Korean Name Research Articles

First Record of the Stichaeid Fish Chirolophis saitone (Perciformes: Stichaeidae) from Korea

One specimen of Chirolophis saitone, belonging to the family Stichaeidae, was collected by a bottom trawl in the southern area of the Yellow Sea. The present specimen was characterized by 52 dorsal fin spines, 38 anal fin spines, a caudal fin with four vertical dark bands and an orbital region with three pairs of branched cirri. We propose a new Korean name, "Jak-eun-goe-do-ra-chi', for C. saitone.

First Record of the Eyeshade Sculpin Nautichthys pribilovius (Hemitripteridae: Pisces) from the East Sea, Korea

A new record of the eyeshade sculpin Nautichthys pribilovius is described on the basis of a single specimen collected from the East Sea, Korea. The species has 23 second dorsal fin rays, rounded spines on the occiput, a black band through the eye and across the cheek, branched caudal fin rays and a branchiostegal membrane attached to the isthmus. The new Korean name Gum-eun-tti-nun-hoet-dae-sok is proposed for the genus Nautichthys, and Gum-eun-tti-nun-hoet-dae is proposed for the species N. pribilovius.

한국 해오라비난초속(난초과)의 미기록 식물: 큰해오라비난초

An unrecorded Orchid species, Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae), was recognized in Gahoe-myeon and Ssangchaek-myeon, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. H. dentata is closely related to H. radiata (Thunb.) Spreng., it can distinguished by sepal white and larger than petals, and serrated margins of the labellum. A new Korean name, 'Keun-hae-o-ra-bi-nan-cho', was given based on its taller stem and more flowers (at least with three) in comparison to H. radiata (Thunb.) Spreng. We provide here its rede- scription, illustrations, photographs, and a key to its closely related taxa.

First Occurrence of Chromis albicauda (Pomacentridae, Perciformes) from Jeju Island, and Re-assignment of Yellow Chromis Specimens from Korea

Two specimens of Chromis albicauda were collected from Jeju Island, Korea. The species is most similar to C. analis, but is distinguishable by the presence of a white caudal fin when alive, 4-5 scale rows on the anterior portion of the preorbital, and a blackish blotch around anal opening. The results of a molecular analysis based on mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA sequences confirm that the two individuals are not C. analis but C. albicauda as the genetic distance between the two species is 0.044. A comparison of the two individuals of C. albicauda with yellow chromis shows that none of the previously reported yellow chromis is C. analis, but rather they are C. albicauda. Herein, we suggest the new Korean name “Huin-ggo-ri-no-rang-ja-ri-dom” for C. albicauda.

Two New Records of Juvenile Oedalechilus labiosus and Ellochelon vaigiensis (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) from Jeju Island, Korea, as Revealed by Molecular Analysis

Eighteen specimens of juvenile Mugilidae were collected in October 2012 from the southern coastal waters of Jeju Island, and identified based on analysis of their mitochondrial DNA16S rRNA sequences. Seventeen specimens of Oedalechilus labiosus and a single specimen of Ellochelon vaigiensis were found, constituting a new record for these species among Korean ichthyofauna. O. labiosus is identified by the angle at the posterior end of its mouth, which contains a round notch, a darkish dorsal margin of the pectoral fin, the presence of 33-36 lateral line scales, and 23-24 vertebrae. E. vaigiensis is identified by dark dorsal and pectoral fins, the presence of 26 lateral line scales, and 25 vertebrae. The proposed Korean name for Oedalechilus is 'Sol-ip-sung-eo-sok' and that for Ellochelon is 'Nup-jeok-ggo-ri-sung-eo-sok'. The proposed Korean names for the species are 'Sol-ip-sung-eo' and 'Nup-jeok-ggo-ri-sung-eo' for O. labiosus and E. vaigiensis, respectively. We present a key for identification of the Mugilidae family of species from Korea, and include these two newly recorded species.

우면산 일대의 균류상

Many fungi were collected at Mt. Umyeon from July, 2012 to Oct. 2012. They were identified. As the resulting, They were compposed of 3 divisions, 2 subdivisions, 5 classes, 3 subclasses, 17 orders, 5 families, 85 genera and 151 species. Among them dominant genus was Amanita. Anthrocobia, Ascocoryne, Erionema are newly genera to Korea. Following species are unrecorded in Korea : Calvatia giganeta, Amanita eliae, A. magniverrucata, A. sinensis, Inonotus tomentosus, Tylopilus rigens, Russula medullata, Anthrocobia maurilabra, Ascocoryne sarcoides, Erionema aureum and Fuligo candida. They were desinged Korean common names by authors.

Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) names: resources for the indexer

After a brief introduction to the problems facing anyone, in particular the indexer, who has to handle CJK names for a non-CJK readership, Lam Lai Heung provides an invaluable list of easily access...

A Single Medicine for a Disease: Simple Formula of Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine, It’s Compilation and Succession

In this study, I am planning to analyze the contents of Simple formula in Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (TM), and then find out the historical implication of medical science. Simple formula is a prescription that is consisted of a single or three to four kinds of medicines, and this does not follow typical control principles such as 'sovereign, minister, assistant and courier'. While simple formulas are often built after major formulas, TM placed simple formulas to an end of each classified item. It is difficult to find a similar compilation style as that of Simple formula among similar volumes of medical books during the same period of TM. Thus, it can be assumed that TM included simple formulas for special purposes or reasons which are deemed as an important factor in stipulating the features of TM. The tradition of Simple formula, using medicinal herbs which can be easily acquired and trying to make an effect with a small number of herbs, had existed before Goryeo Dynasty. Introduced by Emergency Prescriptions from the Countryside and Samhwaja's Formulary from the Countryside, the tradition of Simple formula is succeeded by Compendium of Prescriptions from the Countryside, and after a while, it is synthetically arranged and recognized through Simple formula of TM. By analyzing simple formulas of TM, I could find out the followings. First, in simple formulas of TM, in which the components are the number of medicinal herbs, the name of prescription, and their application, should be understood as a simply consisted prescription rather than single medicine formulas. Second, simple formulas of TM are 2,001 in total, and are organized in most items. Third, although simple formulas cite a number of formulary, it shows a high degree of dependence to Classified Emergency Materia Medica. This shows that simple formulas that are structured to use medicine according to symptoms based on the effect of each medicinal herb, without understanding or dialectic process of syndrome differentiation. Fourth, while the part of medicinal herbs, Decoction section, focuses on listing the information of each medicinal herb, simple formulas introduce effect, dose, volume and even a mix with other medicinal herbs and an application of them. Therefore, a simple formula evaluates single medicinal herb as a sort of prescription. Fifth, more than half of 33 kinds of medicinal herbs, which are used more than 11 times in simple formulas of TM, are easy to get around the village, and their Korean names of Materia Medica from the Countryside are possible to be seen in Decoction section. However, the fact that Materia Medica from China such as Coptics chinensis and Realgar is included in simple formulas means that they are not limited to Materia Medica from the Countryside, and some of Materia Medica from China were not difficult to be procured in the time of publication of TM. Specific purpose of publishing simple formulas is not written separately. However, through the king's command of King Seonjo (1552-1608) in introduction, the active containing of folk prescriptions, and the emphasis of medicinal herb's volume using simple formulas, it is assumed that the Chosun government at that time tried to provide friendly and practical medical information with simple formulas, to collect and formulate private medical experiences in order to expand their extension of medical information, and to maximize the effect of treatment. The compilation system like TM was highly regarded but was also the target of criticism. In particular, King Jeongjo (1752-1800) criticized the complicatedness of TM and deleted information related to simple formulas through government compilation medical texts such as Explanation of Subtleties for the People's Longevity, New Edition on Universal Relife. However, simple formulas which were not composed of many medicinal herbs could be useful way for treating people who did not have professional medical knowledge and did not have a large range of herbs. In actuality, Secret Works of Universal Benefit, the representative compilation of civil medicinal text which was published after TM included information related to simple formulas, and in Records for rural life of Chosun gentlemen, the framework of simple formulas of TM was maintained and is filled with a vast amount of information. Furthermore, cases of utilizing simple formulas are included in the U-Jam's miscellaneous writings which is a clinical record. In Simple formulas of TM, private medical experiences at the time of Chosun are written first, then recognized by the experts, and finally returned to the public. Although the purpose and the target of these simple formulas publication are not clearly known, it is easy found, does not require any advanced medical knowledge, and above all, the people must have welcomed to the supply of economic simple formulas. Therefore, simple formulas show an aspect of TM, as a medical book for public.

미더덕 껍질 추출물을 함유한 곤약의 제조 및 품질 분석

Styela (S.) clava (Korean name: miduduk) tunic is produced as a by-product after processing of S. clava. For utilizing this tunic, a konjac containing the tunic extracts was prepared and the qualities evaluated for their color, textural properties, and sensory attributes. The tunic extract was prepared by boiling tunic with water, followed by filtration through filter paper. Significant 2,2`-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity was found in the tunic extract. Increasing the concentration of tunic extract in the konjac tended to decrease lightness (L) and increase the redness (a) and the yellowness (b) of the konjac. The strength and hardness of the konjac increased with increasing concentrations of the tunic extract. All test samples with a 3 mm thickness had good flexibility and did not break even after 4 times folds. In sensory evaluations, the konjac containing 25% S. clava tunic extracts acquired a relatively higher score. The results suggest that S. clava tunic can be applied to konjac products to improve their quality and functionality.

New Record of Juvenile Sigmops gracilis (Pisces: Gonostomatidae) from Jeju Island, Korea, Revealed by DNA Barcoding

A juvenile of the slender fangjaw, Sigmops gracilis Gunther, 1878 (Stomiiformes: Gonostomatidae) was collected from Jeju Island, Korea, and identified by DNA barcoding. This species is characterized by its large curved mouth and the presence of 11 dorsal fin rays and 28 anal fin rays. During the juvenile stage, the species is distinguished from other gonostomatid species by the position of the origin of the dorsal fin, which is located at the 7th-8th ray of the anal fin. The Korean name “Sol-ni-ael-tung-i” is proposed for this species.

First Record of the Giant Grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae) from Jeju Island, South Korea

A single specimen of Epinephelus lanceolatus, belonging to Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, was newly collected from Jeju Island, South Korea, in December 2009. Epinephelus lanceolatus is characterized by anterior lateral-line scales with branched tubules, cycloid scales, irregular white spots, and fins with numerous small black spots. We propose a Korean name, "Dae-wang-ba-ri' for this species.

A new record of Amphitetranychus quercivorus (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Korea and molecular comparison with A. viennensis

Amphitetranychus quercivorus (Ehara and Gotoh, 1990) was first identified in Mongolian oak tree Quercus mongolica in Daegu, Korea. In comparison to A. viennensis (Zacher), A. quercivorus was much shorter in the distal, dorsally directed portion of the male aedeagus, as well as smaller and less folded in the distal anastomosed portion of the female peritreme. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of ITS2 and COI revealed 90% and 89% similarities, respectively, between the two species. In addition, species-specific primer sets for each species were designed using unique ITS2 sequences and then used to diagnose these two species under plant quarantine. We report the Korean name of this species as “Sin-gal-na-mu-eung-ae”.

한국산 개암버섯속의 미기록종 보고

본 연구는 한국산 주름버섯목의 종 다양성과 분포상을 조사하는 과정에서 경기도 용문산에서 한국미기록 긴대개암버섯 "Hypholoma elongatum(Pers.) Ricken"을 채집하여 형태적 특성에 준하여 분류동정 하였다. 자실체의 형태적 특징에 대한 상세한 기술과 미세구조를 도해하고 한국명을 신칭하여 보고하고자 한다. 본 연구에 사용된 표본은 국립농업과 학원 식물균류표본보존센타(HCCN)에 보존되어 있다. Different mushroom species have collected from various areas and their taxonomic identification was carried out for species diversity. Among them, Hypholoma elongatum (Pers.) Ricken that was collected from Yongmoon mountain of Gyonggi in Korea was confirmed as new collection in Korea and registered here with descriptions and Korean common name. All collections cited here are deposited in the Herbarium Conservation Center of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

양식산 및 자연산 굴(Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea denselamellos)의 성분 특성

To identify the food component characteristics of seven oysters(four cultured oysters and two wild oysters Crassostrea gigas and one dendely lamellated oyster Ostrea denselamellos Korean name beotgul) in Korea, the proximate, fatty/amino acid, mineral compositions, texture, color, chemical and taste compounds were investigated. The proximate compositions were not significantly different between cultured and wild oysters, whereas beotgul had lower levels of crude protein, ash and lipid content, and a higher carbohydrate content. The amino nitrogen contents of the three main types were 232.8-258.2, 160.5-213.9, and 218.5 mg/100 g, respectively, and the salinities were 1.5-1.7, 1.5-1.8, and 0.9%, respectively. Regarding the muscle texture, the shearing forces were 95-114, 105-132, and 170 g, respectively. Amounts of total amino acids of cultured, wild oysters and beotgul were 9,004-10,198, 8,165-8,942, and 7,767 mg/100 g, respectively. The major amino acids were aspartic acid (Asx), glutamic acid (Glx), proline, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and arginine. Regarding inorganic ions, beotgul had much lower Fe and S contents than the cultured and wild oysters. The major fatty acids of cultured and wild oysters were 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-9, 18:1n-9, 22:1n-9, 16:4n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, and there was little difference between the two. Beotgul had a higher polyenes ratio, i.e., 20:5n-3, and a lower monoenes ratio than the cultured and wild oysters. The free amino acid contents of cultured, wild oysters and beotgul extracts were 1,444-1,620, 1,017-1,277, and 1,144 mg/100 g, respectively, and the major free amino acids were taurine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, tryptophan, ornithine, and lysine. There was a little difference in the glycine, tryptophan, ornithine, and arginine contents.

Two Unrecorded Species of the Snapper (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) Collected from Jeju Island, Korea

Two unrecorded species of the snapper, Lutjanus malabaricus (296.0 mm standard length [SL]) and L. stellatus (350.0 mm SL) belonging to the family Lutjanidae, were first collected from the western coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea. L. malabaricus is characterized by having a dark marking on the upper half of the caudal peduncle, a band of vomerine teeth that does not protrude posteriorly at the middle, and nine anal soft rays. Compared to its Korean relative, L. malabaricus is distinguishable by having rows of scales that run obliquely in the dorsal-posterior direction above the lateral line (vs. parallel to the lateral line in L. argentimaculatus). L. stellatus can be identified by the absence of wavy blue lines on the head (vs. many blue lines in L. rivulatus) and presence of a white spot above the lateral line (vs. a black blotch on the lateral line in L. rivulatus). We propose new Korean names, “Jin-hong-tung-dom” and “Huin-jeom-tung-dom,” for L. malabaricus and L. stellatus, respectively.

좀목포사초(Carex kamagariensis K. Okamoto)의 분포

ABSTRACT: Carex kamagariensis K. Okamoto was found in throughout the nation. This species is distinguishedfrom other related taxa in Carex sect. Mitratae by pistillate scales with a long arista and achenes constrictedabove in the middle. A new Korean name, ‘Jom-mok-po-sa-cho’, is based on its small size and floral charactersimilarity to C. genkaiensis. In this study, a description, illustrations and habitat photos of the species are pro-vided. The key of its related species is also provided. Keywords: Carex kamagariensis , Carex sect. Mitratae, Cyperaceae 적요: 국내에알려지지않은 사초속청사초절에 속하는 식물인 좀목포사초(Carex kamagariensis K. Okamoto)가 우리나라 전국에 넓게 분포하는 것으로 확인되었다. 분류학적 근연군과는 자인편 까락이 길고 과낭 중앙부가 오목한 특징에 의해 구별된다. 국명은 형태적 특성을 고려하여 좀목포사초로 신칭하였고, 형태적 특징과 도해 및 생태사진을 제시하였다. 주요어: 좀목포사초, 사초속, 청사초절, 사초과Genus Carex L. is the biggest group in Caricoideae ofCyperaceae with more than 2,000 species world-wide (Ohwi,1965; Reznicek, 1990). The genus is mainly distributed in thetemperate climate area of Asia and North America and rarelyfound from lowlands of the tropical climate including Africa(Koyama, 1961; Ohwi, 1965; Reznicek, 1990).Carex sect. Mitratae Kuk. is easily distinguished by its morethan 2 spike inflorescences, 3 stigmas, extended appendagesfrom stylopodiums (Kukenthal, 1909; Akiyama, 1932; Koyama,1961; Egorova, 1999; Katsuyama, 2005; Dai et al., 2010).Carex kamagariensis K. Okamoto is known to be distributedin Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu area of Japan (Katsuyama,2005; Hoshino et al., 2011). Katsuyama (2005) and Hoshinoet al. (2011) mentioned that C. kamagariensis was distributedin the southern area of Korea. However, this species has notbeen reported in Korean domestic bibliography (Lee, 1980;Lee, 1996; Oh, 2006). This study reports distribution status ofC. kamagariensis in Korea based on the herbarium specimenscollected throughout the country, and a description, anillustration, and habitat information of the species are providedin this report.Carex kamagariensis K. Okamoto, Bull. Okayama Coll.Sci. 1: 66 (1965).Type: Japan, Honshu, Hiroshima Pref., Aki-gun, Kamagari-cho (Apr. 28, 1961, Okamoto no. 934)Herbs perennial, basal sheath fibrous, culms densely*Author for correspondence: ymlee99@forest.go.krhttp://www.pltaxa.or.krCopyright © 2012 the Korean Society of Plant Taxonomists

Characteristics of Korean personal names

Korea, along with Asia at large, is producing more and more valuable academic materials. Furthermore, the demand for academic materials produced in non‐Western societies is increasing among English‐speaking users. In order to search among such material, users rely on keywords such as author names. However, Asian nations such as Korea and China have markedly different methods of writing personal names from Western naming traditions. Among these differences are name components, structure, writing customs, and distribution of surnames. These differences influence the Anglicization of Asian academic researchers' names, often leading to them being written in various fashions, unlike Western personal names. These inconsistent formats can often lead to difficulties in searching and finding academic materials for Western users unfamiliar with Korean and Asian personal names. This article presents methods for precisely understanding and categorizing Korean personal names in order to make academic materials by Korean authors easier to find for Westerners. As such, this article discusses characteristics particular to Korean personal names and furthermore analyzes how the personal names of Korean academic researchers are currently being written in English.

한국산 변형균(점균)류의 연구

Korean recorded Myxomycets were rearrangement published reported until 2011. As the resulting, they were composed of 1 division, 2 classes, 2 subclasses, 6 orders, 9 families, 22 genera and 44 species. Among them, genus Collaria and Fuligo luteonitens, Fuligo septica var. rufa, Tubifera dimorphotheca and Collaria arcyrionema are newly to Korea. They were desingned Korean common names by author.

미더덕 껍질 분말을 함유한 어묵의 제조 및 품질 분석

Styela clava (Korean name: miduduk) tunic was produced as a byproduct after processing of S. clava. To utilize S. clava tunic, fish paste containing tunic powder was prepared, and quality characteristics were evaluated for color, textural properties, and sensory attributes. Increasing the amount of S. clava tunic in fish paste tended to decrease lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values of the surface part of fish paste. Strength and hardness of fish paste increased with increasing amount of tunic. All test samples with 3 mm thickness showed good flexibility and did not break even after folding in half four times. For overall acceptance in the sensory evaluation, fish paste containing 1% S. clava tunic acquired a relatively higher score. These results suggest that S. clava tunic can be applied to fish paste products to improve quality and functionality.

First Record of a Snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from Korea

A single specimen (134.3 mm standard length) of a snailfish, Careproctus notosaikaiensis was collected from a fish trap in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, East Sea, Korea. It is characterized by having the teeth strongly trilobed; dorsal fin rays 52; anal fin rays 47; pectoral fin rays 35; caudal fin rays 10; vertebrae 58; ribs 2 pairs; cephalic pores, 2-6-7-2; gill slit extending to the fifth pectoral fin ray; chin pores paired and equal in size; dorsal and anal fins with distinct reddish margins. We describe this species as the first record to Korea, and proposed the new Korean name, “Dong-hae-bun-hong-ggom-chi” for this species.