultivation in traditional double-cropping rice production areas of Jiangxi, as well as its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal: (1) Improving farmers’ digital literacy exerts a significantly positive influence on their enthusiasm for grain cultivation, promoting double-cropping rice adoption and expanding cultivation areas in traditional production regions. This conclusion remains robust after rigorous testing. (2) Mechanism analysis identifies three pathways: accelerating farmland transfer-in, facilitating the utilization of agricultural machinery socialization services, and promoting the adoption of green grain production technologies, through which enhanced digital literacy drives double-cropping rice cultivation and elevates cultivation enthusiasm. (3) Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the positive effect of digital literacy on double-cropping rice cultivation is more pronounced among farmers with higher educational attainment and the level of household part-time farming. Therefore, policies should prioritize elevating farmers’ overall digital literacy, narrowing digital capability gaps, refining land transfer procedures and mechanisms, leveraging the advantages of farmers’ cooperatives, and advancing the dissemination of agricultural machinery socialization services and green grain production technologies.

The significant transformation of agricultural production and operation models has reshaped the supply-demand structure of rural land, providing growth opportunities for new agricultural management entities characterized by large-scale operation. Their large-scale land demand has directly driven an upward trend in the transfer prices of contracted land management rights. By analyzing this practical phenomenon, this study explores the intrinsic logic behind the rising transfer prices of contracted land management rights under the participation of new agricultural management entities, aiming to provide references for further regulating the formation mechanism of transfer prices and promoting the healthy development of the land transfer market. Based on the sample survey data of farmers from the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China, this study adopts the cluster-robust Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model and moderating effect model for analysis. The results show that the participation of new agricultural management entities exerts a positive impact on the transfer price of contracted land management rights; the impact of new agricultural management entities’ participation on the transfer price is positively moderated by agricultural production efficiency; and the impact also presents heterogeneity across different villages and land parcels. Compared with remote villages and paddy parcels, the participation of new agricultural management entities has a more significant impact on the transfer price of contracted land management rights in township-adjacent villages and dryland parcels. Therefore, to reasonably standardize the transfer price of contracted land management rights, efforts should focus on further strengthening policy guidance to standardize the participation mechanism of new agricultural management entities, regulating the transfer market to establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for transfer prices, and strengthening the training and guidance for new agricultural management entities to connect and drive farmers so as to improve the agricultural production efficiency of individual farmers.

The Land Deed Official (PPAT) plays a crucial role in ensuring the validity of land rights transfers by issuing authentic deeds. However, in practice, this authority can be abused through fraudulent modus operandi that employ such deeds as instruments of criminal acts, as illustrated by the land mafia case involving Mbah Tupon. The legal issues that arise include the juridical accountability of PPATs involved in issuing land transfer deeds through fraudulent modus operandi, as well as the effectiveness of supervisory and guidance mechanisms in preventing similar practices. This study aims to analyse the forms of PPAT accountability from the perspectives of civil, criminal, and administrative law, as well as to examine the ideal models of supervision and guidance for preventing land mafia practices. The research method employed is normative juridical with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, linking land law norms with the professional ethics of PPATs. The results of the study indicate that PPATs involved in fraudulent modus operandi may be held cumulatively liable under all three legal regimes. However, weaknesses in internal supervision systems and the lack of strict administrative sanctions remain loopholes that allow such violations to occur. Reforming supervision policies, strengthening the role of the PPAT Supervisory Council, and digitising the deed-making process are strategic measures to prevent abuse of authority and provide effective legal protection for landowners.

The issue of nominee agreements in Indonesia poses challenges in balancing the promotion of foreign investment with the protection of land sovereignty. Despite strict legal prohibitions, this practice continues to flourish and creates uncertainty in legal doctrine and agrarian governance. This study aims to analyse the legal status of nominee agreements under Indonesian positive law, particularly in the context of Law No. 25 of 2007 on Investment (UUPM), and to evaluate the legal consequences of land ownership by foreign investors through this mechanism. This study uses a normative juridical approach, referring to primary legal sources such as the UUPM, the 1960 Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), and the 2007 Limited Liability Company Law (UUPT), as well as secondary and tertiary literature. The results of the study show that nominee agreements are prohibited in the context of corporations based on the UUPM and UUPT, and are therefore null and void from the outset. However, the absence of specific regulations on land ownership creates a legal vacuum that allows this practice to continue. Nominee agreements fulfil the subjective elements of an agreement but fail to fulfil the legal causes according to the Civil Code, making them legally invalid but still operating in practice. This poses legal and social risks for foreign investors and local nominees and has an impact on agrarian justice and the credibility of the national investment system. This study emphasises the importance of regulatory harmonisation and consistent law enforcement to strengthen legal certainty and maintain state sovereignty over land in accordance with Indonesia's constitutional mandate.

To solidly promote common prosperity, the most arduous and heavy task still lies in rural areas. Agricultural insurance, as an important tool for supporting and benefiting agriculture, is of great significance in narrowing the income gap among farmers and achieving common prosperity in rural areas. This article uses survey data from 632 households in Shandong Province to empirically test the impact and mechanism of agricultural insurance on income inequality among farmers. It has been found that purchasing agricultural insurance can alleviate income inequality within farmers. This impact is achieved through three pathways: promoting the transfer of agricultural land, easing credit constraints, and optimizing labor resource allocation. Further research has found that purchasing agricultural insurance can significantly suppress income inequality among households in the dependency and stable periods, while having no impact on households in other stages of their life cycle. To promote common prosperity, this article believes that we should continue to promote the “expansion” of agricultural insurance, strengthen the coordination and cooperation between agricultural insurance and other agricultural support policies, and promote the differentiation of agricultural insurance products.

The article examines the key features of the current mechanism for involving abandoned agricultural land in turnover, including taking into account the experience of implementing the relevant State Program. An assessment of this mechanism and the specifics of its formation is given, and it is proposed to supplement it with tax regulators. It is pointed out that there is insufficient land management support for both measures under the State Program and the allocation of unclaimed land shares to the plots transferred to the municipalities. In order to speed up the work on the redevelopment of abandoned lands, it is proposed to allow only such agricultural organizations and farmers who are already engaged in agricultural production to bid on them, and it is also inappropriate to apply general requirements for limiting land concentration to the relevant lots. The expediency of conducting land management inventories is indicated – this is the most reliable and objective way to identify abandoned land. An assessment was given of the introduction of a "second key" (federal) in the preparation of regional decisions on the transfer of agricultural land to other target categories, and the need for early completion of the coordination and adoption of a new version of the Law on Land use planning was noted, and a number of its substantive provisions were proposed.