L2 Series Research Articles

Stimulus-responsive liposomes (L) for triggering drug release to the target site are particularly useful in cancer therapy. This research was focused on the evaluation of the effects of cholesterol levels in the performance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-functionalized L for controlled doxorubicin (D) delivery. Their interfacial and morphological properties, drug release behavior against temperature changes and cytotoxic activity against breast and ovarian cancer cells were studied. Langmuir isotherms were performed to identify the most stable combination of lipid components. Two mole fractions of cholesterol (3.35 mol% and 40 mol%, L1 and L2 series, respectively) were evaluated. Thin-film hydration and transmembrane pH-gradient methods were used for preparing the L and for D loading, respectively. The cationic surface of L allowed the anchoring of negatively charged AuNPs by electrostatic interactions, even inducing a shift in the zeta potential of the L2 series. L exhibited nanometric sizes and spherical shape. The higher the proportion of cholesterol, the higher the drug loading. D was released in a controlled manner by diffusion-controlled mechanisms, and the proportions of cholesterol and temperature of release media influenced its release profiles. D-encapsulated L preserved its antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. The developed liposomal formulations exhibit promising properties for cancer treatment and potential for hyperthermia therapy.

The synthesis of two series of gold(I) complexes with the general formulae PR3 -Au-C≡C-phenanthrene (PR3 =PPh3 (1 a/2 a), PMe3 (1 b/2 b), PNaph3 (1 c/2 c)) or (diphos)(Au-C≡C-phenanthrene)2 (diphos=1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm (1 d/2 d), 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, dppb (1 e/2 e)) has been realized. The two series differ in the position of the alkynyl substituent on the phenanthrene chromophore, being at the 9-position (9-ethynylphenanthrene) for the L1 series and at the 2-position (2-ethynylphenanthrene) for the L2 series. The compounds have been fully characterized by 1 H, 31 P NMR, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction resolution in the case of compounds 1 a, 1 e, 2 a, and 2 c. The emissive properties of the uncoordinated ligands and corresponding complexes have been studied in solution and within organic matrixes of different polarity (polymethylmethacrylate and Zeonex). Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is observed for all gold(I) complexes whereas only fluorescence can be detected for the pure organic chromophore. In particular, the L2 series presents better luminescent properties regarding the intensity of emission, quantum yields, and RTP effect. Additionally, although the inclusion of all the compounds in organic matrixes induces an enhancement of the observed RTP owing to the decrease in non-radiative deactivation, only the L2 series completely suppresses the fluorescence, giving rise to pure phosphorescent materials.

Shifted and modulated Gaussian functions play a vital role in the representation of signals. We extend the theory into a quaternionic setting, using two exponential kernels with two complex numbers. As a final result, we show that every continuous and quaternion‐valued signal f in the Wiener space can be expanded into a unique ℓ2 series on a lattice at critical density 1, provided one more point is added in the middle of a cell. We call that a relaxed Gabor expansion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Exact L2 series solution of the Dirac?Coulomb problem for all energies

L2 series solution of the relativistic Dirac?Morse problem for all energies

L2 series solution of the relativistic Dirac–Morse problem for all energies

Exact L2 series solution of the Dirac–Coulomb problem for all energies

A circuit is presented which can drive tuning fork choppers, such as the Bulova L40 and L2 series. The advantages of this circuit over the factory-supplied 5A-type driver are better drive-amplitude stability, freedom from drift due to line-voltage variations, and a cleaner, transient-free sinusoidal reference signal. Test results indicate an improvement in long-term stability by as much as a factor of 4.

Two series of copper(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazide (Tsc) have been prepared, and their ultraviolet and visible reflectance spectra, infrared spectra, and magnetic properties have been measured and are discussed. The L1 series of the type CuTscX2(X = Cl, Br, or ½SO4) is thought to have a polymeric structure. Complexes in the L2 series, CuTsc2X2(X = Cl, Br, No3, ClO4, or ½SO4), have distorted octahedral structures.