Acidophilus Research Articles

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves complex neurodevelopmental interactions between the gastrointestinal tract, gut microbiota, and brain function. Growing evidences implicated that bidirectional microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling in ASD pathophysiology. This study examines how Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC-4356) alters behavioral phenotypes in a valproic acid-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of autism. The MIA model was intraperitoneally injected with valproic acid, while controls were intraperitoneally injected with saline. Behavioral testing showed that repetitive, stereotyped, anxiety-like, and social behaviors were significantly improved (P < 0.05) after L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) intragastric administration for seven weeks. Western blot analysis demonstrated that tight junction proteins (Claudin 1, Claudin 3, Occludin, and ZO) were highly expressed in the L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) group versus the autism model (P < 0.05), suggesting enhanced intestinal barrier integrity. Inflammatory factor concentrations in both colon and hippocampus were markedly reduced in the L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) group (P < 0.05). Gut microbiota sequencing showed significant increases of microbial diversity and richness in the L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) group (P < 0.05). Hippocampal immunofluorescence revealed higher NeuN-, Ki67-, and BrdU-positive cell counts in the L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) group (P < 0.05). Results suggest that L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) ameliorates autistic-like behaviors, potentially through modulation of intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, results showed that therapeutic efficacy was reduced by L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) in autism after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota In this paper, the results showed that L. acidophilus (ATCC-4356) improves autism-like behaviors by modulating gut barrier function.

Pulp therapy is a widely used treatment for cariously exposed asymptomatic primary teeth. Formocresol (FC) has traditionally been considered the standard treatment for pulpotomy, but its safety has raised concerns in recent years. Consequently, various alternative materials were explored and proposed. The purpose of this study is to compare the anti-bacterial effects of three pulp capping materials against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The antibacterial effect of the three pulp capping materials was evaluated using the agar diffusion method, Group I; MTA, Group II: amniotic Membrane, Group III: hyaluronic acid against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. A statistically significant difference was observed among the tested groups. MTA exhibited the largest inhibition zone (18.25 ± 1.71mm) against E.faecalis, followed by the amniotic membrane (11.75 ± 3.86mm), while hyaluronic acid showed no antibacterial activity.Similarly, a significant difference was observed in inhibition zones among the tested groups against Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.001), where MTA showed the highest inhibitory effect (13.50 ± 1.2mm), followed by hyaluronic acid (12.00 ± 0.82mm), whereas the amniotic membrane exhibited no antibacterial effect. Lactobacillus acidophilus was not affected by any of the tested materials in terms of antibacterial activity. MTA and the amniotic membrane demonstrated effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis, while hyaluronic acid showed no antibacterial activity against this strain. Both MTA and HA exert antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans, whereas the amniotic membrane had no effect. The tested materials were ineffective against Lactobacillus acidophilus, which showed resistance. Overall, MTA displayed the strongest antibacterial effect among the tested groups.

The article presents the results of studying the technological properties and the ability to synthesize exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria isolated from domestic traditional fermented milk products. The strains were identified using the MALDI-TOF MS and API 50CHL methods. All tested strains showed the ability to grow in milk. After 24 hours of incubation, they formed a homogeneous, dense consistency, reminiscent of yogurt, and had a pleasant aroma characteristic of fermented dairy products. It should be noted that, according to technological parameters, the strains Lactobacillus acidophilus 3.7 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 3.10 demonstrated the best results: the total number of cells was 3.6 ± 2.3 × 10⁸ and 1.8 ± 4.0 × 10⁹ CFU/ml, respectively, and the pH values were 3.6 and 3.7. It was found that of the nine cultures studied, eight strains showed positive exopolysaccharide – producing activity. These strains were selected for the subsequent assessment of probiotic properties for their use in further research.According to the results of the screening, it was shown that the Lb strain, paracasei 4.2, showed high exopolysaccharide-producing activity.

The present study aimed to explore microbial production of neurotransmitters related to cognitive function in the faecal microbiota of healthy older adults, and assess whether a multi-strain probiotic formula may influence production of these neuroactive metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and the bacterial community. The current study employed a three-stage continuous culture system with faecal microbiota from three healthy older adult donors. Neuroactive compounds were quantified using liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy, SCFAs using gas chromatography, and the bacterial community was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow cytometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. Addition of the probiotic supplement (Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactobacillus casei W56, Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactococcus lactis W19, Lactococcus lactis W58) significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactococcus lactis in the transverse region, alongside a trend for increased Roseburia across the three colon regions modelled, valerate in the distal region and GABA in the proximal region. Whilst administration of the probiotic only had a small effect of trending increases in the synthesis of GABA and valerate, this highlights important mechanisms by which probiotics could be involved in the gut-brain axis. The model also enabled the observation of limited microbial production of other neurotransmitters. Further exploration in human studies is therefore warranted. Probiotics were confirmed to lead to microbial changes, both directly (Lactococcus) and indirectly (Roseburia). This research helps to support mechanistic understanding of probiotics and the gut brain axis.

ABSTRACTFunctional beverages enriched with Boswellia serrata (frankincense) and Pistacia atlantica, alone or combined with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus) and prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides, FOS), were evaluated for their impact on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats over 45 days. The beverages significantly modulated fecal microbiota by increasing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and reducing Escherichia coli and coliform counts. The synbiotic formulation containing Pistacia atlantica, probiotics, and prebiotics produced the most notable effects, achieving the highest LAB counts (log 7.51 cfu/g) and the lowest E. coli (log 3.72 cfu/g) and coliform counts (log 4.02 cfu/g). This formulation also led to marked reductions in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), while elevating high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Improved probiotic viability during 28‐day refrigerated storage further highlighted the protective role of prebiotics. These outcomes are attributed to the synergistic effects of phenolic and terpenoid compounds (e.g., α‐pinene, limonene) and gut microbiota‐mediated mechanisms, including short‐chain fatty acid production. Overall, synbiotic beverages incorporating Pistacia atlantica and Boswellia serrata show strong potential as functional dietary interventions to enhance gut health, reduce hypercholesterolemia, and extend probiotic shelf life, offering promising applications in the development of natural therapeutic beverages.

ABSTRACT Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is characterized by joint inflammation and is frequently associated with psoriasis. Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in PsA pathogenesis, raising interest in probiotics as potential immunomodulatory agents. In a pilot, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, 14 adults aged 18–60 years with mild‐to‐moderate psoriatic arthritis (PsA; Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis [DAPSA] &lt; 28) were randomized to receive either probiotic capsules or placebo daily for 12 weeks. The probiotic group received a multi‐strain cocktail with a total concentration of 1 × 10 9 CFU (including Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus casei , Lactobacillus helveticus , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Lactobacillus bulgaricus , Lactobacillus gasseri , Bifidobacterium lactis , Bifidobacterium longum , and Streptococcus thermophilus ). The placebo group received lactose‐based inert capsules for the same period. Immune cell populations (CD4 + IFN‐γ T cells, B cells, Th2 cells) and cytokine levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐10, TGF‐β, IL‐4) were assessed. Compared with the placebo, probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in CD4 + IFN‐γ T cells (6% ± 0.82 vs. 3.6% ± 0.8; p &lt; 0.001), B cells (14.6% ± 1.05 vs. 8.9% ± 1.7; p &lt; 0.0001), and IFN‐γ concentrations (37.5 ± 2.4 pg/mL vs. 29.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL, p = 0.016). In addition, a significant increase was observed in IL‐10 (9.4 ± 2.8 pg/mL vs. 99.89 ± 28.1 pg/mL, p = 0.0032), TGF‐β (18.1 ± 2.7 pg/mL vs. 30.48 ± 7.7 pg/mL, p = 0.0073), and IL‐4 (17.6 ± 6.7 pg/mL vs. 58.3 ± 29.2 pg/mL, p = 0.0117). Changes in Th2 cell levels were not statistically significant ( p = 0.54). A multi‐strain probiotic demonstrated promising immunomodulatory effects in PsA by reducing pro‐inflammatory markers and enhancing regulatory cytokines that can be used as a complementary or alternative treatment for PsA patients. Trial Registration: IRCT20221213056802N1

Discovery of a novel antibacterial protein from Lactobacillus acidophilus using integrated genomic mining, molecular dynamics, and functional assays

Anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics in patients with Blastocystis spp. infection.

Zero-valent iron coupled with lactic acid bacteria enhances the degradation of p-Nitrophenol in an anoxic-oxic alternated system.

Ulcerative colitis disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by exacerbations and remissions. Its underlying pathogenesis is an interplay between genetic, environmental factors and gut microbiota. 40 adult Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into 4 groups; group I (normal control). Group II (ulcerative colitis): received intra-colonic instillation of acetic acid 4% to induce colonic inflammation and ulceration. Group III (14-days probiotic protected): received oral probiotics (135 mg/kg BW), once daily for 14 days prior to the procedure of induction of ulcerative colitis. Group IV (28-days probiotic protected): received oral probiotics in the same dose as group III, once daily, for 28 days prior to induction of ulcerative colitis. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after intra-colonic administration of acetic acid. Colonic mucosa elicited extensive ulceration and sloughing in group II; mucosal thickness was decreased and crypt abscesses were formed, whereas NF-kB expression was upregulated, and GPx and SOD enzymes were depleted in colonic tissue. Groups III and IV showed regained intestinal crypts with intact mucosa; NF-kB expression and GPx tissue levels were significantly improved in group IV, compared to groups II and III. Oral use of lactobacillus acidophilus can reduce the severity and progression of ulcerative colitis disease, and support gut integrity.

Comparative analysis of thermal and ultrasound inactivation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5: Viability by flow cytometry and plate count, and postbiotic functional properties.

Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus JYLA-126 improves metabolic outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is gaining recognition for being both sustainable and economical. Calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles, known for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, can be synthesised using plant-based materials like coriander leaf extract, which acts as a natural reducing and stabilising agent. Aim: The present study aimed to synthesise CaO nanoparticles using coriander leaf extract and evaluate their antibacterial particularly against oral pathogens. Methods: An eco-friendly synthesis method was employed using coriander leaf extract to produce CaO nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised using FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. FTIR analysis revealed hydroxyl group stretching vibrations at 3321.46 cm-1 and 3781.88 cm-1. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline cubic phase of CaO with prominent peaks at 25.51°, 31.77°, 37.94°, 45.48°, 48.24°, 54.41°, 55.24°, 68.95°, 70.51°, and 75.11°. SEM images showed agglomerated spherical particles with diameters between 70 and 95 nm. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Streptococcus pyogenes, Lactobacillus sp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The green-synthesised CaO nanoparticles demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, especially against Streptococcus pyogenes and Lactobacillus sp. The antibiofilm analysis also indicated favourable results, supporting their potential in biomedical applications. Conclusion: Coriander-mediated green synthesis of CaO nanoparticles offers a viable route for developing antibacterial agents. The nanoparticles showed significant effectiveness against oral pathogens, highlighting their potential for use in oral healthcare formulations. Major Findings: Coriandrum sativum leaf extract was used to synthesize spherical, crystalline CaO nanoparticles (20–50 nm) through a green, eco-friendly method. The CaO-NPs exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus by disrupting cell walls and generating ROS. FTIR confirmed phytochemical involvement in nanoparticle stabilization, and cytotoxicity assays indicated good biocompatibility.

The production of a functional ingredient (FI) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356) immobilised in oat bran was designed and optimised. The effects of the independent variables, incubation time and hydration level, were analysed and optimised to simultaneously maximise the cell count and growth, as well as the yield of the obtained FI and the resistance of the probiotic to simulated gastric conditions after 7 days of storage at 25°C, minimising pH and nutrient loss (proteins and carbohydrates) in the washing water. The optimal design conditions found were 60h of incubation and 13 mL of water/g oat bran. The growth kinetics of L. acidophilus was determined for the optimal system, showing no lag phase and the maximum specific growth rate (µmax) of 1.1 ± 0.1h- 1. The system with an optimal hydration level (13 mL/g oat bran) and 36h of fermentation was selected for being scaled-up in one order of magnitude. A reduction in cell growth, in the FI yield, and an increase in the value of the titratable acidity of the recovered supernatants were observed. During the fermentation, the acids produced were mainly lactic acid followed by acetic acid. It must be highlighted that the fermentation process proposed, reduced the initial oxalic acid content in oat bran. The production of FI based on oat bran containing L. acidophilus represented a sustainable process that also improved the nutritional aspects of the raw material. Oat bran could be by itself an adequate support for L. acidophilus storage stabilisation.

This study reports the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) using four newly isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria, molecularly identified as Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The synthesized Se-NPs were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The result revealed that their size ranged from 16 nm to 90 nm with favorable stability and purity. The Se-NPs exhibited significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against certain Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans, particularly those produced by isolate S4, which showed the lowest MIC values and highest biofilm inhibition. Furthermore, MTT assays revealed selective cytotoxicity against the A549 cancerous lung cell line, with minimal toxicity toward normal Wi38 cells. These findings suggest that biosynthesized Se-NPs are a promising, biocompatible candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections.

This study investigated the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, and probiotic viability of millet–soybean-based snack bars enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Snack bars were formulated using millet, soybean, dates, cashew nuts, and date syrup, with probiotics encapsulated in tempered chocolate. Proximate analysis showed that the probiotic snack bar (PSB) contained the highest protein (22.05±0.37 %), fat (12.23±0.38 %), and fibre (12.63 ±0.97 %) contents, alongside reduced carbohydrate levels (38.96±0.54%) compared to millet–soy (MSB) and oat-based control (OSB) bars. Energy values ranged between 343.64±1.91 and 354.05±0.61 kcal/100 g, with PSB recording the highest. Total phenolic content was significantly higher in PSB (24.99±0.41 mg/100 g), accompanied by enhanced antioxidant activity (DPPH: 92.66%; ABTS: 79.54%). A strong positive correlation was observed between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Viability tests revealed that L. acidophilus in PSB maintained counts above 10⁶ CFU/g at production but declined significantly after five days of refrigerated storage. These results indicate that probiotic millet–soy snack bars are nutrient-dense functional foods with potential antioxidant benefits, though probiotic viability requires optimization for extended shelf life.

Plant-derived compounds have emerged as potential alternatives to traditional antimicrobials in livestock; however, their application may be limited by degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Nanoliposome encapsulation offers a strategy to overcome these limitations. In this study, we investigated the effects of nerolidol encapsulation, by evaluating the antimicrobial activity of free-nerolidol (NER), nerolidol-loaded nanoliposomes (LN), and unloaded nanoliposomes (UN) (Lipobox™) using a Time-Kill assay. The cytotoxicity of these formulations was assessed through MTT assay on swine and bovine cell lines. NER was effective against MRSA, Enterococcus faecium , and Lactobacillus acidophilus at all time points, at concentrations ≥62.5, ≥15.63 and ≥1,000 μg/ml, respectively, but was ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria Conversely, LN and UN were effective against all bacteria, showing the best activity at 2,500 μg/ml. LN showed the greatest activity against MRSA up to 6 h while UN on E. faecium up to 4 h ( P &amp;lt; 0.05). No difference between LN and UN on Salmonella Typhimurium up to 24 h and on E. coli up to 6 h at this concentration ( P &amp;gt; 0.05) was observed. For L. acidophilus , both LN and UN were effective up to 6 h even at the lowest concentration (9.77 μg/ml). NER showed high cytotoxicity on MDBK and IPEC-J2 cells at all doses; while LN and UN were low-toxic at concentrations ≤ 1,250 μg/ml or ≤ 625 μg/ml, respectively. These results suggest that nanoliposomes themselves exhibit dose-dependent antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity; however, when NER is encapsulated its spectrum of activity its enhanced.

This study evaluated the physical and sensory characteristics of millet-soy-based snack bars enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus. The bars were formulated using steamed and rolled millet, processed soybean, chopped cashew nuts, chopped dates, and date syrup as binder, with a probiotic component encapsulated in tempered chocolate. Physical attributes assessed included colour (L*, a*, b*), weight, and yield, while sensory evaluation covered appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Results showed that probiotic millet-soy snack bars (PSB) had significantly higher weight (28.33 – 38.00 g) and yield (0.92 – 1) compared to both the plain millet-soy bar (MSB) and an oat-based control (OSB). Objective colour analysis indicated that OSB had the lightest colour profile, while PSB had increased red values due to chocolate inclusion (30.21 – 40.93, 8.32 – 14.27 and 12.29 – 21.40 for L, a* and b* values respectively). Sensory results revealed that PSB was rated highest in taste and overall acceptability. The study concludes that millet-soy snack bars, particularly those enriched with probiotics, possess favourable physical properties and consumer appeal, highlighting their potential as nutritious functional snacks.

Hyperlipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Although effective, current pharmacological interventions such as statins are often limited by adverse effects, including muscular pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and increased risk of insulin resistance. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring safer, natural alternatives that can modulate lipid metabolism with minimal side effects. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of a combined intervention using bacterial lysates derived from Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus alongside an extract of Physalis peruviana in a rat model of diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six experimental groups and treated for 7weeks: (1) standard diet (normal control), (2) high-fat diet (HFD, hyperlipidemic control), (3) HFD + Physalis peruviana extract, (4) HFD + bacterial lysate mixture, (5) HFD + Physalis peruviana extract and bacterial lysate mixture, and (6) HFD + atorvastatin (reference drug). Lipid profiles, liver and kidney function markers, and hepatic antioxidant levels were assessed. Histopathological analyses of cardiac and hepatic tissues were also conducted. The combination of bacterial lysates and Physalis peruviana extract significantly reduced (p < 0.05) body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) while significantly increasing (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This treatment also led to notable improvements in hepatic and renal function markers and enhanced hepatic antioxidant activity. Histological examination revealed reduced inflammation in cardiac and hepatic tissues of the combination-treated group, comparable to the effects observed with atorvastatin. The co-administration of Lactobacillus bacterial lysates and Physalis peruviana extract exhibited pronounced hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, effectively mitigating diet-induced hyperlipidemia and associated organ dysfunction. These findings highlight the potential of this natural therapeutic approach as a functional alternative to conventional lipid-lowering agents in managing hyperlipidemia.

Gut dysbiosis and gut-brain-axis involvement in people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) support the use of gut-microbiota-modulating interventions. Probiotics may help manage constipation in PwP; however, mechanisms underpinning additional beneficial properties are unknown. The aim was evaluating the effects of a probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium) on gut microbiota, inflammation, motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PwP and constipation. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT05146921), PwP and constipation were randomized (1:1) to receive either the probiotic (4.08 × 108 CFU/mL) or placebo orally (70 mL/day) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the differential abundance of gut microbiota taxa between baseline and end-of-treatment in the active versus placebo group. Secondary/exploratory endpoints included changes in inflammatory cytokines plasma levels, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) plasma and fecal levels, motor and NMS outcomes after 12 weeks. A per-protocol analysis was performed. Between July 17, 2019 and February 6, 2022, 74 participants were randomized. Data from 35 (probiotic) and 33 (placebo) participants were analyzed. Enrichments of bacteria with beneficial health-related properties (Odoribacteraceae, Enterococcaceae, and Blautia faecicola) were observed in the active group compared to placebo (P ≤ 0.05). Proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α plasma levels decreased with probiotic treatment and increased with placebo (P < 0.05). No changes in SCFAs levels were observed. Reductions in time-to-on and NMS scale scores (P < 0.05) were observed only in the active group. This probiotic was effective in beneficially enriching the gut microbiota with potential to reduce systemic inflammation, shortening time-to-on following levodopa administration, and alleviating NMS burden in PwP experiencing constipation. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.