Kuhnian Paradigm Research Articles

고령사회 노인문화정책의 변화 고찰 및 과제

In 2025, South Korea is projected to enter a super-aged society with 20.6% of its population aged 65 and older. The Baby Boomer generation, which will constitute a significant portion of this aged society, values cultural needs, independence, and the identity of being a free and active participant in society. Thus, understanding the characteristics of an aging society and the new senior is essential, and policy responses based on this understanding are necessary. This study explains the policy lag phenomenon in cultural policies for an aging society, based on Thomas Kuhn's paradigm theory and the path dependency theory of new institutionalism. It demonstrates that the cultural policies for an aging society have not adequately responded to the aging population, using the low birth rate and aging society policies and senior cultural programs as case studies. The study found that society has shifted to an aging society centered on the Baby Boomer generation, which has high cultural activity demands. Despite the shift in social paradigms, the transition from senior policies to the “Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Aging Society” did not prioritize the fulfillment of cultural needs, but rather continued to focus primarily on employment policies, as seen in previous welfare policies. It was difficult to find policies implemented from the perspective of cultural activities for seniors in the first Basic Plan, and even in the second and third supplementary plans, the emphasis was predominantly on senior employment. Additionally, the budget for the representative senior cultural policy, the Senior Culture Program, decreased steadily from approximately 4.6 billion KRW in 2016 to 2.5 billion KRW in 2022, with the number of programs reducing from 391 in 2016 to 163 in 2023. This study, which highlights the changes in an aging society and the current state of senior cultural policies, can be used to develop policies that enhance the quality of life in an aging society. Moreover, it suggests the need for more detailed research to create more segmented cultural policies that address specific age groups and genders, rather than policies targeting everyone aged 65 and older as a single group.

AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF AL FARUQI'S THEORY OF ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THOMAS KUHN'S PARADIGM SHIFT THEORY

The discourse of Islamization of Knowledge proposed by Ismail Raji al Faruqi (d. 1986), which essentially seeks a paradigm shift from modern science to Islamic science, is increasingly interesting with more evidence being studied, either with an applied model, a comparison, or a critical one. In addition, the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), an institution founded by al Faruqi in 1981, which is responsible for realizing real Islamization, continues to grow to this day. These two things prove that al Faruqi's Islamization is one step ahead, when compared to other Islamization initiators such as Sayyed Hossein Nasr, Ziauddin Sardar, Najjar, or even Naquib al Attas. Al Faruqi's Islamization, which is based on a paradigm shift and the scientific community, seems to align with Thomas Kuhn's model of scientific revolution, which also requires a paradigm shift and the scientific community. Therefore, this article aims to examine the Islamization theory proposed by al Faruqi from Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift perspective. This study is a literature review. The data would be analyzed using content analysis, where the researchers perform an interpretation of the data. The approach used is the philosophy of science approach, which serves to outline the structure of science schemed by al Faruqi and Kuhn. This study concludes that the Islamization of knowledge proclaimed by al Faruqi and his scientific community is certainly a process of shifting the paradigm of Western science to the paradigm of Islamic science. Thus, al Faruqi's Islamization is a scientific revolution.

Identidad y Transformaciones: La Ciencia de la Información Documental ante los desafíos de la realidad actual

Identidad y Transformaciones: La Ciencia de la Información Documental ante los desafíos de la realidad actual

A Paradigm Shift in Future Job Security Among Students in Pakistan: Insights from Lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

A Paradigm-Shift in Future Job Security Among Students in Pakistan has deep-rooted socio-economic implications, particularly affecting students and young graduates. The Lower Dir region within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa serves as a unique context for examining the multi-faceted dynamics shaping students' evolving perceptions of job security. Our study investigates these factors and their impact on students in this region, aiming to offer comprehensive insights into the shifting paradigms of job security. The research uses Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift theory as a theoretical framework to explore changing perceptions of job security. The conceptual framework delves into socio-economic factors impacting students' perceptions in the Lower Dir region. The study universe encompasses students within Lower Dir, focusing on understanding their evolving attitudes regarding job security. Sampling methods employed the Sekaran table to determine a sample size of 327 from the total population of 3,426. Data collection involved structured interviews with a Likert scale. SPSS software was used for data analysis, including univariate and bi-variate analyses and a T-Test to understand the association between variables. The research suggests addressing socio-economic determinants to shape students' perceptions, informing policy-making and educational interventions. The study recommended that policy interventions should align educational curricula with industry demands, fostering entrepreneurial skills and providing career guidance.

Analysis of robot as a substitute for barista using Thomas Kuhn's paradigm theory approach: barista robot at Family Mart store

Technological developments have created many innovations that help make human life more manageable. One of these developments is the Bariska Robot presented at the Family Mart Grand Indonesia Store, Jakarta. Even though its existence is welcomed, quite a few feel that it is a threat to humans because it is considered that it can replace the role of the Barista. The presence of robot baristas cannot replace the baristas themselves. Baristas have values ​​that apparently cannot be imitated by robots. In this research, the author used the library research method to collect information according to the needs of this research. As well as using Thomas S. Kuhn's ideas to examine the role of paradigms in the scientific revolution. Which is the basis of the technological changes that occur.

Turkish Foreign Policy in the Centennial Republican Anniversary: Quo Vadis?

The Republic of Türkiye is proudly celebrating its centennial anniversary as a nation erected on the ashes of the Ottoman Empire, which had reigned for six centuries until it was wrecked by the First World War. Since the end of the Cold War, Türkiye has been incrementally attracting more and more attention in world politics compared to any previous era. The more Türkiye is under the spotlight, the more it increases its activist foreign policy, becoming routine under the AK Party led by Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Thus, Turkish foreign policy (TFP), in return has also attracted substantial scholarly work not only from the national International Relations students and scholars but also from foreign policy analysts both in Türkiye and abroad.

Analysis of Paradigm Shift Toward the Transformation of Nahdlatul Ulama’s Political Orientation

This article discusses the process of paradigm shift of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)’s national politics orientation. Considering Thomas S. Kuhn's paradigm shift concept, particularly the revolutionary stages, there was a separation of the national political transformation period in NU. A paradigm shift which opens awareness in understanding the science does only happens in established objectivity. The product of ijtihad, due to the deposition of knowledge, always has natural subjectivity with what they believe as the truth. Thus, innovative movements in finding alternative linear formulations that can always form dialogue with the times must always be carried out. Through literary work, this article illustrates that demarcation boundaries of the occurrence of NU's national political shift characterized by the pre-normal phase, normal phase, anomaly-crisis phase, and new-normal phase. Utilizing Kuhn’s perspective as tool of analysis, this study finds out that there are a few stages of paradigm shift experienced by NU. NU's struggles marked the pre-normal phase as an embryo before finally becoming an organization. The birth and development of NU marked the intermediate phase as a socio-political-religious organization on the track of the struggle. The anomaly-crisis phase occurred when NU metamorphosed into a political party, involved in interests, and strayed from its goals. The new-normal phase was marked by NU's return to Khittah in 1926, which meant returning to a social-religious-based organization. NU has returned to the struggle to fill and maintain independence through national politics in this phase.

Leveraging the Academic Artificial Intelligence Silecosystem to Advance the Community Oncology Enterprise.

Over the last 75 years, artificial intelligence has evolved from a theoretical concept and novel paradigm describing the role that computers might play in our society to a tool with which we daily engage. In this review, we describe AI in terms of its constituent elements, the synthesis of which we refer to as the AI Silecosystem. Herein, we provide an historical perspective of the evolution of the AI Silecosystem, conceptualized and summarized as a Kuhnian paradigm. This manuscript focuses on the role that the AI Silecosystem plays in oncology and its emerging importance in the care of the community oncology patient. We observe that this important role arises out of a unique alliance between the academic oncology enterprise and community oncology practices. We provide evidence of this alliance by illustrating the practical establishment of the AI Silecosystem at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and its team utilization by community oncology providers.

Understanding resilience in sustainable development: Rallying call or siren song?

AbstractThis article asks how the concept of resilience has been used in development studies. Set amidst the rise of resilience in sustainable development, it offers insights for scholars and policymakers, alike. Sampling 419 journal articles from 2017 to 2022, it uses Kuhnian paradigms to analyse development knowledge production on resilience. This produces three key findings. First is the absence of a coherent resilience paradigm (with shared definitions, problems and methods) in development studies. Second is its use, instead, by incumbent development paradigms in piecemeal fashion to extend and/or repackage pre‐existing arguments. Third are ensuing possibilities for resilience as both a rallying call and siren song in sustainable development. Ultimately, resilience‐based research and policy discourses open vital space for collective action across interdisciplinary and international divides. However, a lack of critical awareness of its non‐uniform use can produce more harm than help. If the language of resilience is to advance collective prospects for development cooperation and climate action, then it will help to know precisely what we each are talking about.

Beyond Kuhnian paradigms: Normal science and theory dependence in ecology.

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn has influenced scientists for decades. It focuses on a progression of science involving periodic, fundamental shifts-revolutions-from one existing paradigm to another. Embedded in this theory is the concept of normal science, that is, scientists work within the confines of established theory, a process often compared to a type of puzzle-solving. This Kuhnian aspect of scientific research has received little attention relative to the much-scrutinized concepts of revolutions and paradigms. We use Kuhn's normal science framework to reflect on the way ecologists practice science. This involves a discussion of how theory dependence influences each step of the scientific method, specifically, how past experiences and existing research frameworks guide the way ecologists acquire knowledge. We illustrate these concepts with ecological examples, including food web structure and the biodiversity crisis, emphasizing that the way one views the world influences how that person engages in scientific research. We conclude with a discussion of how Kuhnian ideas inform ecological research at practical levels, such as influences on grant funding allocation, and we make a renewed call for the inclusion of philosophical foundations of ecological principles in pedagogy. By studying the processes and traditions of how science is carried out, ecologists can better direct scientific insight to address the world's most pressing environmental problems.

Nature and causes of questionable research practice and research misconduct from a philosophy of science perspective

ABSTRACT Misconduct in science is often viewed and analyzed through the lenses of normative ethics and moral philosophy. However, notions and methods in the philosophy of science could also provide rather penetrative explanatory insights into the nature and causes of scientific misconduct. A brief illustration in this regard, using as examples the widely popular Popperian falsification and the Kuhnian scientific paradigm, is provided. In multiple areas of scientific research, failure to seek falsification in a Popperian manner constitutes a questionable research practice and could lead to “falsification” in the context of research misconduct. On the other hand, scientific misconduct is often facilitated by its perpetrators using the familiarity, expectations and confines of a Kuhnian paradigm to blend in fabricated data/results. A rudimentary application of these philosophical notions could be useful in our understanding of the nature and cause of research misconduct, and facilitate mitigation of the latter through educational means.

Paradigm Shifts in the Interpretation of Heaven Illustration Among Indonesian Mufassir: A Comparative Analysis of As-Singkili, Hamka, and M. Quraish

This article examines the changes in the interpretation of the illustration of heaven among Indonesian mufassirin (interpreters), including As-Singkili, Hamka, and M. Quraish Shihab, using Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift theory. The study reveals a shift in the meaning of the illustration of heaven in each generation of interpreters in Indonesia, particularly in the areas of the width of heaven, the river that flows beneath heaven, fruits in heaven, spouses and houris (heavenly virgins) in heaven, and the color green and adornment for humans in heaven. The article concludes that As-Singkili's interpretation is considered normal science as it remains literal, whereas Hamka and M. Quraish Shihab's interpretations are categorized under scientific revolution due to the rationalization and development of their interpretations still based on normal science or literal texts. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolution of interpretation of Islamic texts in Indonesia.

The New Economics: A Manifesto

Steve Keen has written an important book that should spark the interest of economists and others interested in pressing economic problems. It contains six chapters. The introductory chapter is entitled ‘Why this manifesto?’ It argues that economics is in a bad state and that a Kuhnian paradigm shift is required to overcome the limitations of the neoclassical approach. Although the necessary changes have been long resisted, such a paradigm change is now deemed possible because of (i) ‘the development of … computer software that can easily handle large-scale dynamic and even evolutionary processes’ (p. 14), (ii) the development of post-Keynesian, and other non-neoclassical theory in recent decades, particularly the ‘modern monetary theory’ of Warren Mosler, Randall Wray, Stephanie Kelton, and others, and (iii) the upsurge of protest by economics students and others against the alleged failure of their teachers to explain the Great Crash of 2008 or to take it seriously as a problem for mainstream economics.

The Beethoven Syndrome: Hearing Music as Autobiography, by Mark Evan Bonds

<i>The Beethoven Syndrome: Hearing Music as Autobiography</i>, by Mark Evan Bonds

Atom Teorileri Paradigma Değişimi Açısından Değerlendirilebilir mi?

Atom is one of the most controversial and interesting subjects of first natural philosophy and natural sciences. It has preoccupied people's minds since ancient times. This historical adventure, which started with the ancient Greek atomism and Muslim scholars in the Middle Ages also contributed to ideas of atom. Since atomism was far from the possibilities of experimentation in the early periods, it was tried to be proved by rational reasoning. XIX. In the 19th century, the concept of the atom has become one of the fundamental phenomena of modern science. By the 20th century, it was understood that this fundamental particle, which was thought to be indivisible, could be divided into more fundamental parts, thanks to both experimental evidence and scientific and technological developments. In fact, thanks to the atom, energies that could not even be imagined before having begun to be obtained.&#x0D; In our study, first, this journey of the atom will be discussed. Later, the Kuhnian approach, which deeply affected the history of science studies in the second half of the 20th century, will be examined. For this, the concepts of paradigm and non-comparability will be discussed. Then, the place of this Kuhnian approach in the history of the atom, which is given in the first part of the study, will be discussed. The Kuhnian paradigm was frequently used by Kuhn and his followers, especially in explanations in the history of astronomy. In our study, it will be shown in the explanatory power of this approach is weak when the atomic history is examined.

Midwifing a Science of Consciousness: the Role of Kuhnian Paradigms

Midwifing a Science of Consciousness: the Role of Kuhnian Paradigms

Is the chemical imbalance an ‘urban legend’? An exploration of the status of the serotonin theory of depression in the scientific literature

The theory that depression is caused by a serotonin abnormality or other chemical imbalance has become widely accepted by the public and is one prominent justification for the use of antidepressants. However, it has been increasingly questioned and there is little evidence it has empirical support. In response, leading psychiatrists suggested it was an ‘urban legend’ that was never taken seriously by the psychiatric profession. To interrogate these claims, we examined the coverage of the serotonin theory of depression in a sample of highly cited and influential academic literature from 1990, when the theory started to be popularized, to 2010 when these responses were articulated. We analysed 30 highly cited reviews of the aetiology of depression in general, 30 highly cited papers on depression and serotonin specifically and a sample of influential textbooks. The majority of the aetiology reviews supported the hypothesis, including some that were entirely devoted to describing research on the serotonin system, and those that reviewed the aetiology of depression more broadly. Research papers on the serotonin system in depression were highly cited and most of them strongly supported the serotonin theory. All textbooks supported the theory, at least in some sections, and devoted substantial coverage to it, although some also acknowledged it remained provisional. The findings suggest that the serotonin theory was endorsed by the professional and academic community. The theory is compared to an exhausted Kuhnian paradigm with professional equivocation about it acting as a means of defending it against encroaching criticism. The analysis suggests that, despite protestations to the contrary, the profession bears some responsibility for the propagation of a theory that has little empirical support and the mass antidepressant prescribing it has inspired.

Menilik Perkembangan Tafsir Feminis di Indonesia Ala Thomas Kuhn

This study aims to discuss the development of feminist interpretation in Indonesia through the existence of Husein Muhammad's thoughts. This research method is qualitative through literature study with the theory of the scientific revolution initiated by Thomas Kuhn through an interpretation approach. The results and discussion of this research include a discussion of Thomas Kuhn's paradigm transition, the dynamics of feminist interpretation in Indonesia, the discourse of feminist interpretation in Indonesia according to Thomas Kuhn's paradigm transition theory, and Husein Muhammad's feminist interpretation. This study concludes that Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift is used in interpreting feminist topics in Indonesia, which have undergone a paradigmatic transition at various levels. Tafsir Al-Qur'an Indonesia has undergone a paradigmatic transition in the classical, modern, and contemporary era. One of the commentators whose work was mapped out this time was Husein Muhammad who was in the neo-modern or contemporary era. This research is expected to have significant benefits for fans of the study of the Al-Qur'an and gender. This research only raises issues related to one feminist commentator. Then, this study recommends that in the future a more up-to-date understanding of the role of feminist commentators can be generated through a comprehensive study of western thoughts that refers to the literature on the interpretation of the Al-Qur'an in particular.

ANALYSIS OF KARL MARX'S THOUGHT IN "VALUE, PRICE AND PROFIT" ON THOMAS KUHN’S SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM AND UMAR BIN KHATTAB’S FIQH OF ECONOMIC

This study examined the relationship between Karl Marx’s thought and the concept of Thomas Kuhn's paradigm. The thought of Karl Marx employed in this article is a copy of Karl Marx's speech entitled "value, price and profit". The Karl Marx’s thought was analyzed using the four phases of science development from Thomas Kuhn. Furthermore, the thought of Karl Marx was also reviewed in terms of Islamic Economics, particularly Umar bin Khattab’s Fiqh of Economic. The methodology used in this research is a literature review with various references related to the issues raised. The results of the analysis present that Karl Marx's thought contained in the speech "value, price and profit" fulfill the four phases of science development from Thomas Kuhn. The thought of Karl Marx also possesses some similarities with the concept of distribution of Umar bin Khattab.

Metode, Pendekatan Ilmiah, Model Pemikiran Dan Teori Revolusi Paradigma Thomas Samuel Kuhn

Thomas S. Khun made a big contribution to the history of the philosophy of science, namely the broad realization of the theories he initiated in the social sciences. In social sciences such as education or politics in terms of figure of speech or parallelism, Kuhn's theory has been added. Kuhn considers history as the main lens in an effort to study fundamentals via epistemology. The purpose of this research is to find out the biography of Thomas S Kuhn, to explore the philosophical basis of Thomas S Kuhn's thinking, to find out the type of Thomas S Kuhn's paradigm and to find out the contribution of Thomas S Kuhn's Paradigm . This article was compiled using the library research method or literature study. The results of the study show that the scientific dynamics of education is able to contextualize Thomas S. Kuhn's thoughts about the process of the birth of science to be able to reach and gain knowledge and knowledge through a combination of problem solving activities of an educator which has a major influence in helping students achieve their expectations.