Background: Aging is associated with declines in balance, gait, and cognitive functions, increasing fall risk and diminishing quality of life. Exergame training, which integrates cognitive and motor tasks, has emerged as a promising intervention to address these issues. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exergame-based training and conventional dual-task training on physical function in older adults. Methods: Thirty community-dwelling older adults aged 60–75 years were randomly assigned to an exergame group ([Formula: see text]) or a dual-task group (n = 15). Both groups completed 30[Formula: see text]min training sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. The exergame group performed interactive cognitive–motor stepping tasks with real-time visual and auditory feedback using the Dividat Senso platform, whereas the dual-task group performed conventional physical exercises combined with simultaneous cognitive tasks. Balance (surface area, weight distribution, and limit of stability) was assessed using a Physiosensing platform; gait (cadence, velocity, and stride length) was measured with a G-Walk sensor; and cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K). Paired t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for statistical analysis. The study protocol was approved by the Sehan University Institutional Review Board (IRB No. SH-IRB 2025-006). Results: Both groups showed significant improvements across all measures ([Formula: see text]). The exergame group demonstrated greater gains in surface area, limit of stability, cadence, and velocity ([Formula: see text]), whereas weight distribution, stride length, and cognitive scores did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: A 12-week exergame program yielded superior improvements in dynamic balance and gait speed compared with dual-task training, supporting its use as an effective strategy for enhancing mobility and preventing falls in older adults.

Although occupational stress is a major risk factor for high anxiety in employees, the specific mechanisms underlying this relationship are not sufficiently established. This study investigated an interpersonal model of anxiety development in employees, wherein occupational stress is associated with burnout and burnout affects risk for anxiety, and examined whether this mediation is moderated by grit. The 11,421 participants, aged 19-65 years, were employees of 18 private companies and local government organizations in South Korea. They completed the Korean versions of the Occupational Stress Scale, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale, and Grit Scale. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro. The association between occupational stress and anxiety is mediated only by exhaustion (b=0.348, 95% confidence interval [0.330, 0.367]), not by disengagement. Moreover, the effect of exhaustion on anxiety is moderated by grit, with the effect being stronger for employees with low grit (passion: b=1.245, p<0.001; perseverance: b=1.274, p<0.001) than for those with high grit (passion: b=0.797, p<0.001; perseverance: b=1.004, p<0.001). The study findings contribute to the understanding of how occupational stress is associated with anxiety in workplace, and have practical implications for preventing burnout and nurturing grit to protect employees' mental health.

BackgroundPhysical activity and diet quality are key determinants of chronic disease prevention and overall health. However, their population-level time trends and between-year differences in cross-sectional associations remain underexplored.AimsThis study examined secular trends in physical activity and diet quality among Korean adults from 2018 to 2021 and assessed whether the cross-sectional association between adherence to WHO physical activity guidelines and diet quality varied across survey years.MethodsData were drawn from 18,976 adults aged 19-79 years participating in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Physical activity was assessed using the Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and classified according to the WHO guideline (≥150 min/week). Diet quality was measured using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between physical activity adherence and higher diet quality, adjusting for age, gender, smoking, alcohol use, and body mass index. Meta-regression evaluated the between-year variation in the cross-sectional association.ResultsPhysical activity levels remained stable across survey years, whereas diet quality significantly declined (Plinear = 0.04), particularly among women, non-smokers, alcohol consumers, and individuals with underweight or overweight. In year-specific cross-sectional models, meeting the physical activity recommendation was associated with 31% higher odds of higher diet quality (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48, p < 0.001). This association did not significantly change over time.ConclusionsFrom 2018 to 2021, diet quality declined among Korean adults despite stable physical activity levels. Although physical activity adherence was consistently associated with higher diet quality, no significant temporal trends were observed in this relationship.

Drawing on the theory of constructed emotion (Barrett et al., 2001), this study examined how emotion differentiation influences the relationship between affect intensity and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. A total of 102 university students and young adults completed an online scenario rating task (SRT). Data from this task were used to derive levels of emotion differentiation and affect intensity for positive and negative emotional situations. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies were assessed using the Korean version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (K-CERQ). Results showed that emotion differentiation did not moderate the overall relationship between affect intensity and cognitive emotion regulation strategies; however, the use of specific strategies differed depending on the level of emotion differentiation. Higher negative emotion differentiation was associated with reduced use of positive refocusing in high-intensity negative emotional situations, whereas lower positive emotion differentiation was associated with greater self-blame in high-intensity positive emotional situations. Additional analyses indicated that participants with higher emotion differentiation were better able to distinguish between similar emotions and reported lower affect intensity for those emotions than those with lower emotion differentiation. These findings suggest that emotion differentiation may regulate the link between affect intensity and emotion regulation strategies by providing more precise information about emotional experiences. This study contributes to research on constructed emotion and emotion differentiation in a Korean sample. It further suggests that emo tion regulation interventions and training should consider individuals’ levels of emotion differentiation.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool (K-HWEAT), originally developed by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Methods: The study was conducted among nurses working at three university hospitals located in metropolitan areas between May 29 and October 10, 2019. A total of 543 nurses participated. Data were analyzed using AMOS version 26.0 to assess the construct validity of the K-HWEAT. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis initially failed to meet acceptable model fit indices. Model fit improved after reassigning item 1 from factor 1 to factor 2 and item 12 from factor 4 to factor 6, as well as allowing correlated error terms based on high modification indices. Following these adjustments, standardized root mean square residual remained unchanged (0.05 to 0.05) and root mean square error of approximation decreased from 0.09 to 0.07, whereas goodness of fit index increased from 0.88 to 0.91, adjusted goodness of fit index from 0.83 to 0.86, Normed Fit Index from 0.85 to 0.89, and comparative fit index from 0.88 to 0.92. The K-HWEAT demonstrated a moderate correlation with the Korean version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (r=.60, p&lt;.001), supporting criterion validity. The overall Cronbach’s α was .92, with the six factors showing internal consistency coefficients ranging from 0.62 to 0.74. Conclusion: These findings support the reliability and validity of the K-HWEAT. However, further conceptual refinement of individual items may be necessary to enhance construct clarity.

Childbirth-related fears contribute to both physical and psychological challenges in women, including complicated deliveries and postpartum depression. In South Korea, these fears have primarily been assessed using generalized anxiety measurement tools, which have limited accuracy because they do not specifically capture fear related to childbirth. This study aimed to translate the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ) into Korean and to evaluate its reliability and validity. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. The Korean version of the W-DEQ was developed using a forward-backward translation process. Data obtained from face-to-face surveys conducted with 200 women were analyzed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instrument, including its validity and reliability. The mean age of the participants was 33 years; 32.5% were aged 35 years or older, and 61% were nulliparous expectant mothers. Confirmatory factor analysis identified the best-fitting model and supported construct validity. The Korean W-DEQ consists of 26 items rated on a 6-point scale and encompasses four factors: fear, lack of expectation, isolation, and perceived risk. All factor loadings were ≥0.4, and all item-total correlations exceeded 0.2, indicating acceptable reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity testing supported construct validity. Significant correlations between the Korean W-DEQ and measures of depression and childbirth confidence confirmed its concurrent validity. Nulliparous women scored significantly higher on perceived risk of baby injury than did parous women. The Korean W-DEQ demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, confirming its usefulness for assessing maternal fear of childbirth in both nulliparous and multiparous women.

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic neuropathic pain condition with limited treatment options. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-based antioxidant with neuroprotective properties, has not been clinically evaluated as a topical agent for BMS. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topically applied liquid NAC in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life of patients with BMS. In a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized, open-label study, 114 patients with BMS were allocated to receive liquid NAC oral rinse, oral clonazepam, or combination therapy for eight weeks. Symptoms were assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8 using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Korean version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14K). Across all three groups, VAS scores declined significantly within groups from baseline to week 4 and to week 8; however, the magnitude of VAS change did not differ between groups at either time point. For OHIP‑14K, significant within‑group decreases were observed in the liquid NAC and combination groups from baseline to weeks 4 and 8, whereas the clonazepam group showed a significant decrease only from week 4 to week 8 and not from baseline. At week 4, the combination group achieved a larger OHIP‑14K reduction than either monotherapy; by week 8, between‑group differences were no longer significant. Topically applied liquid NAC, alone or in combination with clonazepam, effectively reduced pain and enhanced patient-reported outcomes. These findings support the potential of a localized and safe strategy targeting neuropathic mechanisms in BMS. Topically administered liquid NAC demonstrates potential as an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy for managing BMS, offering symptom relief with minimal systemic burden. Although the combination with clonazepam did not demonstrate sustained superiority at 8 weeks, its principal advantage is a faster onset of improvement in OHIP‑14K, evident by week 4.

ABSTRACT Crisis self‐efficacy reflects individuals' beliefs in their ability to manage crises and plays a crucial role in shaping responses during emergency situations. To support crisis preparedness in South Korea, a validated instrument for assessing self‐efficacy in crisis contexts is required. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Crisis Self‐Efficacy Index (K‐CSI). The translation and cultural adaptation followed the guidelines proposed by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. Psychometric analyses were conducted using data from 230 Korean adults aged 18–65 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the factor structure, while criterion validity was assessed using the General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Social Desirability Scale‐9 (SDS‐9). Exploratory factor analysis supported an 11‐item, three‐factor structure consisting of Action Efficacy, Preventive Efficacy, and Achievement and Coping Efficacy. The K‐CSI demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.95) and showed significant correlations with the GSES (r = 0.64) and the SDS‐9 (r = 0.18). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated mixed but overall acceptable model fit (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.10 [90% CI: 0.09–0.12], SRMR = 0.03). These findings support the applicability of the K‐CSI as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing crisis self‐efficacy among Korean adults and suggest its potential utility in both research and clinical practice in Korea.

Psychometric Properties of the Korean King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale and Its Associations With Clinical Factors and Quality of Life.

BackgroundIn‐home caregiving for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) significantly increases caregiver stress. While both family members and professional caregivers face substantial challenges, there is limited understanding of how they perceive their stress. This secondary analysis examined the differences and similarities in perceived stress among family caregivers and home care workers, both frontline caregivers who may experience varying levels of stress while providing care at home.MethodWe analyzed baseline data from 41 family caregivers and 17 home care workers, all primary caregivers for individuals with ADRD. Data for family caregivers were collected from a study in Sweden that focused on a music‐based intervention for individuals with ADRD and their co‐residing family caregivers. Home care worker data came from a study on wearable technology among Korean immigrants. Stress was measured using the 10‐item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10) in its Swedish and Korean versions, respectively. Responses were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale, with coping subscale items reversed to reflect higher stress. Independent samples t‐tests were performed to compare total PSS‐10 scores (range: 0‐40), stress subscale scores (range: 0‐24), and coping subscale scores (range: 0‐16) between family caregivers and home care workers.ResultFamily caregivers (mean age: 74.88, range: 37‐90) were significantly older than home care workers (mean age: 61.94, range: 52‐75) (p < .01). While all family caregivers managed care for one individual, five home care workers (29.41%) cared for more than one individual. Family caregivers reported significantly higher stress levels (M±SD=15.66±7.02) compared to home care workers (M±SD=11.94±3.88) (p = .045). Specifically, family caregivers had significantly higher stress subscale scores (M±SD=10.56±5.54) than home care workers (M±SD: 7.35±3.06) (p = .029). However, no significant differences were observed in coping subscale scores (p > .05).ConclusionThe findings revealed that family caregivers experienced higher stress levels with older age, compared to home care workers. This suggests the need for tailored interventions to address the elevated stress and improve their well‐being.

BackgroundFocused ultrasound (FUS)–mediated blood‐brain barrier (BBB) opening is safe and potentially beneficial in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the removal of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques. However, the optimal BBB opening intervals and number of treatment sessions for clinical improvement remain undefined. ThMethodIn this open‐label prospective study, 6 patients with AD were enrolled from June 2022 to July 2023. FUS mediated BBB opening was performed three times at 2‐month intervals targeting the bilateral frontal lobes. 18F‐florbeta ben positron emission tomography (FBB‐PET) was performed before the first procedure and after the third procedure. Patients were administered neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric evaluations.ResultAll 6 participants completed the study without any acute treatment‐related adverse events. An extensive area of BBB opening (mean 43.1 cm3), more than twice as large as the opening volume (mean 20 cm3) in the authors’ previ ous study, was confirmed by contrast‐enhanced MRI. FBB‐PET scans demonstrated a 14.9‐Centiloid average decrease in Aβ plaques in 4 of the 6 participants (67%), but the Aβ plaques increased in 2 participants after BBB opening, com pared with baseline. No significant changes were observed in the Korean version of the Mini–Mental State Examination in either group. Caregiver‐Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores improved in 5 of 6 participants (83%), indicat ing an improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms.ConclusionThis study confirmed the safety and efficacy of more frequent and extensive bilateral frontal BBB opening over multiple sessions in patients with AD. Furthermore, this is the first clinical trial to demonstrate improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms through BBB opening alone, without concurrent administration of antibody medications.

ABSTRACT The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is widely used to assess daytime sleepiness, but validation in Korean populations has been limited. Prior studies targeted specific groups and relied on classical test theory, which is sample-dependent and provides limited item-level insights. To address these limitations, this study applied Rasch analysis to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. This study applied Rasch analysis to evaluate the Korean version of the scale. Data from 751 adults (mean age = 46.2 years; 376 men, 375 women) were analyzed using the Rasch rating scale model. Model – data fit was acceptable (mean Infit = 1.03 ± 0.14; Outfit = 0.98 ± 0.10), unidimensionality was supported (first contrast = 1.68), and local independence was confirmed. Item difficulties ranged from −1.86 to 2.28 logits, with high item separation (17.33) and reliability (1.00). Person ability averaged −1.9 logits (SD = 1.52), but separation (1.69) and reliability (0.74) were below recommended thresholds, indicating limited discriminative power. Rating scale categories were properly ordered (thresholds = −2.48, 0.39, 2.09). Differential item functioning analyses revealed no item bias by gender; however, several items showed age-relateddifferences across the age groups. The Korean version demonstrated strong structural validity and stable measurement performance at the item level, although person-level reliability was modest. The presence of age-related differences and reduced measurement sensitivity for individuals with low levels of sleepiness highlight areas for refinement. Further validation in clinical and age-specific groups is recommended.

The growing population of aging Korean American nursing home residents underscores the need for culturally tailored care. This study developed and evaluated a clinical decision-support system (CDSS) based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International, Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) for US Korean American nursing home nurses. We used GPT-4.0 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) to generate 130 customized nursing care scenarios incorporating the relevant NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC elements. Subsequently, the RN Korean version CDSS' was developed using a large language model. System usability was evaluated using the Korean System Usability Scale; Korean Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease-of-Use questionnaire; and Korean Nielsen heuristic evaluation. The SUS results indicated favorable scores, while USE was rated positively. Ease of learning was rated the highest. Expert evaluations of heuristic principles revealed diverse ratings, with particularly favorable ratings for user control and freedom. However, principles such as flexibility and efficiency of use, and the match between the system and real-world contexts scored lower, highlighting areas of improvement. The proposed NNN CDSS can improve communication and care delivery, thereby enhancing care quality for diverse populations and supporting health equity among US nursing homes.

Development of a Brief Korean Version Quality of Life Questionnaire for Incontinence: Combining the Incontinence Quality of Life and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire for Korean Women With Urinary Incontinence

Medication adherence is crucial for long-term outcomes in bipolar disorder. Despite the rising use of aripiprazole, a longacting injectable for bipolar disorder, once monthly to improve adherence and manage side effects, research on its effects in South Korean patients with bipolar disorder is limited. In this non-interventional, retrospective study, medical records were used to analyze aripiprazole once monthly treatment from its initiation in routine clinical settings. The data were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Functional level and symptom severity were measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression-Bipolar-Severity (CGI-BP-S), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Korean version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (K-MADRS), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Additionally, the dosages and number of pills of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, and the total number of medications, were recorded. Among 24 patients with bipolar disorder, significant functional improvement and symptom relief were observed over 1 year, with a significant reduction in total pill count and dosages of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Specifically, the GAF score increased by 25.7% (p=0.001), while CGI-BP-S, YMRS, K-MADRS, and HAM-A scores decreased by 24.4% (p=0.001), 81.2% (p=0.001), 36.2% (p=0.002), and 36.1% (p=0.003), respectively. Six patients reported side effects such as akathisia, tremors, weight gain, and headache, but no severe adverse effects were noted. This study showed significant improvement in functional outcomes and mood symptoms with monthly aripiprazole treatment in bipolar disorder. Mood stabilizer and antipsychotic dosages were also reduced. The results highlight the proactive role of longacting injectable antipsychotics in enhancing functioning, symptoms, and quality of life in bipolar disorder.

Objective The potential risk of diagnostic conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar disorder with antidepressant use, particularly serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), remains debated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SSRI and SNRI use and the risk of diagnostic conversion. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korean version of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model (OMOP-CDM). The target cohort comprised patients prescribed SNRIs, while the comparator cohort included those prescribed SSRIs. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of bipolar disorder occurring at least six months after antidepressant initiation. Results After propensity score adjustment, no significant difference in the risk of diagnostic conversion was observed between SSRI and SNRI users. In the distributed network analysis, SNRI use was not significantly associated with an increased risk of diagnostic conversion compared to SSRI use after both 1:1 propensity score matching (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.90–1.82; I 2 = 24.1%) and 1:2 propensity score matching (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.88–1.53, I 2 = 0%). Conclusions This study observed no significant difference in the risk of diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder between SSRI and SNRI users.

This cross-sectional comparative study assessed psychological problems using the Korean version of the Youth Self-Report Scale (K-YSR) among 206 South Korean adolescents and 130 North Korean refugee adolescents enrolled in middle and high schools in Gyeonggi Province. The inclusion criteria included adolescents aged 13-18 years at middle or high school and residing in South Korea for at least 6 months (for North Korean refugees). Data were collected in October 2025. North Korean refugee adolescents showed significantly higher scores of anxiety/depression (F = 11.304, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.033), somatic symptoms (F = 20.997, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.060), social immaturity (F = 11.083, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.032), rule-breaking behavior (F = 12.851, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.037), and aggressive behavior (F = 50.386, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.132). Notably, the largest effect size (η2 = 0.132) was observed in the aggressive behavior domain, while the somatic symptoms also showed a moderate effect size (η2 = 0.060). In the ANCOVA analysis, controlling for gender and age as covariates, female students scored higher in the anxiety/depression and somatic symptoms domains, while male students scored higher in the rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior domains. North Korean refugee adolescents experience various psychological difficulties during their adaptation to South Korean society. These results can be used as basic data to detect mental health problems in North Korean adolescent refugees early and develop customized support plans.

This study aimed to examine the association between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and sleep quality among Korean adults, taking into account various smoking behaviors and cumulative exposure. Data were drawn from the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS), a nationally representative dataset. A total of 159,505 participants aged ≥ 19 years were included. Sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Smoking behavior was classified into five groups: dual users, exclusive e-cigarette users, conventional cigarette smokers, former smokers, and never smokers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between smoking behavior and poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables. Sensitivity analyses accounted for cumulative exposure using pack-years of smoking. Overall, 34.2% of participants were identified as poor sleepers. Compared with never smokers, the odds of poor sleep were significantly higher among former smokers (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.21), conventional cigarette smokers (AOR = 1.33), e-cigarette users (AOR = 1.73), and dual users (AOR = 1.75). These associations remained consistent after adjustment for cumulative exposure measured by pack-years. However, pack-years alone was not a significant predictor of poor sleep quality. E-cigarette use-both exclusive and dual use-is significantly associated with poor sleep quality, independent of conventional smoking history and cumulative exposure. Addressing smoking behaviors may be beneficial for individuals experiencing sleep difficulties. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish causal relationships and guide public health interventions.

Digital health literacy is a key long-term health determinant in the digital era, influencing outcomes by enabling individuals to access, evaluate and apply health information in ways that support their personal goals. However, no tool targets older adults to assess digital health literacy with self-regulation as a core component. Accordingly, we developed and validated a Self-Regulation-Incorporated Digital Health Literacy scale (SR-DHLs) for this population. This conceptually grounded study included instrument development and psychometric validation phases. We generated 23 preliminary items after content and face validity evaluation. Psychometric testing involved item analysis and construct validity assessments conducted through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with 506 older adults. Convergent validity was examined using the Korean version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficient. The SR-DHLs comprises 16 items across four factors: 'Interaction with other users and systems', 'Regulated need-based selection', 'Willingness to actively engage' and 'Actualising informed decision-making', explaining 63.617% of the variance. Construct validity and acceptable reliability were established. The SR-DHLs is a valid and reliable tool for assessing digital health literacy in older adults. It integrates self-regulation and resource management-essential aspects for navigating digital environments. The SR-DHLs could help nurses identify older adults' needs related to digital health and guide the design of accessible and equitable services.

Irrational beliefs as conceptualized within Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) are maladaptive ideas about the world that perpetuate ill mental health and psychological distress. However, our understanding of the role of irrational beliefs in psychopathology is heavily reliant on the data from Western samples, chiefly the United Kingdom and the United States. Thus, to help bridge the gap between East and West, we must first understand the extent to which our measures are suitable for cross-cultural purposes. In this article we present the translation and validity testing of two versions of the irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory (iPBI) - a Mandarin language version and a Bahasa Malaysia language version. For this purpose, 239 Bahasa Malaysia speaking participants and 180 Mandarin speaking participants (f = 139, m = 280, Mage = 23.05, SDage = 6.02, age range: 16-50years) took part in the study. After a detailed translation process, we carried out confirmatory factor analyses to test whether the expected four-factor-structure can be confirmed in these Bahasa Malaysia and Mandarin speaking subsamples. Results showed a partially inadequate model fit (Bahasa Malaysia version: CFI = .841, RMSEA = .072; Mandarin version: CFI = .866, RMSEA = .066). In addition, we conducted exploratory analyses and applied existing versions of the iPBI, namely the existing Thai and Korean versions, to our sample to examine whether they provide a better model fit. In addition, construct validity (i.e., convergent, divergent, and concurrent validity) indicated partial validity, with mixed relationships between irrational beliefs and trait anxiety, anger, and depression for the different iPBI versions. The current findings indicate that further psychometric work is necessary before Bahasa Malaysia and Mandarin versions of the iPBI can be adequately applied in research and practice. We discuss possible shortcomings and provide suggestions for further research.