The utilization of health research evidence is essential for informed decision-making, especially in health planning and achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, limited information exists regarding its use in planning in Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), including Tanzania. This study assessed the use of health research evidence and factors influencing its utilization among health planning teams. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to examine determinants of evidence use in health planning. Data were collected through six focus group discussions and 34 in-depth interviews with planning team members from regional, council, and health facility levels. The COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation) was applied to assess factors influencing evidence use, and thematic analysis was conducted on the transcribed data. Although participants reported using available planning guidelines, the incorporation of health research evidence into planning was limited. Capability barriers included inadequate knowledge and skills for evidence-based planning. Opportunities included planning guidelines that supported evidence use, research coordinators, policymaker-researcher interactions, and infrastructure such as computers and the internet; however, access to knowledge translation tools was limited. Motivation was influenced by incentives such as extra duty allowances, promotions, and professional development opportunities. The use of health research evidence in planning processes in Tanzania is low, influenced by capability, opportunity, and motivation factors. Enhancing capacity-building, fostering collaboration, strengthening policy support, and improving infrastructure are recommended. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions and their impact on healthcare planning and delivery. Efforts were made to minimize social desirability and selection biases.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic disease that poses significant mental health challenges to affected youth. Despite calls for youth-centered research in this area, qualitative and mixed methods research is lacking, and longitudinal understandings of the mental health experiences of youth have not been generated. Living labs have potential as interactive knowledge exchange and longitudinal research platforms to generate such understandings. The proposed research aims to (1) codesign, with youth and parent coresearchers, a virtual living lab platform with an embedded registry of youth with T2D; (2) use this platform to generate longitudinal understandings of youths' mental health experiences; (3) identify youth priorities for research and care based on the thematic data; and (4) codesign an arts-based knowledge translation (KT) resource to communicate these priorities. This study proposes a three-stage longitudinal, qualitatively dominant, convergent mixed methods design. Stage 1 involved codesigning an online platform with youth and parent coresearchers over a 4-month period and establishing a user registry of English-speaking youth (age 10-25 years) with T2D (diagnosed at age 18 years or younger) in Canada and their parents or guardians. In stage 2, up to 50 youth were purposively selected from the registry to complete baseline mental health measures, followed by 12 content modules using diary and arts-based response methods. Inductive thematic and mixed methods analysis will inform stage 3. Up to a third of the stage 3 participants will be purposively selected to identify priorities for mental health research and care and codesign arts-based KT resources to impart critical research findings to stakeholder groups identified with participants and youth coresearchers. This is an experimental modality for data collection, and participant numbers may be fewer; however, methodological insights regarding engagement will be collated and published to support digital strategy in future work. We recruited 4 youth coresearchers to codesign the BrightSpark online platform-Canada's first virtual living lab for youth and families with T2D-establishing an embedded registry of youth with T2D and creating the educational content of the 12 modules for the research. Recruitment and data collection began in March 2024 and concluded in September 2025. We anticipate study completion by January 2026. Youth-onset T2D presents a significant challenge to families and health systems, with less than 30% of youth with T2D achieving treatment targets. Self-management in youth with T2D is further complicated by psychosocial morbidity, identity formation, stigma, blame, shame, historical oppression, and structural barriers to health. This study will contribute a sustainable and novel structure to understand this issue, providing opportunities to generate critically needed understandings of youths' mental health experiences to advance family-centered research and care. DERR1-10.2196/83865.

BackgroundThe Knowledge Translation Innovation Incubator (KTII) initiative, launched by the Knowledge Translation program of the CHILD-BRIGHT Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Network, provided funding support for researchers and partners to experiment with various approaches and strategies to support the development of innovative knowledge translation (KT) research in the context of neurodevelopmental disabilities.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the process and contexts of innovation development in integrated knowledge translation (iKT) practices in patient-oriented research.MethodsWe applied an iKT practice to conduct the collective case study of 7 KTII-funded projects. We interviewed 10 researchers, 4 research trainees, 2 clinicians, 2 parentpartners, 2 patient-partners (1 adult and 1 youth), 1 community partner, 1 KT specialist, 1 designer, and 1 research program manager at the middle and the end of the project period. We conducted qualitative content analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to identify and assess patterns of determinants of (1) drivers of innovation, (2) facilitators and barriers to innovation development, and (3) enablers for sustainability of KT products.ResultsInnovative KT was majorly driven by the identified know-do gap to meet the needs of people with lived experience. Outer setting constructs, such as funding and partnerships and connections, were not only drivers but also facilitators to innovation development. iKT practices presented in this case study were fostered by researchers’ approach to participatory design, involving iterations of listening to emerging ideas and feedback of patient-partners and other partners, and researchers’ continuous reflections on their roles in knowledge creation. Despite the challenges in building consensus and the limited time of the fluid process, researchers’ strong passion for engagement and value placed on lived experience led to flexible engagement and open communication to create KT products. Intangible outcomes included further relationships at individual and organizational levels, capacity building of young people, and a collective voice to influence communities. Sustainment of the KT products requires not only accessibility and adaptability of the product itself but also mechanisms at inner settings, such as training, continued interest of patient-partners and the community, and institutional partnerships to support the further uptake of the product.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the critical roles of researchers in addressing power dynamics and making the research partners’ tacit knowledge visible for successful innovative KT. The research landscape should also change in terms of funding and timeline in order to foster researchers’ mental models in designing thinking and actions on collaborative research engagement.

The genetic code is a formal principle that determines which proteins an organism can produce from only its genome sequence, without mechanistic modeling. Whether similar formal principles govern the relationship between genome sequence and phenotype across scales – from molecules to cells to tissues – is unknown. Here, we show that a single formal principle – structural correspondence — underlies the relationship between phenotype and genome sequence across scales. We represent phenotypes and the genome as graphs and find mappings between them using structure preservation as the sole constraint. Combinatorial richness in phenotypes more tightly constrains which mappings preserve that structure. Thus, phenotypic structure predicts genetic associations independently of covariation with genotype. This principle rediscovers the amino acid code without prior knowledge of translation or coding sequences, using just one protein and genome sequence as input. We benchmark this principle: applied to phenotypes at the cell, tissue and organ scales, the mappings correctly predict established associations and are driven by transcription factor motifs. Applied to cancer tissue images, we find regulators of spatial gene expression in immune cells. We thus offer a first-principles framework to relate genome sequence with phenotypic structure and guide mechanistic discovery across scales.

Few studies report the evaluation of the use of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) organizations' knowledge products. To determine (a) the stakeholders' use of the products disseminated by the 'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux' (INESSS), and (b) the variability of use according to user characteristics and product properties. A prospective web survey was performed. We included all participants who accessed INESSS products and voluntarily completed an online questionnaire from 1 January 2021, to 31 December 2022. For each rated product, the participants' use and intention to use were documented using the content-validated Information Assessment Method (IAM) questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted. A total of 7041 responses were gathered. After removing incomplete and ineligible responses, we were left with 5236 responses; 74.4 percent of responses were from women; 5014 (95.8 percent) reported that the product was relevant; of those, 4322 (82.5 percent) indicated that the respondent was satisfied; of those, 4096 (78.2 percent) reported that the product was used or had an intention to use the product. Regarding products' use (n=3023; 57.7 percent), there was no difference between regions with versus without medical faculties. Older participants were less likely to report using a product. Products with recommendations were more likely to be used, and healthcare professionals were more likely to use the products compared to other participants. Current findings help identify audiences for targeted dissemination, guide user engagement strategies, and inform product refinement. Recommendation-containing products show the greatest uptake, particularly among younger professionals.

Digital and data practices present specific challenges for the fields of sexual and reproductive health, intersecting with both social and commercial determinants of health. As services are digitised there is an increased risk of exclusion for sexual and reproductive health consumers who already experience stigma, disadvantage and marginalisation. To date, there has been little targeted practical guidance for sexual and reproductive health practitioners and organisations seeking to strategically engage with digital transformation. This paper introduces the Digital and Data Capability for Sexual and Reproductive Health (DDCSRH) Models and knowledge translation website - a suite of resources designed to support workforce capability building. The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach to participatory research, drawing on in media and communication, data studies, public health, and adult education theory and practice. The four-year iterative program of research included narrative literature review, key informant interviews with experienced practitioners and academics (n = 25); and participatory workshops and interviews with sexual and reproductive health practitioners (n = 18) and health consumers (n = 32). A qualitative critical construct validation approach tested the practical relevance of the Models and associated outputs, via a final round of participatory workshops with health practitioners (n = 34). Participants described challenges associated with digital and data access and infrastructure; gaps in existing skills and training; misguided assumptions about younger staff's capabilities as 'digital natives', and ad-hoc governance procedures. The DDCSRH Models and associated resources were subsequently designed to support evidence-based capability-building, with particular attention to practitioner concerns. However, some participants - particularly those aged 18-29 - identified a need for additional systemic support to implement the Models in their workplace. Future research is needed to tailor resources for specific disciplines. The Digital and Data Capability Models and associated resources respond to stated workforce needs and challenges, promoting a shared vocabulary and conceptual framework to support strategic engagement with current and emergent digital and data technologies, policies and practice.

IntroductionThe commercial determinants of health (CDoH) are a rapidly growing field of research and global health priority. Despite being disproportionately affected, Indigenous Peoples’ voices and perspectives are conspicuously absent from CDoH research and policy. This article outlines the protocol for Addressing Commercial Health determinants: Indigenous Empowerment and Voices for Equity (ACHIEVE), an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-led project in Australia.Methods and analysisACHIEVE integrates four research streams, using a novel combination of methods. The first three streams will (i) conceptualise the CDoH using Indigenous yarning methodology, (ii) evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies to reduce exposure to harmful marketing and (iii) assess the impacts of specific commercial entities on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health using case studies. The final stream will consolidate findings from streams 1–3 and work with Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) to co-create strategies for addressing the commercial determinants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for streams 1–3 has been granted by Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee. ACHIEVE is guided by a governance model that prioritises Indigenous data sovereignty, community and ACCHO partnerships, capacity building and knowledge translation. Findings will be shared with participants, ACCHOs and policymakers to maximise research impact.

The Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society Comprehensive Guidelines for the Selection, Implantation, and Management of Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.

IntroductionSince the inflammatory response increases the production and accumulation of mucus in the airways during respiratory infections, conventional and unconventional techniques of secretion removal are used. High-frequency chest wall oscillation is an effective strategy for secretion removal; however, it presents barriers due to the high cost. In Brazil, the Expector was developed using a kangaroo-vest interface as an accessible alternative; however, studies are needed to evaluate the use of Expector in infants. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and usability of the Expector device in healthy infants.Methods and analysisFor this feasibility randomised controlled clinical trial, 30 participants aged 3–6 months will be divided into three groups. Two experimental groups will use the Expector device (kangaroo baby-carrier version) with different configurations of the minivibrating motors (ie, totally activated and upper half of motors activated). The device will be deactivated for the control group. The following parameters will be assessed before the test, every 5 min during 15 min of device use and for 15 min after its use: heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, pulmonary auscultation, sleep/wakefulness state, pain and parental satisfaction. Data will be described using measures of central tendency and dispersion and absolute and relative frequencies. Statistical analysis will be performed using correlation and intra- and intergroup comparisons. This study will generate preliminary evidence regarding the feasibility of Expector (kangaroo baby-carrier version) for infants and allow randomised and controlled studies using this technology.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte approved this study (Number 5636504). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, scientific conference presentations and knowledge translation to the public via social media.Trial registration numberThis feasibility randomised controlled clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) (Number RBR-5r8v8qz).

ObjectivesTo report on the development and refinement of a questionnaire of personal recovery for use by older adults with bipolar disorder.DesignAn integrated knowledge translation approach was used to structure collaboration of individuals with clinical, research and service users. Focus groups, online meetings and online feedback were used to support information sharing.ParticipantsKnowledge users from across the UK including older adults with experience of bipolar, clinicians and academics.Primary outcome measureA final draft of the Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire for Older Adults with bipolar (BRQ-OA).ResultsFive service users and 15 stakeholders engaged with the study. The views and recommendations of the groups were integrated into the development of the BRQ-OA across four phases. Service users identified factors of personal recovery they felt had changed with ageing, including the impact of physical health and the importance of finding a purpose following changes to role. Collaboration with key stakeholders allowed for the development of a personal recovery questionnaire relevant to the experiences of older adults.ConclusionsAn integrated knowledge translation approach successfully structured engagement with key stakeholders to allow for active and meaningful engagement. Collaboration of individuals with experience of bipolar, clinicians and academics allowed for the development of the first questionnaire of personal recovery specifically adapted for older adults with bipolar. Future research is needed to validate the BRQ-OA in older adult samples so that it can be used in mental health services and intervention studies.

The goal of this research is to investigate metacognitive awareness in listening strategies among English Language Education students. To achieve its goal, this research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining a questionnaire and interviews. The original questionnaire used in this research is Vandergrift's Metacognitive Awareness Listening Strategy (MALQ). Participants were 68 students of the English Language Education Department. The data analysis in this study describes the listening strategies used by English Language Education Department students. The data analysis of this study showed the listening strategies used by EFL students in the English Language Education Department. The findings showed that the problem strategy was the most widely used strategy by the students, shown by the highest mean score of 4.93/6.00. It was followed by other strategies, namely: planning & evaluation, direct attention, mental translation, and person knowledge strategies. Thus, the person knowledge strategy is the least used by the students. Therefore, in other words, students prefer using their prior knowledge and contexts to understand when they are listening to translate words in their head, maintain concentration, compare the effects of listening, and judge the difficulty level of listening.

The distal radioulnar ligaments (DRULs) serve as primary stabilizers to the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Existing cadaveric studies report heterogeneous morphometric data of the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and the ulnar footprints of the DRULs due to methodological variations and small sample sizes, limiting the translation of precise anatomical knowledge to clinical practice. This study quantitatively evaluated the 3D anatomy of the TFCC and the insertions of both superficial and deep DRULs components using three different methods with subsequent interactive validation: (1) direct measurement, (2) 3D scan, and (3) artificial intelligence (AI) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven adult cadaveric upper limbs were included. All specimens underwent 3.0-Tesla MRI scans, which were then processed by AI algorithms for super-resolution enhancement and semi-automatic segmentation. The areas of deep and superficial limbs of DRUL ulnar footprint were measured in the super-resolution MRI images using the Slicer software. The specimens were then dissected and anatomical measurements of dorsal-volar maximal length and radial-ulnar maximum length of deep ulnar DRUL footprint were performed on the specimens' photographs. Anatomical measurements of ulna, radius, triangular fibrocartilage, and ulnar insertions footprint of both superficial and deep DRULs were conducted subsequently using a 3D scanner. Primary outcome measures included the area and morphological classification (irregular quadrilateral, ribbon, semilunar) of the deep and superficial ulnar DRUL footprints. Statistical analysis encompassed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for agreement assessment and multiple linear regression to explore associations. The mean area of the deep foveal fibers of DRUL was 43.39 ± 13.49 mm2 and the superficial footprint was 20.11 ± 10.49 mm2 as measured with the 3D scanner. The morphologic features of the deep footprint shapes varied, with the most common shape being a ribbon (7/11, 64%). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the measurement of dorsal-volar maximal length and radial-ulnar maximum length of the DRUL between direct measurement and the 3D scan were excellent (ICC = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). The ICCs between the AI-enhanced analysis and the 3D scan for measuring the ulnar deep and superficial DRUL insertion areas were excellent (ICC = 0.95 and 0.96, respectively). Multiple linear regression explained 72.4% of the variance in deep DRUL footprint area (R2 = 0.724, p = 0.147), with the superficial footprint area showing the strongest association (β = 0.639, p = 0.196). Compared to direct measurement and 3D scan, the AI algorithms developed and validated for wrist MRI image enhancement demonstrated high accuracy and reliability in anatomical measurements of DRULs.

Pregnancy is characterized by dynamic physiological changes that alter the concentrations of many maternal blood biomarkers. Reporting results against nonpregnant reference values can lead to misinterpretation, diagnostic error, and inappropriate clinical management. The use and reporting of pregnancy-specific reference intervals (RIs) by laboratories is not yet routine practice. This review underscores the critical need for pregnancy RIs to support accurate diagnosis, effective patient care, and optimal clinical decision-making in pregnancy and highlights unique considerations and challenges specific to pregnancy RI studies. Aspects such as defining inclusion/exclusion criteria and participant engagement are more complex in pregnant cohorts. Logistical and resource constraints must be anticipated when undertaking these studies. The current landscape of pregnancy RIs is summarized, drawing upon the literature, which shows substantial heterogeneity in study designs, populations, analytical methods, and partitioning strategies, with important details often missing or insufficient. These issues limit the comparability of findings between studies and the application of published RIs to other pregnant populations. Indirect RI approaches combined with clinical databases provide promising alternatives to traditional direct studies, which help overcome some of the barriers, particularly around recruitment. Experience and lessons learned from the authors' own involvement in prospective and retrospective studies for chemistry and hematology biomarkers are shared. The challenges associated with developing pregnancy RIs require coordinated and uniform efforts. The discussion herein will help guide future work and knowledge translation to ensure high-quality, standardized studies generate pregnancy RIs that are widely applicable and support maternity care providers and patients alike.

INTRODUCTIONThe lack of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic diversity in research is an historic and ongoing crisis, especially for diseases like Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), whose prevalence, incidence, and risk are highest among the populations most likely to be excluded. Targeted and culturally appropriate population education and engagement strategies are key to increasing participation and reducing health disparities and costs. Art‐based knowledge translation (ABKT) uses art to disseminate information and resources related to research and its findings. The Alzheimer's Association applied ABKT in the form of a groundbreaking intervention called Unforgettable.METHODSEligible communities were at least 35% Black/African American and/or Hispanic/Latino and had a strong local Alzheimer's Association chapter. Test market touring was used to refine the intervention's messaging. Highly tailored promotion and outreach was conducted by local chapters with national Alzheimer's Association support. A live concert, information tables, and an intermission talk provided additional promotion and messaging. Post‐intervention surveys queried the intervention's messaging effectiveness and attendees’ personal experiences around caregiving and research participation.RESULTSThree hundred thirty‐four surveys were completed. Most respondents were women (89%), Black/African American (78%), and had never participated in a clinical trial (85%). Satisfaction with the intervention and its messaging was high. Barriers to clinical trial participation centered on fears of potential risks and overall lack of knowledge.DISCUSSIONThe success of Unforgettable demonstrates the potential for future partnerships and arts‐based health education initiatives through ABKT. By continuing to integrate culturally relevant storytelling with public health outreach and education, the Alzheimer's Association and others can further the critical and urgent mission of ending ADRD disparities.HighlightsUnforgettable is a groundbreaking intervention that leverages culturally resonant art and live performance to engage under‐represented communities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research and clinical trials.Art‐based knowledge translation was used in the development of Unforgettable, which refers to the practice of using art to disseminate, engage with, or communicate about research and its findings, reducing the knowledge‐to‐action gap.High satisfaction rates and increased awareness of ADRD research were reported by participants of Unforgettable, which highlights the need for integrating culturally relevant story‐telling into interventions surrounding public health issues, such as ADRD.

ABSTRACTThe prevention and management of livestock diseases require a holistic approach. Among these, the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of livestock owners play a central role. KAP surveys provide valuable insights into how individuals perceive livestock health challenges, what preventive measures they implement and how they respond to disease outbreaks. This study, therefore, aims to assess the KAP related to livestock diseases and their determinants among the residents of East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, to provide evidence‐based insights for policymakers, extension workers and other stakeholders working to improve animal health in the region. A cross‐sectional study design was employed based on a questionnaire survey of 412 participants from five selected districts of the East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region. A multistage cluster sampling procedure was used to select participants. Quantitative score was generated for KAP, and the scores were dichotomized as adequate and inadequate knowledge, desirable and undesirable attitude and good and poor practice. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to see the association of predictor variables towards adequate knowledge, desirable attitude and good practice. About 57%, 69% and 49% of the respondents have adequate knowledge, desirable attitude and good practice scores, respectively. About 96% of participants explained that feed and free grazing land was the livestock production constraint followed by disease (92%). Majority of the participants (83%) agree that livestock is an important economic and zoonotic disease that can threaten the lives of humans and animals. Only 32% and 21% of respondents used personal protective equipment during the sick animal approach and disposed of their dead animal through burial and burning. Illiterate level participants were less likely to have adequate knowledge than college and above level (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.06–0.87), and in the same way, respondents of illiterate individuals were less likely to have good practice than college and above level participants (AOR = 0.04, CI = 0.009–0.19). The study showed that participants have good knowledge and attitude towards livestock disease but poor disease prevention and control practices. The community public health education should focus on translation of these good knowledge and favourable attitude into practices that effectively reduces livestock disease burden of the community.

Institutional translators were employed in several multilingual countries in the nineteenth century, well before the first academic training and research institutions were established in the field of translation. Looking at the history of these translators can enrich our understanding of both the history of the countries in question and the professionalisation of translation. This article presents a case study focusing on the Swiss federal institutions from 1848 to 1914. Sources from digitised public archives are used to examine to what extent, how and why institutional translation became professionalised in that context, and to put together a profile for nineteenth century federal translators. Following this, the findings of the case study are linked with elements of translator history that can be derived from existing research on other multilingual countries. Various thematic clusters are identified, which can be used as a basis for developing comparative and relational approaches. The article highlights the relevance of such approaches in contributing to a history of translation knowledge and practice, as well as their potential for stimulating theoretical reflection on processes of professionalisation.

As a caregiver, EDI advocate, Alzheimer Society Director, and researcher: I am uniquely positioned to participate in this session and ensuring that the voices of patients, care partners, and equity‐seeking communities are heard.As the Director of Health Equity and Access for the Alzheimer Society of Ontario, I have designed, led, and supported the development of health equity initiatives to support our provincial federation of 26 local Alzheimer's societies. I provide strategic support and advice on health equity programs; develop and implement Knowledge Translation and Exchange products and community engagement strategies; and collect data and conduct research. I have built strong, collaborative relationships with community partners across the province. I sit on the Board of Directors for the Black Health Alliance, a non‐profit that supports, advocates, and develops programs to enhance and protect the health status of Black Canadians.I am a PhD scholar at York University in Health Policy & Equity and have sizeable experience and training in health policy research, especially dementia care through the perspective of people with lived experience and/or from marginalised communities. I received the Doctoral Personnel Award for Black Scholars from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario as recognition for my work including national and international articles and presentations on dementia, diversity, and community engagement.I regularly conduct media presentations, and public speaking engagements in various equity deserving communities, discussing dementia from a community centered lens, helping to destigmatize the disease and build health literacy and resilience.As the primary guardian for my father for over 17 years, I have been heavily involved with the entire dementia journey: first identification, early diagnosis, and accessing supports and health services. My experience as a caregiver and advocate has given me insight into how care is delivered, and received (from a cultural perspective), and where opportunities for growth and change exist.By leveraging these experiences, I am able to participate and fulsomely contribute to discussions on dementia, research inclusivity, caregiving, and systems level responses to the needs of people living with dementia and their care partners.

Rural economic development practitioners are essential in fostering prosperous economies and communities across Ontario. Over the past few decades, the role of these practitioners has evolved significantly. The COVID-19 pandemic has further reshaped how rural economies are organized, and how economic development professionals must adapt to support them. As a result, there is a growing need for updated information to better understand the evolving role of rural economic development practitioners, the skills and capacities they require to effectively support rural economies, and the formats in which they need to acquire this new knowledge. The purpose of this research is to understand the key skills, capacities, and knowledge sets required by economic development practitioners in rural Ontario; to understand the role and activities conducted by rural economic development practitioners to support rural prosperity, particularly in light of COVID-19; and to evaluate existing KTT activities and outputs and to identify the ideal formats for sharing knowledge with rural economic development practitioners. An online survey was conducted among economic development officers working in rural local governments across Ontario. The survey gathered valuable insights into current activities, policies, strategies, and resources aimed at supporting rural economic development. The findings reveal a clear trend of increasing responsibilities and activities, coupled with limited human and financial resources. The survey highlights key areas of knowledge necessary to support rural economies, along with the preferred formats for knowledge sharing. This analysis enhances our understanding of economic development in rural Ontario and provides insights into how to better support rural economic development practitioners.

ABSTRACT This article examines how internationally educated health professionals contribute to health system change on return to their countries of origin. Rather than treating return as reintegration or skill application, this study approaches it as interpretive, constrained engagement within health systems. Drawing on interviews with 52 returnees from 43 countries and a comparison group of 14 nationally educated peers, and using an abductive realist thematic analysis, the study identifies four pathways: policy influence, community engagement, infrastructural innovation, and medical education, through which returnees engaged systems. These are underpinned by three mechanisms: reflexive agency, knowledge translation, and civic understanding. What distinguishes returnees is not exclusive access to insight, but the configuration of stance, tempo, scope, and resources. Non-mobile peers contributed through equally committed, often slower and more embedded strategies. The findings challenge instrumental framings of return as skill deployment. International education is understood as a catalytic influence that interacts with home-grown formation to shape how professionals interpret structural conditions, navigate constraints, and assume responsibility.

Abstract In an era of environmental instability, climate‐informed land‐use planning allows preparation for a more resilient future. By identifying places with high climate‐change refugia potential and climate connectivity, management and stewardship plans can be adapted over time to achieve biodiversity goals. The objective of the Climate‐informed Conservation Planning project is to provide an efficient pathway for collaborative planning between Indigenous and provincial governments to develop a long‐term management approach to maintain environmental and cultural values while reducing the risks from climate change. Working directly with the shíshálh‐BC Modernized Land Use Planning table on the South Coast of British Columbia to support climate‐resilient planning, this process identified areas projected to have refugia potential, to maximize habitat connectivity, to monitor ecosystem resilience variables, and to realize planning objectives within dynamic adaptive planning cycles. Key activities include: (a) introducing the climate‐change refugia concept and other knowledge translation activities, (b) identifying and evaluating spatial priorities for conservation management with higher potential for climate‐change refugia and connectivity, (c) customizing priority scenarios with additional data and local knowledge to highlight where the best conservation investments might contribute to local and provincial biodiversity goals, and (d) suggestions for implementing the plan dynamically and proactively to mitigate current and emerging environmental risks with monitoring, reporting, and proactive adaptation planning cycles.