Knee Pads Research Articles

Knee replacement patients and wearable knee pads

This paper proposes a novel solution to the common problem of knee stiffness experienced by patients following knee replacement surgery. The paper suggests designing a wearable knee pad that is fitted with three 6-axis IMU sensors to monitor, evaluate, and process the movement data of the patient’s knee in real-time. The data collected would then be used to provide appropriate recovery methods and encouragement to the patients. This paper highlights the advancements in wearable technology and remote patient monitoring, which allow for the improvement of postoperative care and behavioural change in knee replacement surgery patients. The literature review section examines the role of mHealth technologies and wearable sensors in remote patient monitoring and behaviour change for total knee arthroplasty patients. The research recommends integrating mobile health and wearable sensor technologies for remote patient monitoring and behaviour change interventions in these patients for enhanced postoperative care and improved patient outcomes. The proposed methodology includes user-friendly interfaces that provide continuous monitoring, personalized rehabilitation programs, and enhanced patient engagement using machine learning algorithms to recognize patterns and anomalies in knee motion data. The data analysis section employs various filtering, segmentation, normalization, and statistical methods to ensure accurate and meaningful data analysis. The document concludes by highlighting the need for further research to optimize and validate these technologies and interventions.

Investigation of flexible graphene hybrid knitted sensor for joint motion recognition based on convolutional neural network fusion long short-term memory network

Wearable electronics have attracted have attracted widespread attentions for their promising applications in motion monitoring and human-computer interaction. This paper proposes a flexible wearable joint movement intelligent sensing and recognition system to achieve stable and reliable motion feature extraction and recognition. Flexible graphene hybrid knitted sensor were prepared by transferring graphenes (GNs) agent onto stretchable knitted products via a simple spray-drying approach. The small dynamic movement of human joints for the prepared GNs hybrid sensing gloves, elbow pads and knee pads were converted into electrical signals for sensitive detection. The convolutional neural network fusion long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) network with self-attention mechanism (SAM) is established for feature training and intelligent dynamic recognition of the measured joint information. The interconnected conductive networks endowed knitted sensor with good flexibility and remarkable electrical conductivity of 37 S/m. The unique conductive networks in the fabric offered excellent linearity and repeatable resistance response variation for better detection of joint motion. The resistant signal was analyzed by feature extraction, data correlation capture and time sequence relationship modeling. Finally, the test results show that the proposed CNN-LSTM with SAM network achieves 97%, 96% and 100% correct recognition rates for gesture signals, elbow and wrist signals and knee signals respectively, which is obviously higher than other recognition algorithms. It has great application prospects in the fields of smart wear, medical detection, and smart elderly care.

Design of protected clothing for the cockpit for safety purposes

Kokpar" is an extreme equestrian game with a very deep history. The peculiarity of the game is that the horsemen who can ride a horse, who participate in it, are divided into two teams, regardless of age and weight category. The game kokpar has acquired a special character in the culture of nomads and is widespread among the people to this day. There are a lot of movements in the game kokpar with the risk of serious injury, players are constantly on the move, dangerous moments often arise that can lead to injury. The purpose of the research work is to improve the clothing of the kokpar crew from the point of view of safety. In this regard, this article defines the type of movements that directly affect injuries in the game. The conditions of the sports game were studied, the main shortcomings of the current clothing were revealed, and a protective headdress was prepared to protect the player's head from injury. Based on the analysis of scientific and technical information and scientific works, the rules of the game were studied, the ergonomics of the players' movements were determined, and the clothes used in games were considered. The constructive design of sportswear was developed using the widely used automated CAD program "Grafis". As a result, a rational design of sportswear for playing "Kokpar" was developed, and a protective set was made – a knee pad and a headdress. The game of "Kokpar" mobilizes (engages) young people to participate in national equestrian games. This game contributes to the fact that the horsemen become more active and fit. At the same time, it leads to the dexterity of riding. Designed headgear and knee pads to protect riders from injury during equestrian sports games.

A sparse-dense hierarchical structured conductive elastomer composites for highly sensitive and stretchable strain sensor

Flexible strain sensor using conductive elastomer (CE) have fostered hope for the development of healthcare, human–machine interfaces, and soft robotics technologies. However, it is still challenging to obtain CE based strain sensor with excellent stretchability, wide strain range, high sensitivity coupled with outstanding stability via facile preparation process. Herein, combining the advantages of sparse and dense conductive network, a sparse-dense hierarchical structured conductive elastomer composites (CECs) based on natural rubber (NR) and modified MWCNTs (m-MWCNTs) is developed through facile one-pot synthesis. By means of the low cloud point of nonionic surfactant Triton x-100, the thick-sparse and thin-dense conductive layers as well as the excellent interface between hierarchical structure are formed by controlling the content of Triton x-100 and dispersed temperature. The severe slippage of sparse conductive network at small deformation and the avulsion of dense conductive network at large strain could synergistically enhance mechanical property and sensing performance of NR/m-MWCNTs CECs. Consequently, the designed stain sensor can achieve high sensitivity and linearity at a strain range of 0–200 % and 200–423 %, which are superior to most other state-of-the-art CECs strain sensors. Meanwhile, a wide range of detection (1 %-423 %), a fast response time (0.23 s), excellent repeatability, and stability are also obtained. Besides, our developed strain sensor was successfully applied in elbow pad and knee pad for monitoring human motion. In addition, NR/m-MWCNTs CECs exhibit the superior electric heating performance. The above satisfactory results reveal that our developed sparse-dense hierarchical CECs has the potential for applications in smart wearable electronics.

The Effect of Contrast Bath Therapy and Knee Pad Device on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Patients With Osteoarthritis Knee: A Randomized Control Trial.

Background and objective A degenerative joint condition mostly affecting the weight-bearing joints is osteoarthritis (OA). The majority of the time, it involves the knee joint. Pain and stiffness are common in grade 1 and 2 OA. And that's the main reason people ask for help. Physiotherapy treatment can be helpful for symptomatic management of early OA. Along with exercises, contrast bath therapy (CBT) is a therapeutic alternative to medication to alleviate pain and stiffness in OA. Many studies have been done using the traditional water immersion CBT. However, there is a paucity of studies on contrast therapy given using a device. This study intends to find the effect of a knee pad device(KPD) on pain, range of motion, and functional disability in knee OA patients when compared with CBT. Methods About 60 patients having unilateral knee OA were selected and randomly divided into two groups: group A received CBT for 20 minutes, and group B was treated with a KPD for 20 minutes and the Otago exercise programwas given in both groups for 30 minutes. Both groups received treatment for three sessions per week for two weeks.Outcome measures used for assessment at baseline and post-treatment were visual analog scale (VAS), knee range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scale, and distance covered in a two-minute walk test. Results Both the groups showed significant improvement post-treatment (p < 0.05). Group B showed more significant improvement when compared with group A. The enhancement in VAS (2.39, p < 0.020), range of motion (2.11, p < 0.039), WOMAC (2.09, p < 0.04), and two-minute walk test (2.03, p < 0.046) showed improvement in functional ability. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that both groups showed improvementfollowing treatment, but that the use of a KPD in combination with strengthening and balance retraining is more efficient in reducing pain and enhancing quality of life in patients with grade 1 or 2 knee OA than conventional CBT.

Growing recyclable and healable piezoelectric composites in 3D printed bioinspired structure for protective wearable sensor

Bionic multifunctional structural materials that are lightweight, strong, and perceptible have shown great promise in sports, medicine, and aerospace applications. However, smart monitoring devices with integrated mechanical protection and piezoelectric induction are limited. Herein, we report a strategy to grow the recyclable and healable piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystals in 3D-printed cuttlebone-inspired structures to form a new composite for reinforcement smart monitoring devices. In addition to its remarkable mechanical and piezoelectric performance, the growth mechanisms, the recyclability, the sensitivity, and repairability of the 3D-printed Rochelle salt cuttlebone composite were studied. Furthermore, the versatility of composite has been explored and applied as smart sensor armor for football players and fall alarm knee pads, focusing on incorporated mechanical reinforcement and electrical self-sensing capabilities with data collection of the magnitude and distribution of impact forces, which offers new ideas for the design of next-generation smart monitoring electronics in sports, military, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type 4 (Morquio syndrome): A case report

Abstract Introduction Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA (Morquio syndrome) is a rare lysosomal storage disease, that is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) due to an autosomal recessive mutation in the GALNS gene. Herein, we present a MPS IVA case without regular follow-up, whose enzyme replacement was planned to start at age 30 for the first time, so as to attract attention to this rare disease. Clinical Case A 30-year-old female patient diagnosed with MPS IVA, that was evaluated due to corneal clouding referred to the Marmara University endocrinology outpatient clinic for enzyme replacement. On admission, she complains of impaired vision, hearing loss, hypoglycemic symptoms and numbness of hands and feet. While she was normal for about 2 years after birth, she was noticed for delays in crawling and walking from 2–3 year of age. However, she had definitive diagnosis of MPS-IVA at the age of 9 years, with low enzymatic analysis and genetic mutation in the GALNS gene located on chromosome 16q24.3. She operated on for bilateral glaucoma and cerebellar mass when she was 17. Her parents were third degree consanguineous, and she had one healthy younger brother. On physical examination, blood pressure: 99/67 mmHg, pulse: 72/min, temperature: 36°C, SpO2:99. She was in a wheelchair. Her height was 92 cm, weight was 30 kg, BMI: 25.6 kg/m2. Disproportionate short stature, coarse facial features, hypertelorism, genu valgum, pectus carinatum, kyphoscoliosis, were detected. Her neuromotor development was normal. Laboratory findings were unremarkable except for vitamin D hypovitaminosis. Radiographic findings were dysostosis multiplex, include abnormally shaped vertebral bodies with anterior beaking, posterior scalloping, platyspondyly and dens hypoplasia, thoracolumbar kyphosis, short, broad metacarpals, acetabular dysplasia, genu valgum, pectus carinatum, paddle-shaped ribs and short, and thick clavicles (Fig 1). Bone densitometry results were in osteoporotic range BMD at the femoral neck was 0.491 g/cm2, Z score was -2.8 and at the lumbar spine was 0.707 g/cm2, Z score was -3.6. She continued the 6-min walk test with the help of a walker and knee pad for 2.37 minutes and walked 3.4 meters. Echocardiography demonstrated that ejection fraction was 65%, normal left ventricular systolic function, no ventricular segmental wall motion defect, aortic 3 cusps, mild to moderate aortic valvular regurgitation, mild mitral valvular regurgitation. Pectus carinatum was detected on thorax CT imaging, whereas a restrictive disease pattern was not observed in PFT and DLCO. Bilateral severe mixed hearing loss was detected. Recombinant human GALNS (elosulfase alfa), 2.0 mg/kg/week, was planned to administer IV in 4 hr. Conclusion Because of the progressive nature of MPS- IVA, early diagnosis and early initiation of enzyme replacement therapy are critical to prevent cumulative systemic manifestations of the patient, especially the skeletal system.

The Construction and Functional Technology of Scythian Greaves: A Recent Find from the Elite Kurgan 6 near the Village Vodoslavka, Southern Ukraine

In the North Pontic region, bronze greaves appeared among the Scythians and noble members of the tribal world of the eastern European steppe in the middle of the fifth century BC and were used until the end of the fourth. Both the “classic” full-length Greek greaves and greaves without knee pads were in use. Surviving greaves and fragments thereof from different Scythian burials allow for analysis of the peculiarities of their construction. A distinct feature of the greaves from the burial in Barrow 6 near the village Vodoslavka, Ukraine, is a series of large openings made on the inner side of both greaves, in the area where the muscles of the calves protrude most prominently. These holes are covered (both from the inside and from the outside) with sewn-on pads made of thick leather. Similar holes can also be seen on the greaves from Kerch in eastern Crimea and were likely cut to make these greaves more suited for horse riding. The greaves from Soboleva Mogyla were additionally modified for horse riding in that the parts that covered the knees were shortened and the side parts had deep cuts (more than a half-height) on the inside of the calf muscles. Thanks to this cut, the rider’s leg (around the medial gastrocnemius in particular) fitted snugly to the horse’s side.

Numerical Study on Stress Field of Knee Meniscus in Jumping Gait

In this paper, the numerical study focuses on the stress field of the knee meniscus in the two gaits of the jumping motion, and the knee injury and its knee protection effect are studied based on the stress field distribution characteristics of the knee meniscus. The jumping gait simulation was carried out by using a more detailed healthy knee model including bone, articular cartilage, meniscus, ligaments and peripheral soft tissues constructed by combining CT and MRI tomography, and the peak stress and its distribution area were analyzed based on the stress field characteristics of the meniscus, and the knee meniscus and its injury and protection under different knee pads were discussed. The results showed that the anterior angle of the meniscus on the medial knee joint was an area prone to injury in the take-off and landing gait. Under the knee pads, the peak stress of the meniscus decreases, and its distribution area gradually shifts from the anterior angle to the middle, and the functional knee pads with the optimized force load significantly alleviate the stress concentration of the meniscus. Therefore, the numerical study of the stress field of the knee meniscus provides theoretical support and optimization guidance for the design of functional knee pads.

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Contrast Bath vs Knee Pad Device on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Research Protocol

Introduction: Osteoarthritis of knee is one of the most enfeebling conditions that causes pain and functional impairment that adversely affects life quality. Contrast bath therapy causes alternate vasodilatation and vasoconstriction when limb is dipped in warm and cold water, respectively. Knee pad device gives vibrations and heating therapy by infrared light and ice pack is used to give cryotherapy. Here otago exercise program is use to strengthen lower limbs and balance training along with walking protocol. Need of study: One of the most frequent joint ailments in the adult population is osteoarthritis because of which there is a notable limitation of mobility. In grade 1 and 2 osteoarthritis people experience pain and stiffness in knee joint. Many studies have been done using traditional immersion contrast bath technique for reducing pain. But it is difficult to find research on contrast therapy using a device. Aim: To compare the effect of contrast bath therapy and knee pad device on pain, range of motion and functional disability in grade 1 and 2 knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: This study will be a randomised clinical trial and will be conducted in the Outpatient Department, AVBRH and Ravi Nair physiotherapy college, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India. This study has been approved from Institutional Ethical Committee of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, (DU). Duration of this study will be for a period of one year fromJanuary 2022 to January 2023. Sixty participants with grade 1 or 2 osteoarthritis of knee will be included in the study and randomly divided in two groups with 30 in each. Group A will be given contrast bath therapy and group B will be given treatment with knee pad device and otago exercise program given in both groups. Treatment will be given for two weeks with three sessions per week. Pre and posttreatment pain, range of motion and functional disability will be noted and statistical analysis will be done. Conclusion: The study results are expected to prove knee pad device is more effective than contrast bath therapy. So that it can be easy method for pain relief than the latter in knee osteoarthritis.

Effectiveness of knee pad as an additional device for wheelchairs in improving upper-limb dexterity during seated tasks: a pilot study.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine how supporting the knee from the front with a knee pad affected upper-limb dexterity while sitting. [Participants and Methods] A total of 14 healthy adult males were included in the study. As a measure of upper-limb dexterity, the number of pins was counted when the Purdue pegboard test was performed for 60 seconds. In addition, the ease of task performance was assessed using the visual analogue scale. There were two experimental conditions, with and without knee pad. The paired t-test was used to detect differences between the two conditions. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. [Results] The Purdue pegboard test was 29.4 ± 2.5 and 27.9 ± 3.6 pins with and without knee pad, respectively. The VAS was 76.1 ± 10.3 and 62.9 ± 14.1 with and without knee pad, respectively. Both measured values were significantly higher with knee pad than without. [Conclusion] Supporting the knees from the front with knee pad improves upper-limb functionality while sitting, making it easier to perform seated tasks.

Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials for Volleyball Knee Pads

Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials for Volleyball Knee Pads

Testing of Medical Sheep Fur with Antimicrobial Properties – Part 2

There are a number of people with rheumatic, joint and muscle diseases, and the medical treatment of patients suffering from these diseases requires an improvement through alternative methods. Pain is the main symptom of rheumatic diseases and chronic pain affects the physical and mental condition, lowering quality of life and ability to work. Natural products derived from plants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemo-preventive properties have been used for many generations in traditional medicine. The essential oils extracted from different plants have certain analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, immunostimulating properties, etc. Products have been made based on essential oils with therapeutic properties (daphne, ginger, basil), which can be used to treat the surface of tanned sheep fur for medical purposes. Ecological requirements have led to the development of new fur processing technologies, such as wet-white tanning of fur to eliminate or reduce the amount of complex salts of trivalent chromium. The sheep furs were tanned (without metals) with syntans based on phenolsulfonic acids and aromatic oxysulfones and treated with products based on essential oils with therapeutic properties, to be used to make medical fur articles (lumbar and cervical belts, knee pads, elbow pads, bootees, etc.). They can improve rheumatic, muscular and circulatory conditions, complementing the medical treatment of patients suffering from these conditions. Heat can relieve rheumatic pains (transmitted through the application of natural fur). The work presents the chemical, physical-mechanical and microbiological characterization of natural furs for medical use.

Testing of Medical Sheep Fur with Antimicrobial Properties – Part 1

The medical treatment of patients with rheumatic, joint and muscle diseases can be improved by alternative methods. The essential oils extracted from different plants have certain analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, immunostimulating properties, etc. Products have been made based on essential oils with therapeutic properties (mint, cajeput, eucalyptus), which can be used to treat the surface of finished sheep fur for medical purposes. The sheep furs were tanned (without metals) with syntans based on phenolsulfonic acids and aromatic oxysulfones and treated with products based on essential oils with therapeutic properties, to be used to make medical fur articles (lumbar and cervical belts, knee pads, elbow pads, etc.). They can improve rheumatic, muscular and circulatory conditions, complementing the medical treatment of patients suffering from these conditions. The work presents the chemical, physical-mechanical and microbiological characterization of natural furs for medical use.

Visualising knee loading patterns during kneeling and the development of a laboratory-based adaptation of the Aberdeen Weight-Bearing Test (Knee)

BackgroundInformation regarding the loading of key anatomical structures of the knee during kneeling would enhance existing functional tests, yet current visualisation methods are limited and require further development. Aims(1) Develop a knee loading visualisation technique to investigate loading patterns of the knee during kneeling; and (2) determine the utility of the technique in combination with vertical ground reaction forces and centre of pressure data in the lab-based Aberdeen Weight-Bearing Test (Knee) by assessing their reliability. MethodsFourteen healthy participants conducted kneeling tasks with and without knee pads across two testing sessions. Eight force-sensitive resistors were affixed to the right knee throughout different kneeling tasks: upright kneeling, and reaching forward, back, left, and right. A photo of the force-sensitive resistor configuration was used to generate participant-specific heat maps of knee loading. Two in-ground force platforms were used to measure vertical ground reaction forces and centre of pressure. ResultsThe inferior patella tendon showed the highest proportion of activation during both bare and knee pad kneeling for all kneeling tasks. Knee pads reduced the repeatability of knee loading patterns. Force-sensitive resistor activation and vertical ground reaction force components of the lab-based Aberdeen Weight-Bearing Test (Knee) were shown to be reliable, whereas the centre of pressure data was unreliable. ConclusionWe have developed a lab-based technique for visualising knee loading using force-sensitive resistors. The combination of force-sensitive resistor activation and vertical ground reaction force data provides valuable insights into both the magnitude and locations of applied loads throughout kneeling.

Much Ado About Nothing

Reviewed by: Much Ado About Nothing Michael W. Shurgot Much Ado About Nothing Presented by Seattle Shakespeare Company at the Center Theatre, Seattle, WA. 26 April–22 May 2022. Directed by Allison Narver. Costumes by Natalie Shih. Set by Matthew Smucker. Lighting by Andrew D. Smith. Sound by Justin Johnson. Music by Jose Gonzales. With Jonelle Jordan (Beatrice), M. L. Roberts (Benedick), R. Hamilton Wright (Leonato), Brandon J. Simmons (Don Pedro), Meme García (Claudio), Joellen Sweeney (Hero), Sarah Harlett (Dogberry/Messenger), Nathaniel B. Tenenbaum (Verges/Antonio/Balthasar), Lindsay Welliver (Don John), Tim Gouran (Borachio/Friar Frances), Sharon Barto Gouran (Margaret/Watch), and Vahishta Vafadri (Ursula/Conrade). Seattle Shakespeare Company returned to live theater with a spirited production of Much Ado About Nothing. The set was Leonato’s summer villa, with brightly lit lanterns hanging from trees; an array of outdoor furniture, including small wooden tables, chairs, and chests; croquet hoops; and upstage right a steel liquor cart which characters visited frequently. Latin jazz serenaded spectators as they entered the theater. Three “panels,” each consisting of two high arches, one straight across the back of the stage and two others set at forty-five-degree angles stage left, created the illusion of several rooms within the small Center Theatre. All of the above stood on a raised platform covering roughly sixty percent of the stage where the majority of the action occurred, while actors used the downstage floor for soliloquies and as the area where Beatrice and Benedick fought—and passionately resolved—their verbal wars. Allison Narver coached some especially notable performances from a diverse cast. Sarah Harlett as Dogberry was dressed in shorts and a man’s shirt, and sported elbow and knee pads in case she had to go on a bike patrol. As part of their crime-fighting arsenal she and Verges wielded walkie-talkies and large red flags that crossing guards use. Maybe there was a grammar school nearby. R. Hamilton Wright was marvelous as a jubilant father for most of the play, bouncing around the stage in a [End Page 471] white three-piece suit and a straw hat, but at the initial church scene raged Lear-like at Hero’s supposed treachery. Wright’s sudden, terrifying explosion (he was so joyous just moments before!) reified the sinister patriarchal system at the heart of this comedy, in which (most) daughters are wooed by pretenders in masks and told whom to marry. Hero will obey her father, but Beatrice has no desire to be married to a “piece of valiant dust.” Narver also chose some intriguing doubling. Tim Gouran was equally sinister as Borachio and caring as Friar Francis; and Nathaniel Tenenbaum was equally silly as Verges and furious as Antonio confronting Claudio after Hero’s reported death. He also, as an unnamed court entertainer, sang “Hey Nonny Nonny” in a beautiful contralto voice. Meme García and Joellen Sweeney were capable as Claudio and Hero. They resemble each other physically (both short), and in their few scenes portrayed well the initial shyness and uncertainty of young love. Upon first seeing each other they immediately launched into a series of arm motions resembling cheerleaders at a football game or sailors landing jet fighters on an aircraft carrier. These gestures were apparently intended to signal immediate attraction, and perhaps were meant to symbolize some lingering fondness from their earlier acquaintance implied by the play-text. But coming so early in the play, well before Claudio tells Benedick and Don Pedro that formerly he but “looked upon [Hero] with a soldier’s eye” (1.1.278), this arm waving was silly. At the end of his mourning at Hero’s tomb in act five, scene three, Claudio repeated these gestures to a “post-mortem” Hero backlit stage right and enshrined in her white gossamer wedding gown. A strange way perhaps of signaling “I am sorry” or “I still love you,” as if the words of the epitaph were not sufficient to express his grief. Unbeknown to Claudio, Hero is of course alive in the scene, and so is watching Claudio repeat their love gestures. But in the fiction of the scene—Hero is dead—the gestures were again...

Comparison and analysis of skiing injuries at ski resorts in Chongli, China and Japan

PurposeThe rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district, Zhangjiakou city, one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Careful evaluation is required to observe which injuries are caused under what circumstances, and then we can make corresponding preventive measures and recommendations based on the results. MethodsIn this retrospective study, the data of injury cases at ski resorts in China (Chongli district) and Japan were analyzed to provide a reference for the ongoing injury prevention at ski resorts. We collected data on injuries at Wanlong and Fulong ski resorts in Chongli district during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 ski seasons. We referred to the skiing injury report issued in February 2020 of a nationwide ski safety statistical service – Japan Ski Safety Association. The causes of injury and specific injured body parts were analyzed based on the data of Chinese and Japanese ski resorts. Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test. ResultsDuring the 2019–2020 ski season in Japanese ski resorts, the number of reported injuries per 10,000 skiers was 0.93, of which 457 (17.3%) were over 50 years old, accounting for a large proportion of injuries, meanwhile in Chongli ski resort, the injury rate of skiers aged 50 and over was 7.1%. The knee joint (23.7% at Wanlong ski resort and 28.4% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most injured body part among Chongli and Japanese skiers. Among snowboarders, shoulder joint injury (17.7% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most common, and injury on hands and fingers (16.3% in Wanlong ski resorts) was the most common. Head injury rates are similar in Chongli, China and Japanese ski resorts (8.2% and 8.7%, respectively). ConclusionOur analysis demonstrated that injury data recorded among young skiers was higher in Chinese ski resorts (Chongli district) than that in Japanese ski resorts, and elderly skiers made up a larger proportion of skiing injuries in Japanese resorts. Thus, according to our research, the protection of knee joints, shoulder joints, and hands and fingers should be taken seriously. It should pay attention to the teaching of ski poles (for finger protection), and use protective devices such as knee pads, helmets, etc.

A Review on Osteoarthritis Knee Management via Contrast Bath Therapy and Physical Therapy.

One of the body's main weight-bearing joints is the knee joint. For this reason, osteoarthritis typically involves it. Osteoarthritis of the knee joint is the condition in which sub-chondral sclerosis of bone occurs, narrowing of joint space is present, and osteophyte formation is seen at the edges of the bone; because of this, there is pain, reduced knee range of motion, and this leads to functional activity limitations. This prevalence is increasing because of a reduced active lifestyle; this is becoming usual in younger populations. Non-pharmacological management of this condition using contrast bath therapy given by different methods like using hot and cold water, towel compression, and smart knee pad device, causes alternate vasodilatation and vasoconstriction helps to reduce pain symptoms. Physical therapy exercises like stretching, strengthening hip and knee muscles, and balance training showed beneficial effects on a range of motion and activities. Articles using keywords were searched on Google Scholar and PubMed, 70 articles were seen of which eight were reviewed that meet the inclusion criteria. Contrast therapy helps to remove metabolic waste by improving blood flow thus reducing pain. Strengthening the hip and knee muscles helps to stabilize the knee joint, and balance exercises help to improve proprioception. From this review, it is concluded that contrast bath therapy is effective in reducing pain when given with different methods of application as compared to individual hot or cold treatment, and given with the help of a device will be more effective than the traditional method. Along with this strengthening of the knee and hip musculature, stretching and balance exercise helps to improve range and functional activity. Exercise and electrotherapy aid in symptom relief and slow the progression rate of this condition.

Application of embedded accident prevention system for infant crawling stage in intelligent textiles

&lt;p&gt;Infant crawling is a method to discover and learn its motor, cognitive, social and emotional functions. Therefore, infants face different risks, such as falls, burns and personal injuries. The most common is that the family is the place where the main event occurs. Therefore, the focus of this research is to develop the embedded system inside the intelligent textile to realize the early warning and prevention of accidents. The system is located in a clothing harness with a crawling knee pad connection including a magnetic sensor. These devices are responsible for detecting security tapes previously placed in the most dangerous location in the home. Therefore, the system gives an alarm with a response time of 7.6 seconds after activation.&lt;/p&gt;

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Bilateral Tibial Hemimelia: A Case Report

Tibial hemimelia is a rare condition in which the child is born with a tibia having a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from hypoplastic tibia to complete deficiency of tibia. Bilateral tibial hemimelia is very rare and the deformities associated with it limit the mobility of individual. Prosthetic management can help achieve various goals of the individual but lack of awareness keeps the individualrsquos mobility limited. The purpose of the case study was to design a suitable prosthetic device which can help the subject to improve mobility and quality of life. After successful evaluation and fitment of extension prosthesis and knee pads assistive device the subject was trained in different phases to walk. The gait parameters were compared prior to and after the fitment of devices at three weeks and one year of final fitment. The quality of life was assessed at baseline and after one year of rehabilitation. Significant changes with knee pads assistive device and extension prosthesis were reported in the subjectrsquos gait parameters and quality of life.