Creation Of Knowledge Economy Research Articles

Role of Higher Education in Creation of Knowledge Economy in Punjab, Pakistan

Knowledge is working as an engine in achieving sustainable economic development goals for societies who are shifting from labor intensive economy to knowledge based economy like Pakistan. Education works like a backbone in knowledge based economies. Hence, the current research is planned to find out that is the educational institutions of Pakistan are contribution in production of new knowledge or not. Survey was the technique used by researcher for collection of information. Tool for gathering data was questionnaire and sample was selected from six public and private universities of Punjab Pakistan by applying simple random technique while the sample size was comprised of 606 respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were considered to analyze the data. Association found between the efforts made by higher educational institutions by providing access to knowledge, rich infrastructure, funds, incentives, research and development, human capital development, collaboration with industry and creation of knowledge economy.

Beyond ‘chalk and talk’: educator perspectives on design immersion programs for rural and regional schools

Twenty-first century education needs to be re-envisioned to equip citizens for a lifetime of rapid change and complexity. Design has been proposed as a pedagogical framework that develops the required foundational literacies, competencies and character qualities citizens need to thrive in this new creative knowledge economy. However, widespread adoption will require systemic transformation of practice, and recognition of the value of formal and informal ‘connected’ learning environments and experiences. This paper explores the potential of design immersion outreach efforts in fostering design capabilities and building educators’ pedagogical repertoires to support twenty-first century learning. It documents educators’ experiences of goDesign, the first three-day place-based travelling design immersion experience for regional and rural Australian high school students and teachers. Drawing on observational data, and in-depth interviews with participating principals (n = 3) and teachers (n = 14) from six regional schools, educators believed goDesign provided new ideas for their classroom practice. They felt it broadened horizons for both themselves and their students, through: personally inspiring experiences and career aspiration; engagement in design thinking process, skills and mindset; and providing a valuable opportunity for community building. As educators in regional and rural areas often experience geographical, social and professional isolation, this paper argues that place-based informal design immersion programs might be an innovative way to engage and educate both students and teachers with design, thus building the competencies required for successful twenty-first century futures.

Formation of innovative concepts of the concept of information and cultural management in the system of the interdisciplinary space

The relevance of the research is that the information and cultural management and conditions of its formation have been analyzed. Information and cultural management is the result of the formation of an innovative society and a creative-knowledge economy, which is based on innovation. Formulation of the task - information and cultural management is the basis of the formation of an innovative society and an innovative person. This type of society requires the development of information and cultural management in the cultural practice of the knowledge-intelligent economy. An analysis of recent research and publications - we rely on authors who investigated culture as a phenomenon that acts as a factor in the formation and development of innovation and cultural management. These are the works of T.Andrushenko, V.Vashkevich, V.Voronkova, O.Kivlyuk, S.Krylova, A.Kravchenko, M.Kirichenko, S.Kutsepal, V.Melnyk, V.Nikitenko, R.Olexenko, T.Rozova. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem - conceptualization of the innovative personality as an object and subject of information and cultural management. The research is based on the conceptualization of the innovative principles of the concept of information and cultural management in the system of interdisciplinary space as a factor in the formation of a creative economy. Formulation of the problem - to use of methods and approaches, in particular, socio-acyological and synergistic, which allowed to consider the conditions of formation of the concept of information and cultural management in the conditions of the challenges of the information revolution. Presenting main material. The place and role of information and cultural management as a new scientific direction and discipline are analyzed and its place in the system of sciences is determined. The basis of information and cultural management is the viability of innovations as a factor for introducing a culture of management and management culture. It was investigated that innovations stimulate the production of material and spiritual goods, which determine the formation of cultural policy of organizations. It was determined that information and cultural management forms a model for expanding the influence of culture on all spheres of management. The essence of culture and innovations as the main determinants of information and cultural management and their influence on human capital development are revealed.Conclusions - the evolution is revealed of management from its classical form to the modern, based on which the establishment of cultural dominant and its cultivation in managerial politics is revealed

Formation of the creativepersonality concept as a factor of the creative knowledge economy in theconditions of globalization

Urgency of the research is the formation conditions for creative personality, which are the result of the creative knowledge economy, where the given type of personality is the main component. Target setting is the phenomenon of the creative personality as a phenomenon and the basis for the formation of a similar concept. Information society and social entrepreneurship are the key factors for the formation and development of the creative knowledge economy. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. We rely on authors who investigate the " knowledgeable-intellectual " society, which is based on a knowledgeable-intellectual personality. The main works are written by V. Andrushenko, T. Andruschenko, V.Vashkevich, V.Voronkova, O.Kivliyuk, V.Melnyk, V.Nikitenko, R.Olexenko, O.Sosnin. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining: conceptualization of the creative personality concept through the global world challenges. The research is based on theoretical aspects of the concept formation for the creative personality as a factor of the creative knowledge economy formation. The research objective is the use of socio-axiological and neo-axiological approaches and methods that allow to get through the conditions of the creative individual formation in response to the challenges of globalization and the information society. The statement of basic materials. Personal value orientations, which are essential for the formation of the information-knowledge economy or neo-economy are the main cores of axiology. The research shows that creativity stimulates the production of innovative material and spiritual goods, promotes acceleration of commercialization and the final consumption of material and spiritual goods. It is found that Homo economicus is the basis for the formation of creative entrepreneurship and its transformation into the social capital of the nation. The essence of culture as the main dominant component and the key formation factor for creative and valuable competitive specialists are revealed.Conclusions. The evolution from "homo economicus" to "homo creativus" is revealed in the conditions of globalization and global rankings of the creative economy; the concept of creative personality as a factor of creative and knowledge economy in the conditions of globalization challenges is created; holistic representation of the creative personality as a factor in the formation of the knowledge-information economy is presented

Information infrastructure capability and organisational competitive advantage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an inclusive research model to overcome the single perspective issues of the previous research which were looking at either on knowledge management (KM) activity, information technology (IT) applications or information infrastructure capability (IIC) independently. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviewed and categorised five knowledge management (KM) frameworks: first, KM foundation studies; second, resource-based view studies; third, IIC studies; fourth, competitive advantage (CA) studies; fifth, organisational information processing theory studies to propose research model. Case studies based on face-to-face interviews were conducted to empirically analyse the proposed research model. Findings – An inclusive research model was suggested to redress the key limitation of past studies in this research field. Research limitations/implications – Since Asian countries are at present heading for the creation of a knowledge economy, the present study is important to assist government and researchers to develop the most suitable information infrastructure for effective KM in the organisation. The research model proposed by the present study can also become a key reference to the governments and researchers in other developing countries towards the creation of knowledge economy. Practical implications – The model proposed by the present study will help organisations to examine the performance of their current information infrastructure towards developing new business processes, techniques and decisions for effective KM in the organisations. Originality/value – The present study is one of the pioneer studies that integrating important IICs such as the integrating capability, data management capability, security capability, utility capability and collaborating capability in the research framework to assist knowledge-based companies to enhance current KM practices and attain long-term CA.

Cohesion Processes in Internal and External Spaces of the European Union: the New Priorities

Cohesion as an especially important factor of modernization processes, as well as of processes of European integration and enlargement of the European Union are analyzed in this theoretical article. The needs of cohesion and possibilities to activate the cohesion in the context of European integration in general, as well as the impact of cohesion on the further enlargement of the European Union are discussed. This article raises and considers the problem of social, economic and political development, cultural changes, the new tendencies of technological progress and environmental protection, closely associated with the cohesion processes, taking place under the conditions of European integration and the European Union development and enlargement. It is shown that the cohesion processes determine the basic changes in contemporary society and its life in the common cultural, social and economic space in the European Union. The main attentions is paid to the specifics of cohesion in the internal and in the external spaces of the European Union, the role and significance of the processes of innovative development in the context of general priorities of cohesion are characterized.It is shown that there are some needs to define the priorities of cohesion processes separately for internal spaces of the European Union, as well as for external spaces. The priorities of innovative development and technological progress are defined as the main priorities of cohesion in internal spaces of the European Union.The priorities of goal-oriented cooperation with the developing countries of new type with post-crisis economy are defined as the main priorities of cohesion in external spaces of the European Union.The variety of the cohesion processes is described, new trends of cohesion in the context of globalization and internationalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation processes are identifiedDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.24.5.2579

High technologies sector under the conditions of the creation of knowledge-based society: challenges and priorities in the European Union

This paper analyses the needs and priorities of the creation and further development of high technologies sector in the European Union, especially in the context of challenges for knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation. An original theoretical concept oriented to the creation, development and further modernisation of high technologies sector, and based on the priorities of initiation of the synergy effects, is described. The essence of this theoretical concept – orientation to the multifaceted interaction between different institutions and organisations representing different activities, functions, systems and interests, and different industries, different spheres of production, manufacturing and services, as well as different sectors of economy and social life in general. Strong focus is given to the processes of internationalisation and their impact on the development of high technologies sector are analysed.

Creative industries and knowledge economy development in Rome: the example of Pietralata District

This research aims at clarifying the development of creative cluster embedded in an emerging cultural neighbourhood in Rome. This study intends to consider the east quarter of Rome called ‘Pietralata’ as new cultural centrality located in ex-industrial areas and it demonstrates how the cultural regeneration as well as urban planning are two fundamental dimensions for re-structuring Roman metropolitan area. This study intends to consider the quarter of ‘Pietralata’ as new cultural centrality located in ex-industrial area and it demonstrates how the cultural regeneration as well as urban planning are two fundamental dimensions for re-structuring Roman metropolitan area. It is important to highlight how the East Roman area is leading to establish a new functionality in terms of socio-economic, creative and territorial development. It attempts to underline how the dynamics of economic and urban renewal, based on the culture-led regeneration model, concretely changes formally industrial spaces like the creative pole of ‘Lanificio 159’. It also encourages the debate for policy makers to establish a new framework for implementing an integrated strategic-cultural repositioning of the city.

COHESION PROCESSES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: TENDENCIES AND NEW CHALLENGES

Cohesion processes in the European Union, new development tendencies, as well as contemporary challenges for further European integration are analyzed in this theoretical article. Possibilities of activation of the processes of European integration and of the further enlargement of the European Union are discussed. The main attention is paid to the role and priorities of cohesion in the context of needs of the common cultural, social and economic space creation. The article raises and considers the problem of social, economic and political development, cultural changes, the new tendencies of technological progress and environmental protection, closely associated with the cohesion processes, taking place under the conditions of European integration and the European Union development and enlargement. It is shown that the cohesion processes determine the basic changes in contemporary society and its life in the common cultural, social and economic space in the European Union. The main principles of cohesion are formulated and described, the role and significance of these principles are discussed. The variety of the cohesion processes is described, new trends of cohesion in the context of globalization and internationalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation processes are identified. Regularities of the cohesion processes in general, as well as of the cohesion processes in the European Union, are described. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.6.1705

Triple Helix Innovation Model: Linking the Academia, the Business Sector and the Government, Case Study of Macedonia

Innovation has become a key factor to sustainable growth and knowledge economy creation, having impact on the national competitiveness in the regional and global economy.Innovation systems in small, landlocked developing countries are, inherently problematic, characterized by poor business and governance conditions, low educational levels and meritocratic infrastructure. This raises particular challenges for introducing structured innovative models in small developing countries such as Macedonia. The aim of this paper is to touch upon certain anomalies of the Macedonian innovation system and, at the same time, to entice the much needed debate on the triple helix innovation system formation in Macedonia.

EUROPE OF KNOWLEDGE: THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The complexity of global transformations and the knowledge based society creation processes, as well as the processes of the European integration is analyzed in the article. The complex analysis and the multidimensional evaluation of the processes of global transformations and of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation in the European Union as an perspective theoretical approach in research on societal changes in the context of globalization is defined and described in the article. The variety of global transformations is described, the main problems and processes of the creation of knowledge based society and knowledge economy in the context of globalization are identified and studied. The processes of the creation of knowledge based society and knowledge economy are defined as the processes belonging to the category of global transformation processes: it means that the complex interaction between the general processes of global transformations and the processes of the creation of knowledge based society and knowledge economy is a very important factor of the positive changes in the societal life in the context of globalization and European integration. The main idea of the complex analysis and of the evaluation of the factors of interaction between the general processes of global transformations and the processes of knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation is that all these processes as a common global transformations are defined and analyzed, and the new challenges for creation of knowledge based society and knowledge economy in the context of globalization are identified. The main regularities of the global transformations are identified, their impact on real processes of knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation in the European Union is characterized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.5.1075

Urban regeneration and the creative knowledge economy: The case of 22@ in Barcelona

Barcelona is frequently used as an example of a successful city-region in the international sphere: the ability to transform the city into a desirable place for its quality of life and the capacity to renovate and adapt the local economy to the new global requirements, among others, are key issues for success. Thus, the emergence of the present Barcelona is the consequence of both land and urban regeneration together with creativity, knowledge and innovation as the main targets for the local economy. The ability of the city to cope with global challenges in the local arena responds to a deliberate policy strategy which started long before the celebration of the Olympics. A particular case study, the 22@, shows this example of all-embracing regeneration in a specific location. The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, the importance of the city’s trajectory and the main factors for its success will be explained. On the other, the 22@ case will be developed, paying special attention to the varied regeneration aspects involved. Finally, some reflections will be provided concerning the main future challenges and opportunities for Barcelona.

Digitized Youth: Constructing Identities in the Creative Knowledge Economy

The article elaborates on the notion of building knowledge cultures and the creative knowledge economy, referring largely to work jointly written with Michael A. Peters. It then discusses some of the recent research findings about US youths' engagement and identities in the digital world that have become available since 2007. It examines the creativity of youths and the constructive means they use to develop new identities and subjectivities that resist the worst excesses of the market while engaging and negotiating the emergent social media and developing their own hybridized sense of style in music and culture. Finally, the article looks at youth and creativity—the implications for the creative knowledge economy with this new generation of digital natives and how education might finally take an active role rather than banning children's participation.

CREATING KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY AND KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: THE MAIN PRINCIPLES AND PHENOMENA

Theoretical problems and priorities of the scientific research on creating knowledge-based society and knowledge economy are described and analyzed in the article.A new concept of knowledge-based society and knowledge economy creation and development processes is described. The main idea is that knowledge-based society and knowledge economy creation and development processes may be attributed to the category of global transformation processes, therefore, all general phenomena and characteristics of global transformations are absolutely typical of the creation and development of knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.The processes of creating knowledge-based society and knowledge economy are analyzed in the general context of global transformations processes.The main principles of creating knowledge-based society and knowledge economy, as well as the main phenomena of knowledge-based society and knowledge economy creation processes are described.Creating and modernizing knowledge-based society and knowledge economy are very complicated processes oriented to the formation of a new quality of society and a qualitatively new lifestyle. These processes may be described as especially complicated, because they pursuie a new quality in two aspects:• knowledge-based society and knowledge economy, compared to “traditional” society and economy, are in all cases described as qualitatively new;• creation and development of knowledge-based society and knowledge economy take place under conditions of global changes, which means that qualitative changes take place in all global space, the essence of those changes being creation and spread of knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.The universal principle of the “new quality creation” is characterized. This principle shows that new quality always forms itself or is formed on the ground of conjugation when elements of different origin, which have never before belonged to the same system, merge into a common interaction system, and that the conjugation processes may be of two types–those of integration and synthesis. The general and some specific phenomena of creating knowledge-based society and knowledge economy are characterized.

Integration Processes in the Baltic Region : the New Form of Regional Transformations in the European Union

Regional integration oriented transformations in the Baltic region, as well as the unified social, economic and technological space formation processes are described and analysed. These processes are comprehended as an important factor of further social, economic and technological modernization in the Baltic countries, as a precondition for more intensive and active integration of Baltic economic systems into the European and global economic and technological structures, as well as a knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation factor. The arguments determining the idea of the Baltic region community and unity, as well as opposing arguments are evaluated. The main principles of integration in the Baltic region, as well as the possible integration strategies are analyzed. The unified social, economic and technological space in the Baltic region as a research area is described. Formation of the unified social, economic and technological space in the Baltic region could be defined as an important precondition for further modernization and for more intensive and active integration of the national and regional societal and economic systems into the common European and global development processes. Formation of this unified space in the Baltic region could be comprehend as a successful case of the regional integration oriented transformations in the European Union: regional integration oriented transformations could be defined as an important aspect of the social, economic and technological modernization in the European Union in general, and as an important factor of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation. Regional integration oriented transformations and the unified spaces in the Baltic region formation processes could be defined as an important and a complicated scientific research area. The main research priorities in the area of formation of the unified social, economic and technological space in the Baltic region are the following ones: - the preparation of the conception of the Baltic region as a whole, including preparation and evaluation of various system indicators of Baltic region, - the complex analysis of the expressions of centripetal and centrifugal force forming in the Baltic region as a system, - the complex analysis of the arguments - determining the idea of the Baltic region community and unity, - the complex analysis of the opposing arguments to the idea of the Baltic region being a community, - the formation of regulating and self- regulating mechanisms for Baltic region’s development, - the social, economic and technological integration strategies for Baltic region. The basis for the formation of a unified social, economic, technological space in the Baltic region is the comprehension of this region as a whole. The comprehension of the Baltic region as a whole is based upon the formation and implementation of political, economic, and social development regulations, and the Baltic region as a unified geopolitical, social and economic system's development strategy preparation and realization should be understood as the principle problem of the Baltic countries' more intensive and active integration into European and world structures. The solution of these problems, requiring a deep and complete set of arguments, could be the essential basis to modernize the Baltic countries, their economic systems and societal structures. The comprehension of the Baltic region as a whole includes these important problem areas: - the commonality of the Baltic countries and unified activity system and the evaluation of the effects of these actions, - the specific distinguishing features of the countries, due to their shared problems and integration difficulties, - external and internal effects and environments, determining their integration prospects and limitations, - the integration mechanisms and conditions for them to surface and spread, - the mechanisms, and their dynamic possibilities, for more intensive and active integration into European and world structures by the Baltic region as a whole. The development of the Baltic region as a whole and its effectiveness, is largely based upon how sensible and effective these development regulations are, and also the self-regulation mechanisms. Regulating and self-regulating mechanism targeting allows the programming and planning of development, and foreseeing the forms of rational separate country specializations and their cooperation and ties with other countries. The basis of these mechanisms could be spread even in the inter-regional integration processes of the Baltic countries. The systematic studies of the Baltic region as a geopolitical, economic, technological, social and cultural whole are very prospective and actual in various ways toward the direction of practical and scientific activity.

Guest Editor’s Introduction to Special Theme Issue: Part 1 Pedagogical Meanings Emerging in Practice

The principle goal of education is to create men [and women] who are capable of doing new things, not simply of repeating what other generations have done - men who are creative, inventive and discoverers.Jean Piaget(cited in Malek, 2007, p. iv)IntroductionThis is the first part of two issues of the International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning in 2008 both of which relate in a variety of ways to the theme of meanings emerging in practice. This theme was the major focus of the Third International Conference on Pedagogies and Learning in Brisbane, Australia in 2007 and several articles were post-conference submissions. In this issue, Part one, there are nine anonymously peer reviewed articles. As a cluster they consider pedagogical issues and impacts on both learners and teachers, and indeed relate to a range of meanings emerging in practice. These meanings involve the impact of the learning journey for learners, pedagogical approaches to enable learners to make sense of their experiences, the potential of the pedagogical journey to change attitudes and values, acknowledgment of learners' life experiences and events that may impact on their learning, as well as pedagogies related to students' acquisition of and learning in English as a foreign/second language. For teachers there is recognition of the need to acquire new ways of thinking about knowledge and accompanying values. Within this the importance of creativity and transdisciplinarity are emphasised. In recognising the important role of pre-service teacher education today, in it's ability to prepare teachers who are able to in turn engage all students in learning, collectively these works reflect the globalisation of education and new contexts for learning with an accent on transformative pedagogical approaches (Mezirow & Associates, 2000).OverviewIn his first article Bernadette Walker-Gibbs examines the new challenges that stem from the move towards the concept of the 'creative knowledge economy' and focus on the creative industries, and implications for tertiary educators and researchers. In advocating a way forward through the application of Giri's (2002) model for transdisciplinarity this article foreshadows the need for new ways of thinking to come to grips with the commodification of knowledge as opposed to its traditional academic value, and in turn the need for new paradigms for researching and developing understanding.Article two, by Cheryl Mallen and Frank Crowther reports the results of the application of the Change Infusion Model (CIM) in the exploration of pedagogical change involving teachers/lecturers in the university sector in Canada. These educators' experiences and perceptions of change were documented through the application of LaBoskey's Dimensions of Reflection (1993), which involved a written and collaborative discourse method. A lens of paradox was used to engage participants in making meaning from the contradictions and inconsistencies in their experience of a pedagogical change process. Four paradoxes were identified as confronting participants' in their professional lives thus highlighting the challenges emerging from the demands of pedagogical change for practitioners in contemporary times.In article three, Soenke Biermann seeks to begin a conversation about developing transformative pedagogies that addresses the growing inability of education systems to engage many students in learning, and particularly those from disadvantage groups. In emphasising the need to critically reflect upon existing pedagogical approaches this work focuses on exploring the common principles that underpin Indigenous pedagogies and environmental education. Their ability to be transformative is argued through their use in re-evaluating existing models of teaching and learning and assistance in re-conceptualising alternative pedagogies and their underlying epistemologies. In the identification of this common ground and the need to nurture it in the future this stimulating discussion raises awareness of many critical considerations and also draws attention to relevant initiatives of ethno-ecological education (Doucette, Ransom & Kowalewski, 2006) and environmental outreach and exchange programs (McCoppin, 2003). …

Valuing Creativity in the Higher Education Sector: What Price the Creative Knowledge Economy?

Contemporary economic and social contexts including the creative knowledge economy provide competing perspectives on 'the future' of higher education and the role of the academic within these contexts. Increasingly educators and educational leaders are expected to act in 'futures' oriented ways whilst remaining true to the professional standards of their present environments. Working in the creative industries or as part of the creative knowledge economy increasingly contributes to Australia's strategic directions for the future but also has an influence on what is valued in the higher education sector. This paper explores the impact of the creative knowledge economy on the higher education sector and its response to the changing educational landscapes. An exploration is undertaken of the shift towards creative industries where the value of creativity and the arts is linked to economic value. It is argued that this shift requires researchers to alter their identities from that of having 'academic' value to engaging with the commodification of knowledge. The paper concludes with a suggested way forward for both the creative industries and the higher education sector using Giri's (2002) model for transdisciplinarity.

INTEGRAL SPACES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: POSSIBLE TRENDS OF THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE BALTIC REGION

Regional integration oriented transformations in the Baltic region, as well as the unified social, economic and technological space formation processes are described and analysed. These processes are comprehended as an important factor of further social, economic and technological modernization in the Baltic countries, as a precondition for more intensive and active integration of Baltic economic systems into the European and global economic and technological structures, as well as a knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy creation factor. The arguments determining the idea of the Baltic region community and unity, as well as opposing arguments are evaluated. The main principles of integration in the Baltic region, as well as the possible integration strategies are analysed. The unified social, economic and technological space in the Baltic region as a research area is described.

THE MULTI‐LAYERED CITY: THE VALUE OF OLD URBAN PROFILES

ABSTRACTA mix of factors including increasing wealth, de‐industrialisation, the collapse of the Wall, the EU extension and global competition has set new conditions for European urban development. It is often claimed that European cities have particularly good prospects in the creative knowledge economy because of characteristics such as compactness, high density, functional mix and a rich cultural‐historical heritage. This, however, may be truer for some cities than for others. In this contribution we highlight the path dependent development and current perspectives of two European cities, Amsterdam and Leipzig. Their development paths are especially interesting since the two cities initially experienced similar characteristics and developments, but under different state regimes clearly experienced divergence, while new opportunities developed from 1990 onwards. We investigated how these development paths impact upon current perspectives. One conclusion is that old urban profiles retain their value, even after serious efforts to get rid of them.

The power of knowledge sharing

One commonly cited antidote for UK manufacturers against the effects of outsourcing is to innovate and increase the rate of technology transfer. Government policy supports this approach through the creation of knowledge economy - designed to promote the generation of high value-add knowledge, technology and associated skills. Attention is focused on the generation side of the knowledge economy, but without associated swift application, these policies are most likely to fail. This paper discusses the barriers which have to be broached by the UK manufacturing sector in order to gain the benefits of technology transfer.