Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province Research Articles

Effect of the upkeep method, in natural habitat or farm maintenance

The research was performed on 116 fallow deer individuals, including 58 free-living and 58 farmed individuals. The age of the fallow deer ranged from 1.5 to 3 years. The research involved the use of free-living fallow deer carcasses acquired as a result of a cull during huntings in the Zamrzenica Forest Inspectorate, in the kujawskopomorskie province, whereas the farmed fallow deer carcasses were made available for research by the Bomafar Cervidae farm. Of all the individuals for each upkeep method, a group of does and a group of bucks were separated. The aim of the paper was to determine and to compare the values of the metrics of the alimentary tract in two different populations of fallow deer, namely living in a natural hunting ground and kept in the farm system. The morphometric measurements were performed on the carcasses without internal organs. The measurements were taken using the metal tape at the accuracy down to 1 millimetre. The measurements of the intestine length and the capacity of stomachs concerned the unpreserved material. The intestines not emptied from the contents were measured once they were spread on a wet non-adhesive surface. The results of the research demonstrated that the metrics of the digestive tract in fallow deer depend considerably on the method of the animal upkeep and on its sex and there were significant differences in the relative length of intestine and its respective sections.

Social media in the public relations strategy of the cities of Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze trends and evaluate the role of social media in the public relations strategy of major cities of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. Selected aspects of the activities of Polish cities in social media (public relations, image activity, and the strategy of entities responsible for city communication on the Internet) were analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: The research analyzed literature on the development of social media and its use by Polish cities. Compilations and reports covering users' online activity were analyzed. A survey was conducted by means of a Google questionnaire on groups associating residents of 3 cities in Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship. Findings: Social media is becoming a tool for thoughtful creation and strengthening of the city's brand, as well as proper two-way communication. Thanks to the activities undertaken as part of agglomeration marketing, residents present in the virtual space should become true fans identifying with their place of residence, and through this, ambassadors of the place. Research limitations/implications: Future research may be related to the creation of mentoring programs in the area under study. Practical implications: The results of the survey can be used as input for designing training programs in the study area. Social implications: Social media marketing means promotion conducted through a variety of means. This forces city managers to be dynamically flexible and look for solutions that can optimize promotional and communication processes online. The challenge facing the management of such communications is not only to encourage people to look at these profiles more often, but also to increase interactivity. Originality/value: This article is mainly addressed to city managers who want to implement and improve the image strategy of the metropolis. Keywords: social media, public relations, strategy.

Does the Use of an Intercropping Mixture Really Improve the Biology of Monocultural Soils?—A Search for Bacterial Indicators of Sensitivity and Resistance to Long-Term Maize Monoculture

The choice of appropriate agricultural practices has a significant impact on soil quality, crop productivity, or soil microbial community. Ten representative soil samples were collected in Wierzchucin Królewski (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province, NW Poland), an agricultural area belonging to the Potulicka Foundation Group. The cropping systems included a maize monoculture grown continuously for over 30 years and an intercropping mixture (Gorzow mixture) applied in 2020. The study aimed to determine the effect of the intercropping system on the quality and biodiversity of the studied soils and to identify bacterial indicators of sensitivity and resistance to long-term maize monoculture. Therefore, in this study, the impact of the intercrop mixture application on the chemical and biological soil properties and on the diversity of the bacterial community was evaluated by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene sequences and indicators of sensitivity and resistance to long-term maize monoculture were recommended. The results showed that intercropping had a positive effect on soil features and increased the richness and diversity of soil bacteria at the taxonomic level of genera compared to the maize monoculture. Massilia and Haliangium were proposed to be bacterial indicators of sensitivity, while Sphingomonas was recommended to be an indicator of resistance to long-term maize monoculture. Overall, our results evidenced that using an intercropping system may be a sustainable agricultural practice in this area and in north-western Poland.

Green Care in Poland. Essence, limitations and development opportunities with the kujawsko-pomorskie province as an example

Abstract An ageing society has triggered the development of new intervention mechanisms and the engagement of both state and non-governmental institutions. It can be said that, for each group of persons, place-of-residence and social-structure-specific social security models must be designed. In Poland, such innovative actions include the initiative of launching care farms, known as green care. This article presents the results of the current study and observations of the operation of such farms in the kujawsko-pomorskie province. The study mostly involved the use of qualitative methods: interviews with carers, a covert participant observation and the analysis of the opinions of the psychologist coordinating the care farm therapy. The study shows that the idea of green care is quite easily implemented in the rural areas of Poland, with plenty of potential clients and farms which, with sometimes inconsiderable investment inputs, can be adapted to welcome that specific group of guests. However, one must note many barriers, especially a lack of permanent sources of green care financing, in many places a profound distrust of the local community for changes and innovations, and uncertainty regarding the continued care prospect, which can result in an even greater social withdrawal of the clients and an abandoning of the efforts by the carers and farm owners for a further operation to be continued.

The Reclamation of a Municipal Waste Landfill - Grudziądz Case Study

Abstract Municipal landfills are one of the most human-transformed areas of nature, and the process of designing and building a landfill is one of the most difficult strategic issues within human clusters, in particular due to the requirements that a landfill should meet, including the method of its establishment and closure. The main aim of the article is to present a case study of one, currently reclaimed landfill, located in Grudziądz - a district town in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province - at Rataja Street, which was closed down in 1997. The discussion of this case was, in turn, an answer to the question about one of the possible methods of landfill reclamation. The article is based on the results of the author’s own research - both in terms of field work and archive searches. The discussion of this case served to illustrate how the reclamation was carried out, what technologies of biogas recovery were used and what the results of the checks were.

The occurrence of Alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in north-eastern Poland.

Various species of mammals, including humans and wild boars, can serve as paratenic hosts of Alaria alata mesocercariae – Distomum musculorum suis (DMS). Cases of DMS can be reliably detected by the recent introduction of the A. alata mesocercariae migration technique (AMT). The aim of this study is to present current data on the occurrence of DMS in wild boars in north-eastern Poland, and to compare the findings with those obtained in other European countries. A. alata was identified in 98 of 221 (44.3%) tissue samples of wild boar taken from five provinces in north-eastern Poland during the hunting seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 based on AMT analysis. Positive results were found in all studied regions, but the percentage of infected individuals ranged from 26.3% in the Pomorskie province to 65.5% in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie province. The mean number of larvae exceeded seven larvae per 30 g sample for three provinces: Pomorskie, Mazowieckie and Lubelskie. In turn, lower values were found in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie province (3.3 larvae per 30 g), and the lowest in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province (1.8 larvae per 30 g). The occurrence and intensity of A. alata infestation in wild boars was found to depend on the environment in which they live. Neither the sex or the age of the wild boar appeared to influence the occurrence nor the intensity of infestation.

EVALUATION OF DIRECT PAYMENT IMPORTANCE ON CROP PRODUCTION FROM EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS – AN EXAMPLE OF THE BARCIN COMMUNE

Poland became a member of the European Union upon the Accession Treaty of 1 May 2004. As a result, the objective was to include domestic agricultural producers in the direct payment scheme and other rural development and agricultural support instruments functioning in successive financial frameworks executed as part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union. The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the importance of direct payments on crop production from EU funds in the opinion of farmers of the Barcin commune (the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province). The level of satisfaction with the crop production payments received, what the funds from the payments are used for and the expectations of the farmers in terms of the payments were investigated. The study involved the use of the survey method, a survey questionnaire carried out in 2014, which included 100 farmers. Results have shown that direct payments were appreciated by farmers who allocated the funds to meet current needs and investment purposes. The payments have enhanced the respondents’ produce quality and provided additional technical equipment on the farm. An increase in agricultural income due to European Union funds has encouraged farmers to remain in the farming profession in the future.

SUPPORTING INVESTMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN THE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE PROVINCE – A CASE STUDY OF THE BOROUGH OF KĘSOWO

The purpose of the study was to present issues in the field of supporting the production and distribution of energy from renewable sources, especially photovoltaic systems, in Kęsowo Borough. Energy from renewable sources enables energy efficiency and security to increase. In 2018, the Marshal’s Office in Toruń carried out activities supporting the production and distribution of energy from renewable sources as part of the Regional Operational Programme of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. One of the beneficiaries that obtained information on the demand for RES from the inhabitants of the Province was the rural Kęsowo Borough. Research employed the desk research analysis method. Analysis of subject literature and data from the Borough Office of Kęsowo facilitated establishing facts, verifying data and presenting results. 41 residents of Kęsowo Borough took advantage of the opportunity to support investments in renewable energy, including photovoltaic installations, solar collector installations and air heat pumps. Research has shown that the Borough did not fully utilise the available pool of funds, while the photovoltaic installations with the requested average power of 5.22 kW enjoyed the greatest interest.

The level of mood regulation in practicing hatha yoga in the background of people who do not practice this physical activity

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze mood regulation in people practicing hatha yoga in the background of people who do not practice this sport activity. Materials and Methods: 96 Respondents from the Slaskie and Kujawsko-Pomorskie province took part in the research The subjects were divided into two groups: practicing hatha yoga (N = 46) and control (N = 49). The analysis was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey using the standardized tool: Mood Control Scales. During the tests, the age and sex of the respondents were taken into account. Results: The average results of males and females exercising and not exercising hatha yoga in the Elevated Mood Scale are very similar to each other and range from 3.91 to 3.97 in women and from 3.87 to 3.91 in men. The results of men in the Depressed Mood Scale, as in the Elevated Mood Scale, differ slightly. However, a large difference, up to 0%, can be noticed by observing the results of women, 2.22 for exercising women and 2.79 for non-exercising women. Conclusions: Practicing hatha yoga has a beneficial effect on the level of mood regulation, contributing to the improvement of the mental state, the implementation of vital tasks and life goals and, consequently, reducing the negative mood and proper social functioning. Decreasing the level of low mood positively affects the quality of life. People with the ability to regulate the mood are less subject to mechanisms exacerbating the negative mood and, consequently, do not undertake the procedures leading to this mood. It can therefore be assumed that a bad mood is not treated in the category of failure, life catastrophe or a state without a way out. The conducted research allowed to show a greater tendency to reduce the level of low mood in women practicing hatha yoga. In the analysis, there were dependencies between the tendencies of mood regulation and gender. These dependencies were seen in women, whereas with men this did not play a significant role research did not play a significant role. However, there was no negative effect of the hatha yoga exercise on the level of mood.

Content and changes in dissolved organic matter in meadow and arable soils over time

<p>Considering the discrepancies in the reports on seasonal changes in the content of dissolved organic carbon, this paper concerns the research which aimed at defining the content and seasonal changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in arable and meadow soils in moderate climate conditions. The research has involved the soils sampled in the kujawsko-pomorskie province (Poland). Gleic Phaeozems (meadow soils), Brunic Arenosols and Eutric Cambisols were sampled from the depth of 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm, November 2011 through September 2013. The soil samples were analyzed for dry weight content, pH, content of total organic carbon and total nitrogen. DOM was extracted with 0.004 mol·dm<sup>-3</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub>, in the extracts the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt) were assayed. The share of DOC was determined by the soil management. The analysis of variance did not show significant differences in the content of TOC and Nt across the soil sampling dates. Were recorded changes in DOC and DNt between successive sampling dates; for topsoil for DOC – from -12.06% to 13.34% (meadow soils) and for DNt -40.84% to 47.44% (arable soils).</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

Energy and emergy analysis for assessing changes in Polish agriculture since the accession to the European Union

Energy and emergy methods were applied to assess two groups of agricultural farms in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province, north-central Poland. The first group consisted of 11 farms operating in 2002–2003, i.e. before the accession of Poland to the European Union (EU) occurred in 2004. The second group consisted of 8 farms operating in 2009–2012, i.e. after the accession of Poland to the EU. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of accession to the EU on agriculture in terms of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. All the investigated farms used conventional production methods for crop and livestock farming. The size of farms ranged from 8 to about 98 ha. The agricultural activities were conducted in agricultural holdings with similar physiographic, soil, and climatic conditions. Despite similar values of the total energy input to agricultural production, farms after accession to the EU showed higher yields and energy efficiency.While significant differences were found between energy-based indicators (energy efficiency, and production output) calculated before and after accession to EU, the emergy-based indicators did not show significant differences. The access to EU subsidies and new regulations determined a massive replacement of agricultural machinery with more modern and efficient ones while improving the use of chemical inputs.Future studies might focus on assessing the environmental performance and sustainability of Polish agriculture taking into account a larger set of farms located in different regions.

Determinants of marketing and logistics management in a micro-enterprise

Abstract At present, under the conditions of some turbulent changes observed in our environment, micro-enterprises seek for opportunities to win their competitive positions in the market and in the sectors in which they operate The aim of the article is to present marketing and logistics management as one of the methods applied to achieve the market objectives of micro-enterprises. As an integrated method, marketing and logistics management may contribute to the improvement in competitiveness; hence, the recognition of conditions required for the application of this method may also contribute to the improvement in competitiveness. In the article, a review of literature related to the discussed problems is presented. The expert literature on the analysed subject does not provide any publications on micro-enterprise management, and scientific research in that sector is very scarce and provides only some general data. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the processes taking place in the micro-enterprise sector in more detail, especially in the field of modern methods of management. In the article, some considerations on the specificity of integrated logistics and marketing processes are presented. Research methods: a review of expert literature and the Author’s own case-study research. The research was carried out in the years 2015-2018 among a group of micro-enterprises in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province, Łódzkie Province, Mazowieckie Province and Wielkopolskie Province. The aim of the research was to identify conditions required for marketing and logistics management in micro-enterprises and to define the impact exerted by the factors that determine the implementation of that process. Recognising knowledge as a fundamental determinant of the implementation of modern management methods in the aspect of micro-enterprise operation requires some in-depth analysis. The article presents the results of the research based on the case-study of integrated marketing and logistics management, on the example of a virtual micro-enterprise. The main conclusions: In a virtual micro-enterprise, it is possible to indicate the field of integration of marketing and logistics processes and to define their courses and conditions. Knowledge of logistics and marketing allows us to extend the field referring to the environment of the analysed company in virtual space.

DETERMINANTS OF THE MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF NATIVE LEGUMES IN POLAND

The aim of the article was to depict the achievable changes in the market for native legumes, in farms and feed production enterprises functioning. In implementing this objective, empirical research was conducted, which involved selected farms from kujawsko-pomorskie and wielkopolskie Province and producing leguminous crops and and feed production enterprises. The research shows that one of the main problems in the functioning of the market of native legumes is the lack of vertical integration between the feeder market contributors. As a result of the research, it was found while organizing market, one should make use of the online information and transaction platform.

Incidence, morbidity and 5-year survival of colorectal cancer patients in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship in 2005-2011, based on data from the National Health Fund.

The incidence, morbidity and 5-year survival rates illustrate the epidemiological situation of colorectal cancer and assess the effectiveness of the treatment. In Poland, the National Health Fund is the payer of benefits. The data related to morbidity, incidence, and 5-year survival may be supplementary to the epidemiological data of the National Cancer Registry. Analysis of benefits granted by NHF in Bydgoszcz to persons with diagnosed colorectal cancer in 2006-2011 including the assessment of incidence, morbidity and 5-year survival of the population in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province. The study analyzed the benefits recorded in the database of the National Health Fund in Bydgoszcz in 2006-2011 given to patients with colorectal cancer. The Kaplan-Meier method and the gambling rate were used to determine the probability of survival. In 2006-2011 men were offered 10.1% more benefits than women. The most frequent benefits were colorectal cancer (48.9%), rectal cancer (43.8%) and esophageal cancer (7.2%). In total, 50410 benefits were provided. Despite the increase in the number of women in the population, 388 more men died than women. The probability of survival was 46.8 %% and 42.6% for men and women, respectively, and 41.8%, 44.2% and 48.9% for colon cancer, esophageal and rectal folds, respectively. In the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province during the period of 2006-2011 the number of diagnosed colorectal cancers increased as did the overall number of benefits provided.There was also a downward trend for the total number of benefits granted in relation to the trend of the increase in the number of new diagnosed cases. Incidence and morbidity rates were variable, gradually increasing in subsequent years and amounted to 59/100000 and 67/100000, 355/100000 and 408/100000 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The probability of 5-year survival was 45.2%. Diagnosis of a disease in patients above 69 years of age increased the likelihood of death.

Sustainable transport development and passenger transport demand in Poland

Development of sustainable transportation is a process which involves promoting efficient transport systems meeting social expectations, while reducing any sub-optimal or harmful effects on public health, natural environment, economy and urban planning. Therefore, in the case of passenger transport, the most effective measure to achieve sustainable transport development is to maximize the share of public transport. This paper analyses trends in changes of demand for passenger transport in European Union Member States, in Poland and in Kujawsko-Pomorskie province, including in urban and non-urban areas. Based on collected data and extensive transport-related research of the authors, including surveys of residents, the most important conditions have been defined which affect passenger transport demand in Kujawsko-Pomorskie province, and a forecast has been attempted of the demand in three different scenarios of economic development (optimistic, stable and regressive) for various years. The projected public transport demand has been established on the basis of simulations using a proprietary transport model. Results of these calculations revealed surprising conclusions which indicate unfavourable trends in changes of the analysed demand and insignificant differences in projected transport needs, regardless of the selected economic development option for the country and the province.

Suillus lakei (Murrill) A. H. Sm. & Thiers (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Poland: new data

This study presents up-to-date data on the distribution of the Western Painted Suillus <em>Suillus lakei</em> in Poland. This alien species of fungus was first recorded in Poland in 2012, followed by a second recording in 2013. The third site, presented in this article, was discovered in 2016. A description of the newly discovered site and the basidiomata is given. All three sites of <em>S. lakei</em> are located on private properties overgrown with young Douglas fir. Two of the three recorded sites are located within the boundaries of the Wielkopolskie Province, and one in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. Further expansion of this fungus in Poland is expected.

Seasonal changes in the content of dissolved organic matter in arable soils

PurposeThe aim of this paper has been to determine the seasonal changes in the content of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the soils under agricultural use based on assaying changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt) as well as determining the factors which can define the DOM in soils.Materials and methodsThe research has involved the soils under agricultural use sampled in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province (Poland). Phaeozems and Luvisols were sampled from the depth of 0–30, 30–60, and 60–100 cm, November 2011 through September 2013, in November, March, May, July, and September. The soil samples were assayed for the grain size composition, pH, dry weight content, content of total organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Dissolved organic matter was extracted with 0.004 mol dm3 CaCl2; in the DOM extracts, the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt) were assayed. The research results were statistically verified.Results and discussionIt has been demonstrated that in the first year of research, the content of dissolved organic carbon in the soils was changing throughout the year. The highest differences in the content of that carbon fraction occurred across the soil sampled in autumn and the soil sampled in spring. In the second year of research, an inverse dependence was noted. DOC was migrating to deeper layers of the soil profile; yet, the migration got more intensive in summer. The content of dissolved nitrogen was not changing significantly throughout the year. Higher DNt content in the surface layer, in general, resulted in a higher content of dissolved nitrogen in deeper profile layer, which could have been due to leaching of the nutrient deep down the soil profile.ConclusionsThe content of dissolved organic carbon was significantly related to the content of total organic carbon and total nitrogen. Significant changes in the content of dissolved forms of nitrogen were reported in the profile of Phaeozems due to mineral fertilization and irrigation. The soils where irrigation and higher nitrogen rates had been applied demonstrated a higher content and share of soluble forms of nitrogen, as compared with the soils non-irrigated and the soils where lower nitrogen rates had been supplied.

Rola lidera lokalnego w generowaniu kapitału społecznego – studium przypadku z gminy Jeżewo

The aim of the article is to assess the role of local leaders in generating social capital in rural areas. The analysis is based on a study of Jezewo commune (Świecki county, Kujawsko-Pomorskie province). The study attempts to answer the following questions: Which personality traits and social conditions determine the possibility of becoming a local leader? Which initiatives can provide the basis for building social capital in the countryside? What is the leader’s role in generating social capital in rural areas? The results of the research indicate that the role of the local leader in creating social capital consists in activating the society by initiating and moderating various projects aimed at integrating the local community, intensifying relations and constructing local identity. According to the study, shared passions and interests can be the pivot of such grassroots projects.

Archeologia poza archaīos. Przykład obozu jeńców wojennych i internowanych w Tucholi (woj. kujawsko- -pomorskie)

This paper is a case study of a prisoner of war and internment camp in Tuchola (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province, Poland). The camp operated between 1914 and 1923. During the First World War it was run by Germans and later, during the Polish-Soviet War, by the Poles. The site provides a context for discussing two issues around archaeological research of the recent past. The first issue is how archaeology can be used to analyse the transformations of landscapes related to modern armed conflicts. The second point deals with the documentation and analysis of the remains of the camp using ALS derivatives. The main conclusion of this paper is that LiDAR technology can be also a useful tool in the context of approaching landscapes from the recent past.

THE ROLE OF THE EU SUPPORT IN DEVELOPMENT OF INLAND WATERWAY SHIPPING IN POLAND, AND THE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE PROVINCE

The aim article was to evaluate and compare certain statistics regarding inland waterway shipping in Poland. The authors of the analysis were particularly interested in the number of carried passengers and available passenger capacity in 2010-2014. What is more, the general characteristics of the inland waterway shipping in Poland were outlined, including examples of the main projects funded or co-funded by the European Union. The 2010-2013 secondary data from the Central Statistical Office was used to create a multi-dimensional statistical analysis, including such phenomena as the absolute and relative value increase, phenomenon change patterns, individual single-base and chain dynamics indices. It was noted that, in comparison to 2010, the number of passengers were increasing from 2011 to 2013. The research also proved that with the EU financial support, inland shipping in Poland and in the kujawsko-pomorskie province has a strong development potential. Transport is one of the fast-developing branches of the country's economy, and there is still a growing demand for its services. However, the role of passenger transport should receive more attention.