Knowledge Of Family Planning Methods Research Articles

Change in sexual and reproductive health knowledge among young women using the conversational agent “Nthabi” in Lesotho: a clinical trial

BackgroundYoung women worldwide face problems like unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Providing sexual and reproductive health education to young women in low- and middle-income countries is a priority. It is unknown if using digital health interventions to deliver health education is effective in resource-constrained settings.MethodsWe conducted an interventional trial among young women in the low–middle-income country of Lesotho to test the impact of the conversational agent system (“Nthabi”) designed to deliver sexual and reproductive health information on either a smartphone or tablet for up to 6 weeks. We measured participant’s knowledge before and after the discussion of family planning, folic acid use, and healthy eating. The main outcome measure was a change in knowledge among participants in these three topic areas. The number of correct pre- and post-test responses was compared using generalized linear models that directly estimated the proportions and percentages of correct responses.ResultsWe recruited 172 young women (mean age 22.5 years, 91% unmarried, 69% completed high school, 23% unemployed, 66% students) to use Nthabi on a mobile phone (11.6%) or loaned tablet device (88.4%). The mean number of interactions with Nthabi was 8.6. Family planning was chosen to be discussed by 82 of the 172 participants (52.2%), and of those, 49 (31.2%) completed the content on this topic, and 26 (16.6) completed the post-test. For the 11 questions about family planning, the total percent of correct responses increased from 85.5% (796 total responses) on the pre-test to 89.9% (320 responses) on the post-test (p = 0.0233). Folic acid use was chosen to be discussed by 74 (47.1%) of 172 participants, and of those, 27 (17.7%) completed the content on this topic, and all 27 (17.7%) completed the post-test. For the 5 questions about folic acid use, the total percent of correct responses was 45.3% (181 total responses) on the pre-test and 71.6% (111 responses) on the post-test (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe Nthabi conversational agent system increased knowledge of family planning methods and folic acid use among young women in Lesotho. Digital health interventions like Nthabi have the potential to offer new ways to deliver reproductive health information.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registration April 20, 2020; ID: NCT04354168.

Knowledge, Acceptance, and Uptake of Family Planning: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Antenatal Care in Ghana.

The use of family planning (FP) methods significantly contributes to improved outcomes for mothers and their offspring. However, the use of FP remains low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. A cluster randomized controlled clinical trial was implemented in Ghana, comparing group antenatal care (ANC) with routine care. The group ANC intervention included eight meetings where the seventh group meeting incorporated information and discussion regarding methods of FP. Data collection occurred at five time points: baseline (T0), 34 weeks' gestation (T1), 6-12 weeks post birth (T2), 5-8 months post birth, and 11-14 months post birth (T4). At T1, there was a significantly greater increase in the knowledge of FP methods as well as the intention to use FP after the birth among the intervention group. The uptake of FP was significantly higher in the intervention group for all post-birth timepoints except for T4 where the control group had significantly higher rates. The reasons for the diminishing effect are unclear. An increasing uptake of FP methods requires a multifaceted approach that includes increasing accessibility, knowledge, and acceptability as well as addressing societal and cultural norms.

Access to family planning services and associated factors among young people in Lira city northern Uganda

BackgroundAccess to family planning services among young people is crucial for reproductive health. This study explores the access and associated factors among young people in Lira City, Northern Uganda.Methods and materialsA mixed-methods study was conducted in March to April 2022. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 553 participants aged 15–24 years. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses for quantitative data, while interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for qualitative data.ResultsOverall, 31.7% of the respondents had a good perceived access to family planning services, with 64.6% reporting perceived availability of FP methods. Challenges included lack of privacy (57.7%), fear of mistreatment (77.2%), and decision-making difficulties (66.2%). Among females, good perceived access to FP services was less likely among urban residents (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09–0.53), Christian respondents (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.01–0.36), Muslim respondents (AOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.55) and respondents with poor attitude to FP services (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.24–0.64), but more likely among respondents with a sexual a partner (AOR: 4.48, 95% CI: 2.60–7.75). Among males, good perceived access to FP services was less likely among respondents living with parents (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.67) but more likely among respondents with good knowledge of FP services (AOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.02–5.32). Qualitative findings showed that three themes emerged; knowledge of family planning methods, beliefs about youth contraception and, friendliness of family planning services.ConclusionThe study revealed a substantial gap in perceived access to family planning services among young people in Lira City. Barriers include privacy concerns, fear of mistreatment, and decision-making difficulties. Tailored interventions addressing urban access, religious beliefs for females, and knowledge enhancement for males are essential. Positive aspects like diverse FP methods and physical accessibility provide a foundation for targeted interventions. Youth-friendly services, comprehensive sexual education, and further research are emphasized for a nuanced understanding and effective interventions in Northern Uganda.

Utilisation of Reproductive Health Services among Adolescents in Ghana: Analysis of the 2007 and 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Surveys.

Early pubertal development induces early sexual activities among adolescents. In Ghana, despite the high sexual activity among Ghanaian adolescents, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services are underutilised, primarily due to SRH stigma and a lack of SRH knowledge and information. This study examined the use of SRH services among adolescents aged 15-19 years in Ghana over a ten year period. The study utilised data from the 2007 and 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Surveys (GMHSs). Responses from 2056 and 4909 adolescent females captured in the 2007 and 2017 GMHSs, respectively, were used. The results showed a declining utilisation of SRH services among adolescents from 28.3% in 2007 to 22.5% in 2017. The odds of using family planning among sexually active adolescents increased from 2007 [AOR-0.32, CI-(0.135, 0.77), p < 0.001] to 2017 [AOR-68.62, CI-(36.104, 130.404), p < 0.001]. With increasing age at first sex, adolescents were less likely to use a family planning method in 2007 [AOR-0.94, CI-(0.89,0.99) p < 0.001], but this improved in 2017 [AOR-1.26, CI-(1.220, 1.293), p < 0.001]. Despite this, knowledge of sources for family planning was found to predict its lower utilisation in both 2007 [AOR = 0.15 (95% CI-0.081, 0.283), p < 0.0001] and 2017 [AOR = 0.206 (95% CI-(0.099, 0.426), p < 0.001]. The findings show that even though knowledge of family planning methods predicted low utilisation, knowledge of sources, age at first sex, and educational level positively predicted the utilisation of SRH services from 2007 to 2017. Opportunities for both enhancing the clinical environment and health provider attitudes exist and should be explored for improving SRH outcomes among sexually active adolescents in Ghana.

Knowledge Regarding Family Planning Methods Among Women Admitted at A Public Hospital Postnatal Ward Windhoek, Khomas Region Namibia.

Family planning is a strategy that empower couples and individual to plan and control the number, spacing and timing of their children through the use of contraceptives. A quantitative descriptive design was applied. Primary data was collected directly from the participants through structured validated questionnaire. A probability systematic sampling technique was employed, involving a sample of 255 postnatal women. Data was analysed using excel and presented in graphs and tables for easy interpretation. The findings indicated that the competence was based on a knowledge score of ≥50% because participants were not healthcare professionals and might not have medical background. Participants that obtained a knowledge score of &lt;50% were 72.2%. Only 27.8% out of 255 participants obtained a knowledge score of ≥50%. It can be concluded that a relatively low proportion, specifically 27.8% of postnatal women, possessed good knowledge of family planning methods. The study suggests advocate for healthcare providers to incorporate family planning counselling and education as an integral part of antenatal care services at each contact.

Impact of a community-based family planning education program on married women's knowledge of contraception methods

Objective: To assess the impact of a family planning education program on the knowledge of family planning methods among married women in Sudan. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study included 456 married women. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions covering different aspects of family planning. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups, and pre-and post-tests were conducted to determine the effect of the educational program. Results: The study found that overall knowledge of family planning methods significantly increased from 40% to 85% after educational program (p=0.5). There was significant increase of knowledge of participants regarding meaning of family planning and characteristics of natural methods, hormonal methods, and mechanical methods. Conclusion: A family planning education program significantly increases married women's knowledge of family planning methods in Sudan. It is recommended to increase awareness of mothers regarding family planning by different means of mass of social media like TV and Radio.

Invest in Future: Prioritising Youth Family Planning

Dividend of our much-touted youth bulge will remain a pipedream unless our policy makers realise the need for investing in the health, education, and general wellbeing of the young. Our young population is at a greater risk than adults when using contraceptive services. This risk results from a lack of early education in human reproductive system as well as the cultural taboos surrounding the subject. Affordability, accessibility, and knowledge of contraception are inadequate for young women and couples who would want to space pregnancies. Individuals’ reproductive intentions remain uninformed by critical awareness that swells the number of unintended pregnancies, further aggravated by hazardous unprofessionally administered abortions.&#x0D; ONE-THIRD OF YOUNG MARRIED WOMEN HAVE A DESIRE TO USE CONTRACEPTION&#x0D; There are misconceptions that family planning is for older or married women, despite the fact that many adolescent girls are sexually active. Nearly one third of the young married women, aged 15-19, have a desire to use contraception but are not currently using any contraceptive methods in Pakistan.&#x0D; EARLY INITIATION OF CHILDBEARING IS LINKED TO EDUCATION, OR LACK OF IT&#x0D; Universally, early childbearing before age 18 is associated with many sociodemographic and economic risk factors for young women. For instance, having a child during teenage has adverse consequences for both mother and child’s health. Similarly, women who marry before they are 18 are more likely to drop out of school and are less likely to work.&#x0D; In Pakistan, eight percent of teenage women between 15-19 have begun child bearing and it has remained unchanged since 2012-13 (NIPS 2018). Young women, aged 15-19, with no formal education are at a higher risk of teenage childbearing. Around 15 percent of the teenage ever-married girls with no formal education had already begun childbearing.&#x0D; DISCONNECT BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-19&#x0D; Around 93 percent of currently married teenage women (15-19 years) are not using any contraceptive methods. However, when it comes to knowledge about contraceptive use, only 9 percent of the teenage women did not know any family planning method. A vast majority of women (90.5 percent) know about modern contraceptive methods (Figure 3a &amp; 3b).&#x0D; UNINTENDED FERTILITY AND UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING AMONG YOUNG WOMEN &#x0D; Despite the universal knowledge of family planning methods, particularly modern methods, the lack of use of contraception results in unintended fertility. According to PDHS 2017-18, around 4 percent of the births among mothers less than 20 years old are mistimed. Unmet need for family planning is higher among women aged 15-19. Nearly 18 percent of the young currently married women have an unmet need for family planning in Pakistan (NIPS 2018).

Predisposing Factors Associated with Teenage Pregnancy in Lake Victoria Islands and Mountain Districts of Uganda

Background: There is a high teenage pregnancy rate in Lake Victoria Island and Mountain districts of Uganda. Teenage pregnancy leads to unsafe abortions, infant and maternal mortality, high rate of unemployment, and school drop-outs. This paper aims at establishing the factors influencing teenage pregnancy in Uganda Lake Victoria Island shoreline area and mountain districts. Methods: The analysis focused on 405 girls aged 15–19 years, generated from the 2016 Uganda demographic and Health Survey. The chi-square test statistic was used to establish factors associated with teenage pregnancy. Unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression analysis were conducted on explanatory variables to establish the predictors of teenage pregnancy in the Lake Victoria Island districts and the mountain districts. Statistical significance was considered at 5% level. Results: The findings show that teenage pregnancy rate was at 48% in the Lake Victoria Island districts and at 24% in the mountain districts. Predictors of teenage pregnancy include; aged 18 – 19 years (AOR=4.78, p=0.000, 95% CI 2.85 – 8.01), being in a female-headed household (AOR=0.46, p=0.004, 95% CI 0.25 – 0.85), being in a “working” occupation (AOR=2.22, p=0.005, 95% CI 1.28 – 3.85), belonging to the “rich” quintile (AOR=0.54, p=0.03, 95% CI 0.31 – 0.97) and knowledge of any family planning methods (AOR=18.37, p=0.008, 95% CI=2.17 – 155.5)., Conclusion: The factors associated with high teenage pregnancy in the Uganda Lake Victoria Island shoreline area and mountain districts include; age, sex of household head, occupation (not working), socio-economic status and knowledge of family planning methods. There is need for programs that promote contraceptive use among teenagers and household wealth creation projects, with special attention to dwellers in remote and hard-to-reach areas of the country.

Women’s decision-making power regarding family planning use and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Although emphasis is placed on women's decision-making power regarding family planning use in Ethiopia, the utilization of contraceptives is low. There are studies conducted in different parts of the country on women's decision-making power regarding family planning use; however, there are inconsistent findings. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of women's decision-making power regarding family planning use and associated factors in Ethiopia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to develop the systematic review and meta-analysis. All observational studies were retrieved from online databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, African Journal Online and gray literature. The data search was performed from 1 December to 16 May 2022. The quality of the studies was critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Heterogeneity among studies was examined using the I 2 statistic. RevMan version 5.3 and STATA version 14 software were used for analysis. A total of 852 studies were retrieved, and 8 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of women's decision-making power regarding family planning use was 57 (95% confidence interval: 37, 77). Good knowledge of family planning methods (odds ratio: 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.65, 3.67), a positive attitude toward family planning methods (odds ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 3.2), and having primary or higher education (odds ratio: 9.76, 95% confidence interval: 4.36, 21.99) were associated with increased odds of women's decision-making power regarding family planning use. Nearly three in five married women made decisions regarding family planning use in Ethiopia. Women with good knowledge of family planning methods, a positive attitude toward family planning methods, and women having primary or higher education were associated with increased odds of women's decision-making power regarding family planning use.

Prevalence and determinants of intention to use modern contraceptives among grand-multiparous women in sub-Saharan Africa

BackgroundSub-Saharan Africa, characterised by high fertility and low contraceptive use prevalence, remains one of the settings with the poorest maternal and child health indices globally. Studies have established that grand-multiparous women are at increased risk of these adverse maternal health outcomes, and contraceptive use is important to averting these adverse outcomes. Thus, this study examines the prevalence and determinants of intention to use modern contraceptives among grand-multiparous women in 10 sub-Saharan African countries with high fertility rates.Materials and methodsThe study utilized data from the last installments of the Demographic and Health Survey from the 10 leading countries with the highest total fertility rates in sub-Saharan Africa. These countries include: Angola, Benin, Burundi, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria. Data analysis of 23,500 grand-multiparous women was done at three univariate levels involving a frequency table and bar chart. We employed bivariate logit and multivariate logit regression at the bivariate and multivariate levels to achieve the study objectives. A significant level was determined at p < 0.05.ResultsOur study found that less than 40% of grand-multiparous women in these high fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa, have the intention to use modern contraceptives (39%), but country variations exist with as low as 32.8% in Angola to as high as 71.2% in the Republic of the Congo. The study found that modern contraceptives use intention among grand-multiparous women in these high fertility countries was predicted by a history of contraceptive use and pregnancy termination, exposure to family planning messages on social media, and knowledge of family planning methods. Others were women’s fertility planning status, ideal family size, number of marriages (remarriage), couple’s fertility desire, current age, and level of education.ConclusionIn the high fertility context of sub-Saharan Africa, characterized by low contraceptive use, improving contraceptive use intention among grand-multiparous women is vital for preventing adverse maternal and child health outcomes, including mortality, resulting from a high-risk pregnancy. Hence, interventions should be more innovative in targeting this group of women to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate in line with Family Planning 2030 goals, and ultimately reduce high fertility rates in the region.

Factors associated with utilization of modern postpartum family planing methods during the extended postpartum period among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months at Injibara town, Northwest, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe extended postpartum period is the first twelve months following childbirth and is an important entry point for family planning service providers to reduce unintended and too closely spaced pregnancies. A modern postpartum family planning service is one of the recommended public health interventions for reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortalities in sitting where maternal mortality is high, like in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to assess factors associated with the utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months at Injibara town, Northwest, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 1–15/2019 at Injibara town among 402 mothers. The data was collected by a simple random sampling technique and analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 version. Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and a P-value of < 0.05 in multivariable analysis considered statistically significant. Frequency tables and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables.ResultsThe total sample size of this study was 402 and among them, 400 postpartum mothers participated in the study with a response rate of 99.5%. The utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period among postpartum mothers was 58.5% [95% CI: 53.5- 63%]. Of these, 38.9% and 32.9% of the mothers were using injectables and implants respectively. Secondary and above educational level, having ≥ 3 antenatal care visits, resumption of menstruation, discussing with the partner on utilization of family planning method, being counseled on family planning method utilization during antenatal care visits and immediately after delivery, linkage of the mothers to a family planning unit during child immunization, and having good knowledge of family planning methods were associated with utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period.ConclusionThe utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period among postpartum women was low compared to the world health organization recommendation. Socio-demographic, health care service uptakes, and reproductive characteristics were associated with the utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period. We suggest emphasizing the education and counseling of women on the utilization of family planning during maternal and child health care service utilization. Mothers should be encouraged to start using modern family planning methods before the resumption of menses.

Knowledge and Utilization of Family Planning Methods among people living with HIV in Kathmandu Valley

Background: HIV is a major global health issue, targeting the immune system and making the body prone to diseases. People living with HIV mostly face societal stigma and fear of disclosure resulting in discrimination of accessing health facilities leading to multiple sex partners, increased sexual activity and less use of condoms. HIV positive women are at risk of transmitting HIV to their infants and their partners. Thus, the family planning services if provided to PLHIV can help to improve their and families health. In addition to, it reduces the risk of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Family planning is seemed to be a cost effective strategy for preventing mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). In Nepal, people living with HIV/AIDS were found to experience stigma and discrimination, ultimately resulting in discrimination of accessing health facilities. The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge of family planning methods and identify factors affecting the current utilization of such methods among HIV infected men and women attending ART sites of Kathmandu Valley. The study is expected to contribute in enhancing the present understanding of PLHIV towards family planning. Methods: The cross sectional descriptive method was used for the research. The study followed Population proportion to size method for the calculation of the respondents from four ART sites of Kathmandu Valley. Structured questionnaire used previously in similar research has been adopted with necessary question related to dual contraceptive use. Results: The mean age group of the respondents was (39.16 ± 6.969) years. More than two third respondents (69.5%) were Hindu. 34.8% respondents were married at the less than 20 years of age. Almost three- fourth of the PLHIV (74.4%) were literate where more than three fourth (79.3%) their spouses were literate and educated. About half of the respondents (43.9%) were found to be involved in professional/ technical/ managerial. More than half of the respondent’s spouses (63.4%) were HIV positive. All the respondents (100%) respondents had disclosed their status to their partners. Neither the respondents nor their partner had desire of further child. 28% of neither respondents nor their partners had used the family planning methods before HIV diagnosis. More than half (60.4%) of the respondents had sexual intercourse prior to last 6 months. 15.9% of the respondents positively responded to use of dual protection. Only 11% either respondents or their partners had used the emergency contraceptive pill. 17.7% respondents did not use any family planning. This study revealed that almost half of the respondents (48.8%) had the good knowledge on the use of contraception. Conclusion: The use of dual protection is much less than the half of the respondents. Therefore, counseling and health education towards motivating PLHIV on using dual FP methods to avoid the risk of HIV, STIs and unplanned pregnancy is encouraged.

Faktor Determinan Fertilitas Remaja di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Introduction: Adolescent fertility caused various negative consequences starting from the occurrence of adolescent fertility include health, social and economic impacts. Purpose: to study the determinants of adolescent fertility in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Methods: This study uses secondary survey data in the 2017 IDHS. The sample was adolescents aged 15-19 years who were recorded as selected samples in East Nusa Tenggara Province as many as 401 adolescents. Analysis using multiple logistic regression with predictive factor model. Results: The highest aOR value is marital status 17.25 (95% CI 6.60-45.04). Education only finished elementary school aOR 4.94 (95%CI 1.08-22.45). Never accessed the internet aOR 3.37 (95%CI 0.85-13.37). For every 1 year increase in adolescent age, the odds increased by 3.32 (95% CI 1.71-6.46) or 19 years old had the highest odds. Didn’t work aOR 3.00 (95% CI 0.71-12.66). Living in rural areas aOR 2.55 (95%CI 0.53-12.13). Low knowledge of family planning methods has an AOR of 0.26 (0.05-1.22). Conclusion: The determinants of adolescent fertility in NTT Province are age, education, occupation, marital status, place of residence, internet use and knowledge of family planning methods.

Uptakes and associated factors of postpartum family planning in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Post-partum family planning aims to prevent unintended pregnancy within the first year postpartum. Closely spaced pregnancy within the first year of post-partum (PP) is associated with higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight or small for gestational age. However, the perceived uptakes of postpartum contraceptives is very low. The intention of this study was determine uptakes and associated factors of postpartum family planning in southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Hawassa city administration which is the capital of SNNPR. Community based cross-sectional study was employed women who gave birth in the last 12 months before survey. Data was collected using structured questionnaire proceeding informed verbal consent. Logistic regression model was used to identify associations between variables and findings were presented by tables and figures. The prevalence of current post-partum contraceptive use was 85.1%. After adjusting for covariates; the odds of using postpartum contraceptive were 1.31 times, 12.13 times, 5.17 times, 10.77 time and 4.69 times higher among women with, knowledge about advantages and side effects of contraceptives, partner support for contraceptive use, previously contraceptive use and not returned period respectively with (P &amp;#60;0. 05).uptakesofpostpartum contraceptives in Hawassa city administration was promising. Detailed counseling about postpartum contraceptive use, could assist equipping women with knowledge of family planning methods; empowering them to be decisive in the health and positivity of male partners are very crucial to promote postpartum use of contraceptives.

Family Planning Methods Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Kordofan University Students, Sudan, (Jun 2017 to Jan 2018).

Family planning is the ability of couples and individuals to plan the number and spacing of their children, [1]. Many young people need contraceptives to delay pregnancy. Ideally, young women and men should wait until at least 18 years or have finished studies and are ready before having children, [2]. An institution-based cross-sectional descriptive study was done to an assessment of family planning methods knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Kordofan University students, Sudan, (Jun 2017 to Jan 2018). A simple random sampling (SRS) technique was implemented. This is the most basic scheme of random sampling and the sample size taken was (376). Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version (26.0) and Microsoft Excel software. The findings showed that nearly all (95%) undergraduate students had heard about family planning. nearly all (97.1%) of undergraduate students have a misconception about contraceptives, of them (58%) female and (39.1%) males; (X2= 7.274, p-value = 0.007). Only (8.5%) of students had sexual intercourse before marriage, (62.5%) of students who had a history of sexual intercourse used contraceptives. There was a significant correlation relationship between undergraduates’ practices and gender; (P-value = 0.000). There was a significant correlation relationship between undergraduates’ knowledge of family planning methods and gender. (X2= 12.846, P-value = 0.000). This study recommended that encouraging the students to the uptake of FBMs services through educational programs should be done among students.

Family Planning Methods Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Kordofan University Students, Sudan, (Jun 2017 to Jan 2018).

Family planning is the ability of couples and individuals to plan the number and spacing of their children, [1]. Many young people need contraceptives to delay pregnancy. Ideally, young women and men should wait until at least 18 years or have finished studies and are ready before having children, [2]. An institution-based cross-sectional descriptive study was done to an assessment of family planning methods knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Kordofan University students, Sudan, (Jun 2017 to Jan 2018). A simple random sampling (SRS) technique was implemented. This is the most basic scheme of random sampling and the sample size taken was (376). Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version (26.0) and Microsoft Excel software. The findings showed that nearly all (95%) undergraduate students had heard about family planning. nearly all (97.1%) of undergraduate students have a misconception about contraceptives, of them (58%) female and (39.1%) males; (X2= 7.274, p-value = 0.007). Only (8.5%) of students had sexual intercourse before marriage, (62.5%) of students who had a history of sexual intercourse used contraceptives. There was a significant correlation relationship between undergraduates’ practices and gender; (P-value = 0.000). There was a significant correlation relationship between undergraduates’ knowledge of family planning methods and gender. (X2= 12.846, P-value = 0.000). This study recommended that encouraging the students to the uptake of FBMs services through educational programs should be done among students.

The Utilization of Family Planning Methods Among Rural Women In Ogun State, Nigeria

Family planning implies spacing and timing of child births. However, despite many actions put in place by government at all levels to sensitize citizen on the need for family planning; most Nigeria population still does not practice it as expected. Thus, the study assessed the utilization of family planning methods among rural women in Ogun State. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents and structured questionnaire schedule was used for the data collection. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential analysis.Result shows that majority of the rural women had mean age of 33±10, 45.0% were Muslims, 57.5% had secondary education, 77.5% married, 50.0% traders, 39.1% had between 5 and 6 persons in their households, 42.5% earned between 35,001 and 60,000 monthly and 66.7% of the were member of social association. Also, 60.8% had low awareness of contraceptive methods. In addition, 56.7% had high knowledge of family planning methods, most of the rural women sourced information on family planning through television. Also, increase in weight experienced by the respondents were the health factors militating against the utilization of family planning methods by the rural women as 50.8% had high utilization of family planning methods used by the rural women. There was a significant relationship between member of social association (?2=4.268, p&lt;0.05), awareness of contraceptive method utilize by rural women (r=0.761, p&lt;0.05), knowledge (r=0.617, p&lt;0.002), source of information (r=-0.119, p&lt;0.05), factors (r=0.201, p&lt;0.05) and level of utilization of family planning methods.It is therefore concluded that most of the women had high knowledge of family planning methods but only utilized the commons ones available to them. It is therefore recommended that educative trainings should be organized for the women to enhance their usage of other methods to ensure a secured child bearing.

Up takes of Postpartum Contraceptives

Background: Post-partum family planning aims to prevent an intended pregnancy within the first year postpartum. Closely spaced pregnancy within the first year of PP is associated with higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight or small for gestational age. However, the perceived uptakes of postpartum contraceptives are very low. The intention of this study was determine uptakes and associated factors of postpartum family planning in southern Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in Hawassa city administration which is the capital of SNNPR. Community based cross sectional study was employed women who gave birth in the last 12 months before survey. Data was collected using structured questionnaire proceeding informed verbal consent. Logistic regression model was used to identify associations between variables and findings were presented. Result: The prevalence of current post-partum contraceptive use was 85.1%. After adjusting for covariates; the odds of using postpartum contraceptive were 1.31 times, 12.13 times, 5.17 times, 10.77 time and 4.69 times higher among women with, knowledge about advantages and side effects of contraceptives, partner support for contraceptive use, previously contraceptive use and not returned period respectively with (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Uptakes of postpartum contraceptives in Hawassa city administration was promising. Detailed counseling about postpartum contraceptive use, could assist equipping women with knowledge of family planning methods; empowering them to be decisive in the health and positivity of male partners are very crucial to promote postpartum use of contraceptives.

Knowledge and Attitude of Adolescents on Reproductive Health (Rh): A Case of Padmakanya Higher Secondary School, Kathmandu

The present study aims at finding out the essential knowledge and attitude on reproductive health among adolescents studying at the higher secondary level. It is a case study of Padmakanya H.S.S. of the total 110 girl students of class 11 and 12 were selected. This study is quantitative in design and descriptive in nature. A structured questionnaire was prepared for the collection of data in which 38 types of closed questions were asked to fulfill the objectives. The findings of the study reveal that irrespective of caste, religion, and ethnicity majority of the respondents have knowledge on reproductive health. About 90% of respondents have knowledge of it. Similarly, their attitude to have the knowledge of RH was entirely positive. Almost 91.8% answered positively for having its knowledge. They have the knowledge of family planning methods, birth spacing, appropriate age of marriage, and HIV/AIDS. They have acquired the required knowledge of components of RH such as infertility, safe motherhood, transmission and prevention of STIs and HIV, physical change, and menstruation cycle. However, some of them lack the knowledge of RH matter. Overall, the acquisition of knowledge of RH, the national birth rate, mortality, morbidity, and fertility is maintained at the national level.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Status of Adolescents in Nepal

This article explores about the sexual and reproductive features of adolescence in the context of Nepal. Adolescence refers to the years of transition from childhood to adulthood. This study is a review based on secondary data source. Most of the data and information are carried out by demographic and health survey conducted by Ministry of Health and Population. Married adolescent 15-19 years of aged population are recognized as the study population for this study. The study finds the proportion of married adolescent women are decreased from 43 percent in 1996 to 27 percent in 2016. On the basis of sexual and reproductive health behavior of adolescent, female are more active than male. The result shows that the knowledge of family planning methods among adolescents are found universal. The demand of family planning seems to be insufficient to this group. The 15 percent of adolescents have utilized the family planning methods. The unmet need of family planning is higher in adolescent women than that of national level. The adolescent pregnancy is another serious problem. Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2016 states that 17 percent of adolescents are either mothers or are pregnant. This number was 43 percent in 1996. The trend of adolescent pregnancy seems to be decreasing. However, the sexual and reproductive health behavior of adolescent has become a social concern in developing countries like Nepal. In this way, the Nepalese government should prioritize in the contemporary issues of sexual and reproductive behavior of adolescents in the country.