Lactated Ringer Solution Research Articles

Evaluation of Platonia insignis Mart. (Bacuri Butter) and Biopolymers from the Puree of Allium cepa L. (Yellow Onion Bulb) for Wound Healing in Horses.

Background/Objectives: Skin injuries are common in the equine clinical practice, requiring effective treatment to support natural healing. Bacuri butter is gaining attention for its potential in wound healing and its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Natural polymers such as onion (Allium cepa) bioplastics have been investigated for their potential as occlusive dressings and for tissue regeneration. Methods: This study evaluated the healing process of experimentally induced skin wounds on horses treated with bacuri butter, washed onion film, and unwashed onion film. Clinical and histopathological analyses of the wounds were conducted in six clinically healthy horses over 28 days, with a control group receiving Ringer's lactate solution. The onion films were produced and characterized for their chemical structure and properties, while the bacuri butter was sourced and prepared for application. Results: All treatments, including the control group, promoted wound healing without relevant differences in wound contraction rates, gross aspect, or histopathological parameters. Conclusions: Therefore, despite minor variations observed in the clinical evaluations between the treatment groups, the bacuri butter or onion biopolymer showed no significant healing effect on skin wounds in horses. Additionally, this study showed the potential of equine models in testing novel therapeutic approaches for wound healing, benefiting both veterinary and human medicine.

ABCs of base therapy in neonatology: role of acetate, bicarbonate, citrate and lactate.

Metabolic acidosis is common in preterm and term newborn infants and may be attributed to a variety of etiologies, potentially requiring base therapy such as acetate or bicarbonate. However, concerns exist regarding potential harm of sodium bicarbonate due to intracellular acidosis, fluctuations in cerebral blood flow, and osmolar load with rapid infusions, with no improvement in survival when used during resuscitation. Alternative approaches to correct metabolic acidosis include the addition of acetate in parenteral nutrition, intravenous lactated Ringer's (LR) solution, and use of oral citrate. Current guidelines focus on addressing the underlying cause of acidosis, reserving the use of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) for severe cases requiring acute correction, LR instead of saline for volume boluses and using acetate or citrate for slow correction to stabilize acid-base status. Further research is necessary to better understand the efficacy and safety of acetate, NaHCO3, and other base sources in treating metabolic acidosis in neonates.

Nanotube formation and coating of hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol-collagen composite on Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy

Abstract Ti-6Al-4V metal is widely used as an implantable material due to its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance; however, it has low bioactive properties. The formation of nanotubes and a hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol-collagen composite coating on Ti-6Al-4V metal aims to enhance its biocompatibility and bioactivity. The nanotube oxide layer Ti-6Al-4V was formed by the anodization method. The composite’s infrared spectrum showed characteristic absorption bands from Hydroxyapatite (HAp), polyvinyl alcohol, and collagen. The composite-coated Ti-6Al-4V metal, both non-nanotube, and nanotube, showed a typical diffraction pattern of HAp and titanium element. The electron microscope image showed the uniform granular form of HAp. The corrosion test results showed that composite-coated nanotube Ti-6Al-4V metal could not improve corrosion resistance. It is also relevant to the in vitro test in a lactate ringer solution that showed the higher Ca2+ ion of nanotube Ti-6Al-4V metal than that of non-nanotube Ti-6Al-4V metal.

Artesunate Alleviates Chronic Hyperoxia-induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia by Suppressing NF-κB Pathway in Neonatal Mice.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung condition that occurs in premature infants who undergo prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. Existing treatment methods have shown limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Artesunate (AS) is a compound known for its potential anti-inflammatory properties, and studies have shown its protective effects against acute lung injury. However, its impact on BPD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AS on chronic hyperoxiainduced BPD in neonatal mice. Full-term C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the Air+lactate Ringer's solution (L/R) group, O2 + L/R group, and O2 + AS group. Analysis was performed using assay methods such as ELISA, RT-qPCR, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Western blotting. Compared with the O2+L/R group, the expression of inflammatory factors in the serum, tissue, and BALF of the O2+AS group was significantly reduced, the lung function of the mice was improved, and the inflammatory infiltrates were significantly alleviated. AS inhibited the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in mice. We found that the expression of nuclear p65 and cytoplasmic p-IκBα in the NF-κB pathway was inhibited after adding AS. AS ameliorated chronic hyperoxia-induced BPD in neonatal mice probably by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB pathway and inflammatory factors.

Sidestream dark field video microscopy demonstrates shelf-stable blood products preserve the endothelial glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

To utilize sidestream dark field video microscopic technology to evaluate the endothelium in a canine hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model. 6 purpose-bred adult dogs were anesthetized, instrumented, and subjected to hemorrhagic shock from September 2021 through June 2022. Each dog was resuscitated with 5 resuscitation strategies in an experimental crossover design study: (1) lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution; (2) canine chilled whole blood (CWB); (3) canine fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed RBCs (pRBC); (4) canine freeze-dried plasma (FDP) and hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC); or (5) HBOC/FDP and canine lyophilized platelets. Sidestream dark field video microscopic evaluation was performed at 5 time points: commencement, after hemorrhage, after shock, after resuscitation (T135), and conclusion (T180). There was a significant difference between the perfused boundary region (PBR) measurements when comparing the LRS/HES resuscitation arm to the CWB and FFP/pRBC resuscitation arms at T180. A significant difference in PBR was appreciated in the LRS/HES arm at T135 and T180 compared to its baseline. No other significant differences in PBR were appreciated when resuscitation arms were compared longitudinally or to each other. Shelf-stable blood products preserved the endothelial glycocalyx similarly to CWB and pRBC/FFP as evaluated by sidestream dark field video microscopy. Lactated Ringer and HES solutions did not adequately preserve the endothelial glycocalyx compared to CWB and pRBC/FFP. Shelf-stable blood products are a viable option to preserve the endothelial glycocalyx when used during hemorrhagic resuscitation in dogs.

The Effect of Seminal Plasma on the Equine Endometrial Transcriptome.

The establishment of pregnancy involves a fine-tuned balance between protection and tolerance within the maternal immune system, as the female needs to accept a foreign antigen (the semi-allogenic fetus) while still being able to combat pathogens from the uterus. In the horse, the first uterine exposure to paternal antigens is during mating when sperm is introduced to the tissue and draining lymphatics of the uterus. Additionally, it has been suggested that seminal plasma and its proteins within it play an essential role in preparing the female tract for a suitable immunologic environment but this has not been confirmed in the horse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the endometrial transcriptome following insemination either with seminal plasma or with reduced seminal plasma. We hypothesised that reduced seminal plasma would alter the endometrial transcriptome and affect transcripts relating to immunotolerance, antigen presentation and embryo growth and development. To do so, six (n = 6) mares were inseminated in a randomised switch-back design over the course of four oestrous cycles. Mares were rectally palpated and scanned via ultrasonography for the detection of a pre-ovulatory follicle (>35 mm) alongside increasing uterine oedema and relaxed cervix, and then treated with one of four treatment groups including (1) 30 mL lactated Ringers solution (LRS; NegCon), (2) 500 × 106 spermatozoa in conjunction with 30 mL seminal plasma (SP+), (3) 30 mL lactated Ringers solution (LRS; wash out) and (4) 500 × 106 spermatozoa with seminal plasma reduced via gradient centrifugation and resuspended in 30 mL LRS (SP-). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered to standardise the time to ovulation and endometrial biopsies were collected 7 days after insemination. RNA was isolated utilising Trizol, and RNA-Seq was performed by Novogene, with 97.79% total mapping and 40 million read depth. p value was set to <0.05. When comparing SP+ to SP-, 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Biological processes impacted included antigen processing and regulation, cholesterol synthesis, and immune/inflammatory response. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis using DAVID v6.8 revealed that many of these DEGs were involved in biological process such as antigen presentation (HLA-DM beta chain, HLA-DRB, HLA-DQA and RASGRP1), immune cell signalling (CXCL9, CXCL1, DEFB1 and MIP-2B), embryo growth and development (INHA, KLF2, RDH10, LAMA3 and SLC34A2) and embryo metabolism (ABCA1, ABCA2, APOA1, LDL, INSR, IGFBP2 and IGFBP3). Overall, reduction of seminal plasma from the insemination dose impacted the endometrial transcriptome at the time of early embryonic exposure to the uterine environment. Further work is justified to evaluate these alterations impact on embryo maturation, placental development, pregnancy outcome and development of offspring.

The mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi-1 protected organ function and extended the treatment window in rats with uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock.

To elucidate whether the application of the mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi-1 can protect organ function and prolong the treatment window for traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Before definitive haemostasis treatment, Mdivi-1 (0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) was administered to uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock (UHS) model rats. Lactate Ringer's solution plus hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) was used as a control. The effects of Mdivi-1 on blood loss, fluid demand, survival time, vital organ function, myocardial mitochondrial structure, and mitochondrial function of the heart, liver, kidney and intestine, and oxidative stress at 1 hour after hypotensive resuscitation (50-60 mmHg) were investigated. In addition, we investigated the effect of varying doses of Mdivi-1 on the maintenance time of hypotensive resuscitation without definitive haemostasis and the beneficial effect of Mdivi-1 after prolonging the duration of hypotensive resuscitation to 2 hours. Compared to conventional resuscitative fluid, Mdivi-1 significantly reduced blood loss and fluid demand, improved important organ functions during hypotensive resuscitation, improved animal survival and reduced the incidence of early death. Mdivi-1 significantly alleviated oxidative stress injury, reduced mitochondrial damage and restored myocardial mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial function of the heart, liver, kidney and intestine. In addition, Mdivi-1 increased the maintenance time of hypotensive resuscitation and improved rat survival after the duration of hypotensive resuscitation was prolonged to 2 h. Mdivi-1 significantly prolonged the treatment window for traumatic hemorrhagic shock to 2 hours in UHS model rats. The underlying mechanism may be that Mdivi-1 inhibits excessive mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress and improves the structure and function of mitochondria.

Treatment of temporomandibular joint internal derangement using MESNA injection

IntroductionThe development of temporomandibular disorders specifically emphasizes the biochemical changes occurring in the synovial fluid at different stages of temporomandibular joint disease. Research has indicated that inflammation may be a primary reason behind the pain and dysfunction in temporomandibular joint diseases. Since its clearance several years ago, MESNA (sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) has been used in various formulations as a mucolytic drug in the respiratory domain. It operates by disrupting the disulfide bonds present between polypeptide chains within mucus. MESNA exhibits minimal tissue distribution, with the material being swiftly and thoroughly eliminated via the kidneys.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of injecting MESNA directly into the Temporomandibular Joint to treat internal derangement.Materials and methodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted on sixty patients who exhibited non-responsiveness to conventional treatment and were diagnosed with TMJ anterior disc displacement with reduction. The patients were chosen from the outpatient clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Tanta University Faculty of Dentistry. Two equal groups of patients were randomly assigned to each other. Group I (Mesna group) received intra-articular injection with MESNA solution. Group II (Standard group) received arthrocentesis with lactated ringer solution followed by injection of Hyaluronic Acid (HA). The data was gathered by functional examinations such as maximum interincisal opening (MIO) and clicking. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) assessed pain severity before and after treatments.ResultsBoth MESNA and HA showed significant improvement up to six months of the follow-up compared to preoperative status, as evidenced by better mouth opening, lateral excursion, lower clicking, and reduced pain score in patients with TMDs. MESNA showed significant improvement during follow-up compared to HA.ConclusionCompared to HA, MESNA showed a more noticeable improvement during the follow-up period.

Nutritional management of hyperlipaemia in a jenny: a brief report

An adult jenny (5-years-old, non-pregnant) was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Sassari, with a recent history of appetite loss, extreme underweight condition and reluctance to move. On physical inspection, emaciation [body condition score, BCS: 3/9], muscular waste [muscular condition score, MCS: 1/5], loose/running faeces [faecal score, FS: 2/8], and a general state of mild dehydration were found. Blood analyses outlined a general undernourishment condition [circulating albumins, ALB: 17.6 g/L (21.6–31.6 g/L)] with underlying systemic inflammatory profile and moderate increase in circulating enzymes to explore liver function [aspartate amino-transferase, AST: 657 u/L (279–430 u/L); alanine amino-transferase ALT: 60 u/L (5–14 u/L); gamma-glutamyl-transferase, γ-GT: 87 IU/L (14–69 IU/L); total bilirubin close to the upper limit, TB: 0.20 mg/dL(0.07–0.21 mg/dL)]and hyperlipaemia [TG: 8.70 mmol/L (0.60–2.87 mmol/L)], following fat depots mobilisation, with total cholesterol closed to the lower limit of the physiological range. Hyper-phosphataemia was linked to haemolytic anaemia [P:1.81 mmol/L (0.77–1.39 mmol/L) and red blood cells, RBC: 4.14 1012/L (4.40–7.10 1012)] aligned with the TB to the upper limit. On ultrasound abdominal imaging, enlarged and hyper-echogenic liver was observed. Based on the clinical evaluation, a condition of hepatic lipidosis was diagnosed, requiring dedicated nutritional treatment to solve the extreme emaciation along with the metabolic disorder in support of medical therapy. A two-step feeding protocol was planned to support treatments aiming at immediate re-hydration (Ringer lactate solution 2 ml/kg/8 h). The nutritional objectives were meant at first to restart the voluntary feed intake. Gradual increasing energy provision through a palatable hay-based diet was planned to cover one fourth of daily metabolizable energy requirement calculated on the expected metabolic weight, adjusted according to the daily intake of feed and clinical condition. At the conclusion of this first 7-day phase, circulating blood parameters were closer to the reference values and the BCS moved from 3 to 4 out of 9. Bowel motility was restored, and faecal score improved (4/8). In the second phase, allowance to pasture and a combination diet with compound mixed feed were designed. Within four weeks of starting the nutritional plan, blood parameters were re-established to reference values. The gradual feed provision calculated in this two-phase approach proved successful in support of the overall clinical improvement observed after four weeks of treatment, in a severely undernourished jenny with compromised liver functions.

Compound electrolyte intraocular irrigating solution produces better effects on vision recovery of cataract patients after surgery than Ringer lactate solution.

Intraocular irrigating solution is extensively applied in cataract surgery. This paper explored the difference and relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical quality analysis system (OQAS) parameters induced by compound electrolyte intraocular irrigating solution (CEIIS) or Ringer lactate (RL) solution during uncomplicated cataract surgery. Totally 200 senior cataract patients were randomly divided into the CEIIS and RL groups (N = 100 patients/group). The anterior chamber was irrigated by CEIIS or RL during phacoemulsification. Patients were subdivided into diabetes mellitus (DM)+ and DM- groups. The central macular thickness (CMT), hyper reflective foci (HF), modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF cutoff), Strehl ratio (SR), objective scatter index (OSI), and OQAS values (OVs) at 100%, 20%, and 9% contrast levels were measured preoperatively and 1day and 1week after operation using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and OQAS II, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed using the Snellen scale, followed by statistical analysis of its logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the CEIIS and RL groups. Both groups exhibited notably increased postoperative CMT, MTF cutoff, SR, OV at 100%, 20%, and 9% contrast levels, and reduced OSI, indicating CEIIS and RL improved postoperative visual quality. CEIIS surpassed RL solution in improving postoperative visual quality, decelerating the increase of macular HF numbers and CMT in DM+ patients and postoperative BCVA. There was no difference between CEIIS and RL in long-term vision improvement. CEIIS surpasses RL in postoperative visual recovery and retards increases of macular HF numbers and CMT in senior DM+ cataract patients.

Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, thromboelastography, hematocrit, and platelet count in a feline hemorrhage/over-resuscitation model using lactated Ringer's solution or 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4.

To describe and compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thromboelastography (TEG), HCT, and platelet count measurements in a hemorrhage/over-resuscitation model. Randomized crossover study. University teaching hospital. Six cats. Anesthetized cats underwent 3 treatments at 2-month intervals. The treatments were as follows: NHR-no controlled hemorrhage and sham resuscitation; LRS-controlled hemorrhage and lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) for resuscitation; and Voluven-controlled hemorrhage and 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 for resuscitation. The LRS and Voluven were administered at 60 and 20mL/kg/h, respectively, for 120minutes. Blood samples were drawn for PT, aPTT, TEG, HCT, and platelet count measurements at a healthy check (T - 7d), after controlled hemorrhage (T0), at 60 and 120minutes of resuscitation (T60 and T120), and at 24hours after completion of resuscitation (T24h). Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model approach (significance was P<0.05). Total median blood loss (controlled hemorrhage and blood sampling from T0 to T120) at T120 was 11.4, 31.0, and 30.8mL/kg for NHR, LRS, and Voluven, respectively. PT and aPTT during LRS and Voluven were prolonged at T60 and T120 compared to NHR (P<0.001). On TEG, the reaction time, kinetic time, and alpha-angle were within reference intervals for cats at all time points in all treatments, while maximum amplitude was less than the reference interval (40mm) at T0, T60, and T120 during Voluven and at T60 and T120 during LRS compared to NHR (both P<0.001). The HCT and platelet count were significantly lower at T60 and T120 during LRS and Voluven compared to NHR (P<0.001). Hypocoagulopathy was observed during hemorrhage and liberal fluid resuscitation. Prolongation of PT and aPPT and decreased clot strength may have been caused by hemodilution and platelet loss.

Traditional vs. modified Ringer lactate-based del Nido cardioplegia impacts on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: results from a clinical trial

Introduction: myocardial protection with cardioplegia solution is one of the precautions during coronary bypass grafting surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to reduce myocardial damage and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Unfortunately, the major component of the del Nido cardioplegia solution, Plasma-Lyte A, is unreachable in Iran due to high cost. Therefore, we have utilized lactate Ringer's solution as the base solution for our modified del Nido solution (LR DN). Study design and methods: the present clinical trial was performed on 18-75 year old patients (EF&gt;35%) undergoing CABG with CPB in Imam Hossein hospital Tehran-Iran in 2021. Patients were randomly allocated to LR DN (modified del Nido cardioplegia) and PL DN (standard del Nido cardioplegia solution) groups. Serum level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at baseline, declamp, ICU admission, and 24 hours after admission, the type and dosage of inotrope agents, EF, rate of arrhythmia after clamp removal and lactate level were measured and compared between groups. Results: 109 patients were recruited. There were no statistically significant differences between the PL DN cardioplegia and LR DN groups for cardiopulmonary bypass times, cardiac enzymes, transfusion requirements, and arterial blood gases. However, postoperative serum levels of cTnI among patients in the LR DN group was significantly higher than patients of the PL DN group after ICU admission and 24 hours postoperatively. Also, more patients needed epinephrine administration in the operating room in the LR DN group (29.8% vs. 11.5%; p: 0.019 vs. PL DN group). Conclusion: we concluded that standard del Nido cardioplegia solution offers better myocardial protection compared with Ringer's lactate-based del Nido cardioplegia in adult patients undergoing CABG with CPB. We recommend using standard del Nido cardioplegia with a base of Plasma-Lyte A for patients presenting for CABG surgery.

Wear Rate, Tribo-Corrosion, and Plastic Deformation Values of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy in Ringer Lactate Solution.

This study investigates the tribocorrosion performance of a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy prepared using casting and electromagnetic stirring (EMS) at specific frequencies. The tribocorrosion behaviour of the alloy was evaluated when exposed to Ringer's lactate solution to optimize the EMS parameters and improve its properties. The research focuses on biomedical implant applications and explores how EMS affects alloy wear and corrosion resistance. As did the friction coefficient and wear volume, the wear rate of samples produced with EMS frequencies of 75 Hz and 150 Hz decreased. These improvements are attributed to the ability of EMS to refine grain size and homogenize the microstructure, thereby increasing the resistance to tribocorrosion. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry were used for surface and wear analysis, while mechanical properties were evaluated through instrumented indentation tests. The findings confirm that EMS improves the alloy's durability and tribocorrosion resistance, making it highly suitable for demanding biomedical applications such as joint replacements. This highlights the importance of advanced manufacturing techniques in optimizing biomedical alloys for simulated body conditions.

Comparison of shelf-stable and conventional resuscitation products in a canine model of hemorrhagic shock.

Treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock typically involves hemostatic resuscitation with blood products. However, logistical constraints often hamper the wide distribution of commonly used blood products like whole blood. Shelf-stable blood products and blood substitutes are poised to be able to effectively resuscitate individuals in hemorrhagic shock when more conventional blood products are not readily available. Purpose-bred adult dogs (n = 6) were anesthetized, instrumented, and subjected to hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure <50 mm Hg or 40% blood volume loss). Then each dog was resuscitated with one of five resuscitation products: (1) lactated ringers solution and hetastarch (LRS/Heta), (2) canine chilled whole blood (CWB), (3) fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed red blood cells (pRBC), (4) canine freeze-dried plasma (FDP) and hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC), or (5) HBOC/FDP and canine lyophilized platelets (LyoPLT). Each dog was allowed to recover after the hemorrhage resuscitation event and was then subjected to another hemorrhage event and resuscitated with a different product until each dog was resuscitated with each product. At the time when animals were determined to be out of shock as defined by a shock index <1, mean arterial pressure (mmHg) values (mean ± standard error) were higher for FFP/pRBC (n = 5, 83.7 ± 4.5) and FDP/HBOC+LyoPLT (n = 4, 87.8 ± 2.1) as compared with WB (n = 4, 66.0 ± 13.1). A transient increase in creatinine was seen in dogs resuscitated with HBOC and FDP. Albumin and base excess increased in dogs resuscitated with HBOC and FDP products compared with LRS/heta and CWB ( p < 0.01). Combinations of shelf-stable blood products compared favorably to canine CWB for resolution of shock. Further research is needed to ascertain the reliability and efficacy of these shelf-stable combinations of products in other models of hemorrhage that include a component of tissue damage as well as naturally occurring trauma.

Treatment of lidocaine-refractory ventricular tachycardia using procainamide in an anesthetized horse.

To highlight the use of procainamide as a potential alternative treatment modality in cases of ventricular tachycardia that are refractory to lidocaine and magnesium sulfate. 1 adult horse weighing 380 kg. A 25-year-old Arabian gelding presented with severe colic signs. Due to persistent pain, it was elected to carry out an exploratory laparotomy. During the procedure a diagnosis of severe, unstable ventricular tachycardia was made based on the ECG findings, with an initial heart rate of 195 beats per minute and severe hypotension. Initial treatment consisted of discontinuing dobutamine and the administration of a 2 mg/kg IV lidocaine bolus followed by a continuous rate infusion at 50 μg/kg/min. Twenty grams magnesium sulfate (5 mg/kg) was administered IV in 1 L of lactated Ringer solution as a slow bolus over 30 minutes. Ventricular tachycardia persisted with poor peripheral pulses, a severely dampened arterial waveform, and a MAP of 30 to 45 mm Hg. Two milligrams/kg IV procainamide was administered over 3 minutes, 3 separate times, at 5-minute intervals. Immediately following the third dose sinus rhythm was detected on the ECG, the arterial waveform improved, and MAP increased to 85 mm Hg. Ventricular tachycardia is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in horses undergoing general anesthesia. The potential of this arrhythmia to progress to ventricular fibrillation is of grave concern, as the option to attempt to externally defibrillate horses back to normal sinus rhythm does not exist. This case highlights procainamide as a potential option for cases of ventricular tachycardia that are refractory to more standard treatment modalities.

Harnessing extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein by PS-OMe miR130: A promising shield against hemorrhage-induced lung injury.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) poses a life-threatening condition with the lungs being one of the most susceptible organs to its deleterious effects. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein has emerged as a pivotal mediator of inflammation, and its release has been observed as a case of HS-induced tissue injury. Previous studies unveiled a promising engineered microRNA, designated PS-OMe miR130, which inhibits extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein, thereby safeguarding vital organs. In this study, we hypothesized that PS-OMe miR130 serves as a protective shield against HS-induced lung injury by curtailing the overzealous inflammatory immune response. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in male C57BL6 mice by withdrawing blood via a femoral artery cannula to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg for 90 minutes. The mice were resuscitated with twice the shed blood volume with Ringer's lactate solution. They were then treated intravenously with either phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) or 62.5 nmol PS-OMe miR130. At 4 hours later, blood and lungs were harvested. Following PS-OMe miR130 treatment in HS mice, a substantial decrease was observed in serum injury markers including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 exhibited a similar reduction. In lung tissues, PS-OMe miR130 led to a significant decrease in the messenger RNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α), chemokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein 2), and an endothelial injury marker, E-selectin. PS-OMe miR130 also produced substantial inhibition of lung myeloperoxidase activity and resulted in a marked reduction in lung injury as evidenced by histological evaluation. This was further confirmed by the observation that PS-OMe miR130 significantly reduced the presence of lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G-positive neutrophils and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive apoptotic cells. PS-OMe miR130 emerges as a potent safeguard against HS-induced lung injury by effectively inhibiting pro-inflammation and injuries, offering a promising therapeutic strategy in such critical clinical condition.

АНАЛИЗ АССОРТИМЕНТА РАСТВОРИТЕЛЕЙ И РАЗБАВИТЕЛЕЙ ИНЪЕКЦИОННЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ДЛЯ ПЕДИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

Introduction. Solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines are widely used in pediatric hospitals and occupy leading positions in terms of the number of packages in purchases. Injectables are prescribed to children in reduced volumes, as compared to adults. In this regard, it is relevant to study the solvents and diluents available for parenteral administration of drugs in terms of packaging types and reduced volumes for use in pediatrics in the domestic pharmaceutical market. Aim of the study is to analyze the available solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines, such as water for injection, isotonic solutions of sodium chloride, Ringer, and Ringer lactate, on the Russian pharmaceutical market and in a multidisciplinary children’s hospital. Material and Methods. Objects of the study were data from the State Register of Medicines of Russia, the requisition slips of Medical Devices and Pharmacy of Tatarstan for medicines shipped from a warehouse to the Republic Clinical Children’s Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022, the price lists for medicines of pharmaceutical wholesalers (September 2023), and the data from scientific publications. Results and Discussion. The data obtained indicate that the regional pharmaceutical market has about twice as many options for the supply of medicinal solvents and diluents than in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital, and this allows expanding the range of this group of medicines. It can be assumed that pharmaceutical industrial enterprises do not produce a full range of options for the volume of primary packaging of solvents and diluents registered in the State Register of Medicines. Conclusions. In Russia, reduced volumes (20-30 ml) of 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose, Ringer, and Ringer lactate solutions in vials for intravenous drip administration in pediatric practice are neither registered nor produced. The depth coefficient of the assortment of the studied solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines in relation to the volume of primary packaging in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital is 0.102. This indicates the need for medical organizations to consider the possibilities of the pharmaceutical market when drawing up applications for the supply of medicines.

Developing a Clinically Relevant Hemorrhagic Shock Model in Rats.

Over the recent decades, the development of animal models allowed us to better understand various pathologies and identify new treatments. Hemorrhagic shock, i.e., organ failure due to rapid loss of a large volume of blood, is associated with a highly complex pathophysiology involving several pathways. Numerous existing animal models of hemorrhagic shock strive to replicate what happens in humans, but these models have limits in terms of clinical relevance, reproducibility, or standardization. The aim of this study was to refine these models to develop a new model of hemorrhagic shock. Briefly, hemorrhagic shock was induced in male Wistar Han rats (11-13 weeks old) by a controlled exsanguination responsible for a drop in the mean arterial pressure. The next phase of 75 min was to maintain a low mean arterial blood pressure, between 32 mmHg and 38 mmHg, to trigger the pathophysiological pathways of hemorrhagic shock. The final phase of the protocol mimicked patient care with an administration of intravenous fluids, Ringer Lactate solution, to elevate the blood pressure. Lactate and behavioral scores were assessed 16 h after the protocol started, while hemodynamics parameters and plasmatic markers were evaluated 24 h after injury. Twenty-four hours post-hemorrhagic shock induction, the mean arterial and diastolic blood pressure were decreased in the hemorrhagic shock group (p< 0.05). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure remained unchanged. All organ damage markers were increased with the hemorrhagic shock (p < 0.05). The lactatemia and behavioral scores were increased compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the protocol described here is a relevant model of hemorrhagic shock that can be used in subsequent studies, particularly to evaluate the therapeutic potential of new molecules.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Canine Adipose Tissue: Evaluation of the Effect of Different Shipping Vehicles Used for Clinical Administration.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)-based therapies are rapidly gaining interest in veterinary medicine. Cellular therapy represents a new challenge for practitioners and requires precise coordination between the cell processing laboratory and the veterinary clinic. Cryopreservation is the best method to provide fast, in-time, and long-distance delivery of cells for therapeutic applications. However, potentially toxic cryoprotectants and xenobiotic products make the direct administration of cells impracticable for patients. Alternatively, the cells may be resuspended in a ready-to-use vehicle and shipped to the veterinary clinic. In this study, two nutrient-poor vehicles (physiologic saline and ringer lactate solutions) and two nutrient-rich vehicles (the releasate derived from autologous Platelet Poor Plasma and Platelet Rich Plasma) were tested on adipose tissue-derived canine MSCs (AD-MSCs). AD-MSCs stored for 2, 4, or 24 h in the different media were compared regarding mortality, metabolic activity, and replicative capacity. Furthermore, antioxidant activity and the pattern of expression of genes related to AD-MSCs function were performed following 24 h of storage. The results showed that all the different vehicles preserve cell vitality and replication following short-term storage. In long-term storage, the vehicle and cell density affect cell vitality, proliferation, and gene expression (CCL-2, CXCR-4, and TSG-6). Nutrient-rich vehicles seem better suited to preserve cell functionalities in this contest.

86 Evaluation of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on markers of joint inflammation in young, exercising horses following an intra-articular lipopolysaccharide challenge

Abstract Including Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) into the diets of young, exercising horses may prolong their performance career by optimizing the intra-articular environment. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary SCFP on joint inflammation in yearlings undergoing regular exercise, challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thirty Quarter Horse yearlings (374 ± 25 kg BW; 562 ± 16 d of age; 15 fillies and 15 geldings) were used in a 60-d study to test the hypothesis that dietary SCFP (TruEquine C, Diamond V Mills, Inc.) ameliorates joint inflammation following an acute inflammatory insult. Horses were stratified by BW, age, sex, and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 10/treatment): Control (0), 46, or 92 mg/kg BW SCFP. Treatments were top-dressed onto a custom-formulated concentrate void of added microbials offered at 1% BW/d (as-fed) every 12 h. Horses were individually stalled (3.6 m × 7.3 m) and offered ad libitum Coastal bermudagrass hay. Using a free-stall exerciser, horses were exercised following a progressive workload regimen for 30 min/d, 5 d/wk. On d 46, all horses underwent an intra-articular LPS challenge where each horse had one radial carpal joint randomly assigned to receive either 0.8 mL of a 0.5 ng LPS solution or sterile lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) as a contralateral control. Synovial fluid samples were obtained pre-injection (h 0) and at 6, 12, 24, and 336 h post-injection and analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a pro-inflammatory prostaglandin via commercial ELISA, and for chemokine-concentration (signaling proteins that direct immune cells; CCL2, and CCL11) and cytokines (inflammatory mediators; TNFα and IL-10) using a multiplex platform via commercial laboratory. Non-normal data (PGE2, IL-10, and CCL2) were log transformed, and all markers were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS v9.4. Mean separation was achieved with orthogonal contrasts, and contralateral control carpi were used as a covariate across all hours. There was no effect of SCFP on synovial logPGE2 (P = 0.42), logCCL2 (P = 0.90), CCL11 (P = 0.26), or logIL-10 (P = 0.23). However, there was a treatment × hour interaction for CCL11 (P = 0.04) where the Control had increased concentrations compared with SCFP treatment groups at 6 h post-injection. Furthermore, logIL-10 also had a treatment × hour interaction (P = 0.05) where the 46mg/kg BW group had decreased concentrations at h 12 compared with the Control and 92mg/kg BW group. The main effect of treatment for TNFα (P = 0.04) revealed that the 92mg/kg BW group had less concentrations than the 46mg/kg BW group and tended to have less concentrations than the Control group across all hours. Results indicate that SCFP may help mitigate inflammation markers following an acute intra-articular inflammatory insult.