Kuznetsk Basin Research Articles

Investigation of the structural characteristics of vitrinites of some coals of the Kuznetsk Basin

In this work, the structural parameters of vitrinites of coal of various degrees of metamorphism were investigated by X-ray diffraction methods. Vitrinite concentrates were obtained from coal of the Kuznetsk Basin by the method of fractional analysis of coals, according to which the studied fuel is stratified into fractions in liquids of different densities. The following X-ray structural parameters were analyzed: the number of carbon atoms in the lamellae (natC), the longitudinal size of the lamellae, the height of their stacking (La and Lc), the number of polyaromatic layers in the stack (N), and the packing density of the lamellae (ρ). It was shown that in vitrinite concentrates, an increase in all analyzed structural parameters (Lc, La, natC, N, ρ) is observed with an increase in the degree of metamorphism, at the same time, a decrease in the value of the interplanar distance (d002) is observed. The performed X-ray diffraction studies showed that the average number of layers in a package and carbon atoms per monolayer in the samples of vitrinite concentrates of bituminous coals of high stages of metamorphism (Ro, r = 1.41%) varies from 7 to 8 and 14-15, respectively. A correlation was found between the linear nature of the number of arene layers and the height of their packing. The results obtained are in good agreement with the literature data given for coals of various deposits.

Study Of Fossil Coals In The Kuznetsk Basin By Epr Spectroscopy

Fossil coals of the Kuznetsk Basin of varying degrees of metamorphism were studied by the method of electron paramagnetic resonance. It is shown that in the series from brown coal to anthracite, the g-factor of the EPR signal decreases, due to the aromatization of the carbon framework and a decrease in oxygen-containing and hydrogen-containing fragments in the coals. The maximum width of the EPR spectrum is observed for coals of the middle stage of metamorphism, which indicates the presence of both aliphatic and aromatic paramagnetic centers (PCs) in their structure. Also, in the series of coal metamorphism, the concentration of PCs increases. Thus, it has been shown that in the process of coal metamorphism, a change in the electronic structure occurs, associated with the rearrangement of the carbon skeleton of the organic mass of coal (OMC) and a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing and hydrogen-containing radicals.

Physicochemical properties of microcomponents of the Kuznetsk Basin coals

Coals are heterogeneous in nature, and they most often combine different amounts of three macerals-vitrinite, liptinite and inerinite. Vitrinite, which is responsible for the caking capacity of coal, solubility in organic solvents, mechanical properties, etc., is of decisive importance for the technological properties of coal raw materials. This paper presents the results of a study of vitrinite concentrates isolated from coal of the Kuznetsk coal basin. Using chemical and physicochemical methods of analysis (technical and elemental analyses, IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, etc.), analytical data were obtained reflecting the change in the composition of their organic mass from the degree of coalification. It was found that with an increase in the stage of metamorphism in vitrinite concentrates, the yield of volatile substances (Vdaf) decreases, the carbon content increases from 82.2 to 88.5% and, accordingly, the content of oxygen and heteroatoms in the organic mass decreases from 11.8 to 6.2%.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ РЕАГЕНТОВ-МОДИФИКАТОРОВ ДЛЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ СЕРОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ ПРИ ФЛОТАЦИИ ГАЗОВЫХ УГЛЕЙ

The relevance of the research lies in the need to remove sulphur-containing compounds from coal raw materials at the lowest cost to reduce the environmental load in the areas of coal use. The object of the study is coals of the “G” brand of the Kuznetsk basin of the Kirov mine. The subject of the study is the petrographic and chemical composition of coals, the content of sulphur impurities. The aim of the study is to develop selective reagent flotation modes using inorganic reagents-modifiers. Research objectives: – to determine the petrographic and chemical composition of coals; – to conduct flotation studies using the foam flotation method; – to evaluate the effect of inorganic reagents-modifiers on the φ - potential and hydration of the coal surface; – to determine the mechanism of modifiers’ action on the depression of sulphur-containing impurities of coals. Methodology and methods of research. A complex of physical, chemical and physico-chemical research methods has been used in the work. The degree of scientific development of the topic. A promising direction for reducing sulphur-containing emissions is to increase the selectivity of the flotation process by modifying the coal surface. Results: petrographic analysis of the studied coals has showed that the main micro-component is vitrinite (85 %); chemical analysis indicates that the humidity of the coals is 2.27 %, the ash content is 17.82 %, the yield of volatile substances is 32.90 %, the mass fraction of inorganic sulphur is 0.38 %, organic sulphur is 0.43 %. A comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of coal flotation shows that the use of non-organic reagents-modifiers can significantly increase the extraction of sulfur into flotation waste. The analysis of the kinetics of changes in the electrode potential of pyrite indicates an increase in the potential values in the presence of these reagents and a decrease in the hydration of the pyrite surface. The obtained results indicate the expediency of using inorganic salts as modifier reagents that contribute to reducing the sulfur content in coal concentrates due to the depression of pyrite-containing impurities due to an increase in the hydration of their surface

Agricultural populations of Festuca pratensis (Poaceae) on the coal mining spoils in the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk Basin, Russia

The study of meadow fescue agropopulations was conducted in the agricultural phytocoenoses, established on the leveled coal mining spoils in the forest-steppe zone of the Kuznetsk Basin mining region in Russia. In agrophytocoenoses the fescue is not a dominant species, as in the natural meadows of herbs and fescue, which occupied the area prior to spoiling. However, the presence of the meadow fescue in the newly established plant communities resulted in increasing their biological diversity and improving the forage quality. The species was shown to sustain in agricultural communities on the coal mining spoils for more than 25 years, whereas when sown on the zonal soils it maintains it presence for 4-6 years. The ontogenetic groups of the plant in all communities were found to be dominated by virginile, young and mid-aged generative specimen. By the 25th year of agricultural phytocoenoses development the vitality of the agropopulations decreased on the coal mining spoils, composed of both Quaternary and Permian sediments. The study showed for the first time that meadow fescue is a species with good potential to restore vegetation cover in the areas disturbed by the open coal mining.

Study of the chemical and technological properties of long-flame, long-flame-gas and gas coals of the Kuznetsk Basin

The results of a study of the chemical and technological properties of low-metamorphosed coals of the Kuznetsk basin of long-flame (L), long-flame-gas (LG) and gas (G) technological grades. Coal samples are low-sulfur, medium-ash with a low ash basicity index, are characterized by a rather significant yield of semi-coking resin, gaseous and volatile substances. According to the established technological indicators, these coals can be recommended for energy and technological use, for example, in the process of semi-coking.

Поиск «пропавших» археологических памятников

The results of search studies of previously discovered archaeological sites in the Kemerovo region are presented. The factors of “loss” of cultural heritage objects are described. Examples are given and the results of the search for specific funeral monuments in the basin of the river Inya on the territory of the Kuznetsk basin. Information on archaeological heritage sites is being clarified. New information on archaeological sites studied is introduced into wide scientific circulation.

Industrial scale gasification of T-grade coal via fixed bed technology

The gasification of solid fuel is known technology suitable for many purposes which has found quite limited applications worldwide. The one of the major reasons is deficiency of practical operation experience of industrial scale units. The paper reports the data on T-grade coal gasification by air via 4 ton per hour pilot scale VTI gasifier situated in Tomsk polytechnic university (Tomsk, Russia). The tests were carried out for bituminous coal of Kuznetsk basin. The results presented were obtained in nonstationary regime for single 4 t load of fuel. The characteristics temperatures into gasifier as well as generator gas composition were determined. Obtained results allowed to conclude that T-grade coal is suitable fuel for VTI gasification technology.

Study of high-magnesia iron ore feedstock integrated processing

Introduction. Iron and magnesium form a common lattice of the initial ore and its calcination products, which is the main obstacle limiting the widespread use of the ores of the Bakal group of deposits. Research aim is to develop the physicochemical foundations of the integrated processing of high-magnesia siderite ores using pyro- and hydrometallurgy methods. Research methodology is based on data analysis from thermogravimetry, X-ray and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and chromatography. The analysis made it possible to determine suitable conditions for heat treatment, leaching, chemical and phase composition, structure and properties of integrated processing products of high-magnesia iron ore raw materials. Results. A new scheme for high-magnesia iron ore raw materials integrated processing has been proposed. Testing of the scheme in laboratory conditions has shown that it allows to increase the iron content in the concentrate by 7% and to obtain up to 100–120 kg per ton of highly active magnesia concentrate containing no less than 98% of magnesium oxide. It has been established that some products of the integrated processing are catalytically active in the processes of ethanol steam conversion and Kuznetsk Basin coal conversion, as well as in the water gas shift reaction. Summary. The proposed scheme makes it possible to increase iron and related elements extraction degree, without changing the working conditions on the operating plants.

New Data on the Sterile and Fertile Structures, in situ Spores of Svalbardia osmanica Petrosjan et Radczenko (Archaeopteridales) from the Givetian of the Kuznetsk Basin, Russia

Svalbardia osmanica Petrosjan et Radczenko from the Middle Devonian deposits (Izyly Formation) of Kuznetsk Basin is re-studied from the type material (CNIGR-museum, Saint-Petersburg). An emended diagnosis of S. osmanica including new data on morphology and anatomy of sterile plant fragments and fertile structures with in-situ spores from the microsporangia is given. Dispersed spores from the same deposits that included S. osmanica indicates a Givetian age for the Izyly Formation.

Residential Development in the Coal Mining Districts of the Kuznetsk Basin in 1930–1932

The article features the problem of residential development that migrant workers had to face in the mining districts of the Kuznetsk Basin during the first five-year plan. The author identified the causes of the housing crisis in the early 1930s that forced many independent miners to abandon mining enterprises. The paper describes the agenda taken by the central government authorities of Donbass and Kuzbass in order to provide miners with housing. It focuses on the types of housing in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin according to the method of production and building patterns, including communal houses. Prefabricated standard wooden constructions made it possible to build a lot of houses in a relatively short period of time. The main mistakes included a poor material base, limited workforce, and a shortage of building materials. As a result, the initial construction program was never fulfilled. The research focused on the residential development of the coal mining town of Prokopyevsk, its types of dwellings, the number of citizens involved in mining provided with state-owned housing, and the average housing space per capita. Thanks to the housing commissioned, the housing stock was significantly increased in the coal industry in general, and, more particularly, in the Kuzbassugol coal mining trust. The extensive residential development was not aimed at improving the living conditions of miners and their families but at binding migrants to their mines in order to meet the coal-mining program of the first five-year plans.

Исследование структурных характеристик витринитов некоторых углей Кузнецкого бассейна

The article is devoted to research of the main structural parameters of vitrinites of bituminous coals of various metamorphism degrees carried out by methods of X-ray phase and X-ray structural analysis. Vitrinite concentrates were obtained from coal of the Kuznetsk Basin. The main X-ray structural parameters were estimated: the number of carbon atoms in the lamellae (natC), the longitudinal size of the lamellae, and the height of their stacking (La and Lc), the number of polyaromatic layers in the package (N), and the packing density of the lamellae (ρ). It is shown in the work that in vitrinite concentrates, an increase in all analyzed structural parameters (Lc, La, natC, N, ρ) is observed with an increase in the degree of metamorphism, at the same time, a decrease in the value of the interplanar distance (d002) is observed. The XRD analysis showed that for the average number of layers in a package and carbon atoms per monolayer, in the samples of vitrinite concentrates of bituminous coals of high stages of metamorphism (Ro, r = 1.41%) varies from 7 to 8 and 14-15, respectively. It was found a correlation between the linear nature of the number of polyarene-layers and the height of their stacking. The results obtained were in good agreement with the literature data given for coals of various deposits.

Properties of Coal of Moderate Metamorphic Development

The physicochemical properties of Kuznetsk Basin coal are studied. The following distinctive features are confirmed for coal of moderate metamorphic development: minimum strength and gas-dynamic potential; and maximum risk of cracking and explosion, as well as maximum instability of the coal–methane system. For bed samples of different rank, we find that the petrographic characteristics of coal of metamorphic stages III–V include critical regions.

ГУМИНОВЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА В ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОДАХ НАРЫКСКО-ОСТАШКИНСКОЙ ПЛОЩАДИ (КУЗБАСС)

Актуальность работы. Растворенное органическое вещество почти всегда присутствует в водах и играет важную роль в формировании их химического состава, при этом до недавнего времени ему уделялось незаслуженно мало внимания. Для Кузнецкого бассейна изучение растворенного органического вещества очень важно в связи с наличием угольных отложений, что обуславливает региональную специфику нагрузок на водные системы. Цель: изучить особенности распределения растворенного органического вещества в поверхностных и подземных водах региона. Методы. Химический и органический состав воды определялись стандартными методами в Проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории гидрогеохимии Томского политехнического университета: органический углерод (Сорг) – методом высокотемпературного каталитического окисления, перманганатная окисляемость, химическое потребление кислорода, биохимическое потребление кислорода – методами титрования. Определение фульвокислот и гуминовых кислот проводилось методом титрования по учету бихромата, расходуемого на окисление углерода фульвогуминовых кислот. Результаты и выводы. Приведены новые данные по показателям растворенного органического вещества и концентрациям фульвокислот и гуминовых кислот в речных, озерных и подземных водах Нарыкско-Осташкинской площади Кузбасса. Показано, что во всех водах в составе гуминовых веществ преимущественно распространены фульвокислоты, от 69 до 100 %, а гумусовые имеют подчиненное значение. Подземные воды зоны активного водообмена отличаются минимальными значениями всех показателей растворенного органического вещества (Сорг, перманганатная окисляемость, химическое потребление кислорода, биохимическое потребление кислорода) и относительно неоднородным составом гуминовых веществ. Речные и озерные воды отличаются более однотипным составом гуминовых веществ и узким интервалом значений показателей растворенного органического вещества, несмотря на различия в химическом составе и рН. Воды зоны затрудненного водообмена в пределах угольных отложений на глубинах 400–1200 м отличаются наибольшими показателями растворенного органического вещества и относительно однородным составом фульвокислот и гуминовых кислот. На первом этапе исследований установлено отсутствие связи концентрации органики с соленостью и химическим составом всех вод, рН и глубины.

Новые материалы погребений средневековой элиты в Урском археологическом микрорайоне

The article presents the results of excavations at the Biryul burial mound in the Ur Urban Archaeological Microdistrict on the territory of the Kuznetsk Depression. Excavation materials are considered as a single peculiar burial complex, requiring justification of dating and ethnocultural interpretation. The elements of the funeral rite and inventory have been described, classified and analyzed. Based on the typological classification of the finds, a comparative analysis has been carried out with materials from the funerary sites of the Kuznetsk Basin and adjacent territories. During the study, medieval sites have been identified that bear the greatest resemblance to the investigated burial complex: the mound-cemetery of Sapogovo-2 and the burial mounds of Sapogovo and Saratovka. By analogy to the inventory and the proximity of the burial sites, the Biryulya Kurgan group was dated to the 11th – 12th centuries and attributed to the Saratov archaeological culture at the third stage of its development in the Kuznetsk depression. It is noted that the investigated burial complex belongs to the elite category and has a high level of uniqueness with respect to synchronous and monocultural sites.

Dependence of Coal Surface Wettability on the Petrographic Composition

Based on a comparison of elemental analysis data and IR- and 13C NMR-spectroscopic data, principal differences in the chemical compositions of lithotypes isolated from Kuznetsk Basin coals of different ranks based on characteristic properties were established. The influence of the chemical composition and physical properties (porosity and surface topography) of the lithotypes on the wettability of their surfaces with water was found. It was shown that coals with high concentrations of fusainized components have increased surface hydration due to developed porosity, pronounced surface texture, coal matter mineralization, and the presence of aromatic fragments with substituted oxygen heteroatoms, which have greater hydrophilicity than that of hydrocarbon structures, in the organic matter of coal (OMC).

Numerical simulation of roof cavings in several Kuzbass mines using finite-difference continuum damage mechanics approach

An essential stage of mine design is an estimation of the steps of the first and periodic roof caving in longwall mines. Generally, this is carried out using the field experience and can be much enhanced by numerical simulation. In this work, the finite-difference method was applied coupled with the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) approach to simulate the stress-strain evolution of the rock mass with the underground opening during coal extraction. The steps and stages of roof caving were estimated relying on the numerical simulation data, and they were compared with the field data from several operating mines in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin, Russia. The dependence of the first roof caving step in simulation linearly correlates with field data. The results correspond to the actual roofs of longwall panels of the flat-dipping coal seams and the average rate of face advancement is approximately 5 m/day.

Хроностратиграфия памятников «плоскодонного» неолита Западной Сибири

Purpose. The article outlines three large provinces on the Asian territory of Russia which determine morphology of Neolithic ceramic ware (Amour River region and border areas of Far East and Pacific Ocean islands; Trans-Baikal region and Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia). Western Siberia is a territory where, in the Neolithic Age, such traditional shapes as round-, point- and flat-bottomed ones were spread. At the same time, inside the region, two areas – Western (trans-Ural and North-Western regions of Barabinskaya forest-steppe) and Eastern (Barabinskaya forest-steppe, high Ob area, including forest-steppes of Altai, and its foothills, and Kuznetsk basin) are outlined. If in the western part two traditions have been determined, in the eastern part, only one tradition – round-bottomed ceramic ware, has been found so far. Morphological specifics of ceramic assemblages of the Neolithic in the trans-Ural region caused a polemic in solving the issue of their cultural and chronological attribution. The stratified sites of Andreevskaya Lake System were the base of the main line of reasoning. The article presents a critical analysis bringing into question the use of stratified sites of Andreevskaya Lake System Neolithic as the reference. Results. The article suggests that the research of Taiga area sites, in particular Kondinskaya lowland, is the best approach to solve the main issues of flat-bottomed Neolithic of trans-Ural region in the actual conditions. In spite of its poor state of knowledge, the North of Western Siberia shows a relative stability of cultural tradition development. Synchronic and diachronic aspects of a zoned existence of round, pointed and flat bottomed Neolithic ceramic assemblages in the Taiga zone of Western Siberia is presented. Conclusion. The paper analyses the stratigraphic situations on the sites and objects in North-West Baraba (Tartas-1, Ust-Tartas, Avtodrom-1 and 2) which proves the early age of the Neolithic assemblages with flat-bottomed ware. This allowed to draw the conclusion about the identical development processes in the Neolithic of Trans-Ural and Baraba.

Agropopulations of Trifolium hybridum (Fabaceae) on the coal mining spoils in the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk basin

The agropopulations of Trifolium hybridum L. were studied in the agricultural phytocenoses established on the levelled coal mining spoils in the Kuzbas mining region (West Siberia, Russia). The clover was found to last in such agrophytocenoses for more than 20 years, whereas in agricultural phytocenoses on the zonal soils it lasted usually for 5-8 years. All studied communities were dominated by virginal and young generative plants. The optimal conditions for the clover growth and development in the disturbed areas were observed in the mixed (legumes and grasses) agrophytocenosis on the hydraulic dump. For the first time T. hybridum was found to be a species perspective for restoring vegetation cover in areas disturbed by open coal mining.

Passive Experiments for Monitoring Mining Operations by Dragline at Kuzbass Open Pits – Estimation of Coal Losses

The natural conditions for the formation of coal deposits in different regions of the globe are the same, all of them belong to reservoir sedimentary deposits and differ only in the degree of metamorphism and tectonic disturbances. In this regard, coal deposits of the Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass, Western Siberia, Russia)) that have no analogues in nature are unique. Here are all sorts of options for the occurrence of coal seams both in terms of their thickness, dip angle, number, and the degree of disturbance by plicative and disjunctive disturbances. The article presents some results of research on ways to reduce coal losses in open pit mining during its extraction by draglines. The study was carried out on the example of deposits in Kemerovo region with coal seams in an inclined and steep formations, which allows analyzing the possibilities of applying the proposed technological solutions in the widest range of specific mining and geological conditions.