Kinds Of Trace Elements Research Articles

Insights into interactions of cellulose acetate and metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ag+) in aqueous media using DFT study

In this work, we investigate the interaction(adsorption) between cellulose acetate (CA) and three kinds of trace elements (Zn2+, Ag+, and Cu2+) via the DFT. Several parameters have been found after the structure optimization, such as molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), reactivity indexes in addition to the parameters of QTAIM analysis, and the noncovalent interaction (NCI) method with the Multiwfn program. The results of FMOs and MEPs show that the CA has a cite of interaction in the oxygen atom, and the interactions of all complexes occur spontaneously (free energies ΔG<0). Moreover, QTAIM analysis and NCI revealed that the interactions are non-covalent for CA-Ag+and CA-Cu2+ and partially covalent for CA-Zn2+with the apparition of an Hbond for CA-Zn2+and CA-Ag+ and a steric effect for CA-Cu2+. The DFT study has also shown that tetra-coordinated geometry was occurred spontaneously and assigned for Zn2+, Ag+, and Cu2+complexes and di-coordination for Ag+complexes which indicate that the CA polymer can be exploited as a carrier of these ions for pharmaceutical applications.

Exogenous phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria changed the rhizosphere microbial community indirectly.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have been widely used as biological fertilizer. However, its impact on the local microbial community has less been known. In this study, a mixture of PSB was inoculated into the tomato growth alone or combined with manure fertilizer. The growth parameter results showed that the combination use of PSB and compost could significantly increase the tomato growth and yield. The use of PSB could significantly increase pH, available phosphorus and several kinds of trace elements both in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. The quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing results showed that the inoculated PSB did not become the dominant strains in the rhizosphere. However, the soil bacterial community structure was changed. The relative abundance of several indigenous bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, decreased, while the population of several bacteria, including Bacillus, Anaerolineaceae, Cytophagaceae, and Gemmationadaceae, increased. The redundancy analysis result showed that the soil properties had a great influence on the indigenous microbial community. In conclusion, the inoculated PSB could not colonize in the soil with a single inoculation. The PSB secreted small molecular organic acids to dissolve inorganic phosphorus and changed the soil properties, which changed the rhizosphere microbial community indirectly.

Phytochemical Analysis of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora sp.)

Mangrove plants have been reported as resources of many traditional folk of medicine and contain several kinds of trace elements which are being used to treat diseases. The aim of this study was to analyzed the phytochemical compounds of mangrove leaves. Our previous studies showed that the extract of mangrove leaves tend to be polar. The acetone and methanol extract of the mangrove leaves had high anti termite and antifungal activity. Based on this information, phytochemical content of mangrove leaves have been analyzed to find out the chemical substances that responsible for the bioactivity properties. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the total phenolic content using a calibration curve of gallic acid, while for phytochemical were analyzed using spectrofotometric method. The results showed that the acetone extract of mangrove leaves containing alkaloid, polyphenolic, flavonoid, and total tannin higher than the methanol extract. This data will be further analyzed to obtain the compounds that may responsible for the biological performance of mangrove leaves.

Source Identification and Apportionment of Trace Elements in Soils in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Trace elements pollution has attracted a lot of attention worldwide. However, it is difficult to identify and apportion the sources of multiple element pollutants over large areas because of the considerable spatial complexity and variability in the distribution of trace elements in soil. In this study, we collected total of 2051 topsoil (0–20 cm) samples, and analyzed the general pollution status of soils from the Yangtze River Delta, Southeast China. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), a finite mixture distribution model (FMDM), and geostatistical tools to identify and quantitatively apportion the sources of seven kinds of trace elements (chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As)) in soil. The PCA results indicated that the trace elements in soil in the study area were mainly from natural, multi-pollutant and industrial sources. The FMDM also fitted three sub log-normal distributions. The results from the two models were quite similar: Cr, As, and Ni were mainly from natural sources caused by parent material weathering; Cd, Cu, and Zu were mainly from mixed sources, with a considerable portion from anthropogenic activities such as traffic pollutants, domestic garbage, and agricultural inputs, and Hg was mainly from industrial wastes and pollutants.

Association of Periodontitis with the Concentration Levels of Germanium and Tin in Hair.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the concentration levels of certain kinds of trace elements in hair are associated with periodontitis. We studied a total of 109 participants, which are composed of 25 participants with periodontitis and 84 participants without periodontitis. Periodontal conditions were assessed by measuring the periodontal clinical attachment loss and pocket depth, which were determined at six sites of all teeth. Periodontitis was defined according to the criteria of periodontitis proposed by CDC-AAP. The hair samples were washed with acetone, water, and extran (1%v/v), and then aliquots of hair samples were wet-ashed. This sample solution was analyzed by Perkin-Elmer Mass Spectrometer. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the concentration levels of trace elements for periodontitis were calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. After adjusting all confounders, it was found that the higher concentration level of germanium in hair was significantly and positively associated with periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] 7.12; 95% confidential interval [CI] 2.03-25.00). The higher concentration level of tin in hair was significantly and negatively associated with periodontitis (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.08-0.94). It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between periodontitis and the concentration level of germanium and tin in hair.

Quantitative phase analysis using observed integrated intensities and chemical composition data of individual crystalline phases: quantification of materials with indefinite chemical compositions

In a previous report, a new method for quantitative phase analysis (QPA) of multi-component mixtures using a conventional X-ray powder diffractometer was proposed. The formula for deriving weight fractions of individual crystalline phases presented therein includes sets of observed integrated intensities measured in a wide 2\theta range, chemical formula weights and sums of squared numbers of electrons belonging to atoms in respective chemical formula units [Toraya (2016).J. Appl. Cryst.49, 1508–1516]. The latter two parameters required to perform QPA could be calculated from only the information of chemical formulae of individual phases. In the present study, these two parameters are replaced with a single parameter in the form new parameter = (chemical formula weight)/(sum of squared numbers of electrons). As will be expected from this definition, the parameter has nearly equal values for groups of materials consisting of similar kinds of atoms, and its value becomes identical for polytypes or polymorphs having the same chemical composition. That characteristic of this parameter makes it possible to estimate the parameter value not only directly from the chemical composition of the target material itself but also from database-stored chemical analysis data sorted on the basis of mineral or chemical composition. The parameter value is also hardly changed as a result of small compositional variations of the target component material. Therefore, the present method can be applied to QPA of materials not only of definite chemical compositions but also of indefinite chemical compositions without degrading the accuracy of the analysis. This is expected to widen the application to QPA of, for example, natural products containing many kinds of trace elements, industrial materials with complex substitutional replacement of atoms, nonstoichiometric compoundsetc. The theory and some examples of applications are presented. A procedure for quantifying unknown material is also proposed.

Measuring the content of 17 elements in the flesh of Prunus cerasifera and its cultivars by ICP-MS.

The present study compared the contents of inorganic elements in the pulp of purple, red, and yellow Prunus cerasifera with its cultivars. A method was established for the analysis of 17 kinds of trace elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Be, Li, Se, Sr, Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in the flesh of Prunus cerasifera by microwave digestion-ICP-MS. The detection method is simple and quick, yet shoes high precision and high sensitivity. The recovery rate of 17 elements ranged, from 93.5% to 110.4%. The analysis results showed that the contents of 17 elements in the flesh of purple, red, and yellow Prunus cerasifera and its cultivars are similar, containing extremely rich K elements (as high as 1 per thousand) and higher contents of Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and Mn. The contents of Cu, Zn, Li, Se, Sr and Cr are also present. The contents of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and other harmful element are either very low or not detectable. The experimental results for the study of trace elements in pulp of Prunus cerasifera and its cultivars provide empirical data for. future research in this area.

The Component of Zijin Stone and its Anion Releasing Phenomenon

It is mainly addressed the rare necessary components in the Zijin Stone, and its anion releasing phenomenon, using X-rayfluorescence spectrometer to analysis the composition of elements, and using the DLY-6A232, one large gas ion test to identify the mount of the anion released.Many kinds of trace elements containing in the stone necessary for human, such as KCaAlFeTiVCrSrCuMgMnZn, and the mount of anion released as much as 1409 ion/cm-3 both are important and vital factors to benefits our health.

Brillouin Light Scattering from Thin Albumen of Chicken Egg

Chicken eggs are rich in high-quality proteins and several kinds of trace elements, and have been a very familiar nutriment for human beings since ancient times. Chicken egg white comprises two layers, namely, thin albumen and thick albumen, both surrounding the yolk within a shell. There are two types of thin albumen known as the outer and inner thin albumens. The physical properties of both types of albumen are essentially the same. Thin albumen from chicken egg, hereafter referred to as egg white (EW), gels at a gelation temperature TG of ca. 66 C. The gelation process and the rheological properties of EW have attracted the attention of biological and biochemical scientists, food scientists, and physicists. The gelation process of EW has been studied by the ultrasound pulse technique at 3MHz in the temperature range between 10 and 95 C. The velocity of a longitudinal sound wave (LSW) exhibits a broader peak with a maximum at approximately 66 C as temperature increases through the sol–gel transition. Brillouin light scattering (BLS) measurement is another powerful and convenient technique for studying thermally excited hypersonic sound waves in the GHz frequency region. By utilizing a (3+3)-pass Fabry– Perot interferometer (FPI), we expect to observe a BLS spectrum from EW even near TG. We purchased fresh Boris Brown eggs with a red shell laid within a day at a farmers market near our university just before each measurement. About 5ml of thin albumen or distilled water was transferred into a glass tube placed in a brass cell. The cell temperature was regulated up to 82 C within an accuracy of 0:1 C and monitored by an almel– chromel thermocouple. We repeated our BLS measurement six times only during a heating run. BLS spectra were probed using the 1⁄4 488 nm excitation from an Arþ laser in a single-cavity mode with an output power of 40mW. BLS spectra were obtained using a laboratory-built (3+3)-pass FPI. Since EW gradually becomes opalescent with increasing temperature above 50 C, we employed the 180 scattering geometry, which allows us to continue our BLS measurements up to 61 C. In order to determine the LSW velocity V and the refractive index n at 488 nm, we also adopted the 90A scattering geometry at 24 C. Figure 1 shows an example of the 180 and 90A BLS spectra of EW at 24 C. We performed a numerical convolution analysis of these BLS spectra by adopting the damped harmonic oscillator (DHO) function for the elastic response function Sðq; !Þ;

The Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Based on Trace Element Contents in Hair and a Classifier of Boosting Decision Stumps

The early discovery of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is crucial for performing successful treatments. This study aims at exploring the feasibility of Adaboost (ensemble from machining learning) using decision stumps as weak classifier, combined with trace element analysis of hair, for accurately predicting early CVD. A total of 124 hair samples composed of two groups of samples (one is healthy group from 100 healthy persons aged 24-72 while the other is patient group from 24 cardiovascular disease patients aged 36-81) were used. Nine kinds of trace elements, i.e., chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni), were selected. In a preliminary analysis, no obvious linear correlations between elements can be observed and the concentration of Cr, Fe, Al, Cd, Ni, or Se for healthy group is higher than that for patient group while the opposite is true for Mn, Cu, or Zn, indicating that both low Se/Fe and high Mn/Cu can be identified as major risk factors. Based on the proposed approach, the final ensemble classifier, constructed on the training set and contained only four decision stumps, achieved an overall identification accuracy of 95.2%, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% on the independent test set. The results suggested that integrating Adaboost and trace element analysis of hair sample can serve as a useful tool of diagnosing CVD in clinical practice.

Trace element geochemical characteristics of plants and their influence on the remote-sensing spectral properties in the North Jiangsu oil field

This paper presents the contents of 17 kinds of trace elements in plant leaf samples collected from 4 sections in the North Jiangsu oil field, and the dada on their visible-near infrared spectra. By comparing the results of the inner and outer oil-gas remote-sensing anomaly areas, the plant trace element composition, and the enrichment characteristics and their influence on the plant spectral properties are described. The results indicated that the plant leaves had very strong enrichment ability toward some elements such as Mg, Ca, K, Na, Fe, AI, Mn, V, Zn and Cr. The plant leaves from the oil-gas abnormal areas were enriched in trace elements of the Fe-series, but depleted in alkali and alkali-earth metal elements. The plant trace elements had a strong influence on the “blue-shift” strength and the reflectance of visible bands. And the ratios between Fe, Co and K, Na, Cd, Cu, Ba are the effective remote-sensing oil-indicating factors of plant trace elements.

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN FLOUR

Trace elements in five kinds of flour which were made in Japan. America and Canada, have been measured by means of in-air PIXE. Twelve kinds of trace elements were detected, such as Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Br. The concentration of these elements varied depending on the place where they were made. In order to check the target preparation procedure, two types of sample preparation have been used, such as wet ashing by nitric acid in a microwave oven and making a paste by an internal standard solution. Comparisons of the results of both samples ensures that bromine was not lost during micro-wave oven heating. Analytic fitting of PIXE spectra by a personal computer and a commercial apllication software was successfully used.

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN SOY SAUCE II

Trace elements in four kinds of soybean and three kinds of salt have been measured by means of in-air PIXE. In soybeans, which were made in Japan, America, Canada and China, six kinds of trace elements were detected, such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Br. The concentration of these elements varied depending on the place they were made. American soybean showed characteristic feature compared with other soybeans. As to the bromine concentration, American soybean contains ten times as much as Japanese one. In salts Br and Sr were detected.

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN SOY SAUCE

Trace elements in soy sauce have been measured by means of in-air PIXE. Six kinds of trace elements were detected, such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu and Br. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn and Br which were observed in all samples, have been determined. Bach analyzed sample contained considerable amount of Br about 160 ppm. Comparison of Br content of the imported raw materials with those of the domestic ones suggested that the large amount of Br was the residual fumigation chemicals in the imported raw materials.