Kind Of Preparation Research Articles

Model Analisis Sistem Pengolahan Limbah lndustri Tekstil Menggunakan Bioflokulan Moringa Oleifera Lam.

Waste water from textile factories classified into dangerous water as regulated by the Ministry of Environment. This waste water usually flows away into the river environment around of factories. Water treatment unit of textile factory believed as an external unit process which need big budget consequences because it might use imported chemical substances. This situation usually use as a common reasons to pollute the environment. This research is a model solution to reduce a fix budget (cost production) in textile production by using a number of Moringa oleifera as a biofloculant to replace an expensive chemical substances as PAC. This model showed the number of biofloculant at every target number of production and the impact into amount of sludge and water. Linear model commonly found in every stage of simulation. This research showed what kind of preparation needed by environmental factory manager.

GLAUBER ROCHA NO CAMINHO DA TELEVISÃO

Esse artigo tem como proposta analisar a trajetória intelectual de Glauber Rocha, partindo de suas experiências políticas e culturais ao longo dos anos 1970 até se tornar apresentador de televisão. Em sua produção cinematográfica feita no exterior é possível perceber uma aproximação com a linguagem televisiva, numa espécie de preparação inconsciente para atividade que viria desenvolver. Além dos filmes, foram motivo de análise a produção intelectual expressa em livros, jornais e revistas. Em 1979, o cineasta baiano teve uma experiência de apresentador no programa Abertura veiculado pela Rede Tupi de televisão. Apesar de ficar apenas 9 meses no ar, sua participação foi intensa, configurando um dos momentos mais significativos da televisão brasileira da década de 70.

Successors’ Characteristics, Preparation, Innovation, and Firm Performance: Taiwan and Japan

Recent research has revisited business succession. Although important issues have been discussed from time to time, no consensus on any particular pattern of succession has emerged. Lacking a body of empirical findings to draw upon, discussions of business succession are often based on limited qualitative case studies and findings vary widely among researchers. In this research, we focus on both theoretical explanations and data promotion, and draw the following conclusions.First, there are some differences in the corporate culture and business philosophy between Taiwanese and Japanese enterprises, and the training of successors is also different. Second, the number of female successors has been increasing in both Taiwan and Japan, while in Taiwan female successors have become even more open and innovative than their male counterparts. Third, successors in Taiwan and Japan make various kinds of preparations. The successors are expected to start from the front-line to win the loyalty of employees and managers, to keep in touch with front-line employees, to learn the enterprise’s operating mode, and to think about a future development strategy. Fourth, the grown-up environment of the successor also plays an important role and has a great influence on the successor. Last, but not least, many well-known disputes have occurred in the enterprise succession process both in Taiwan and Japan, and the support provided by the previous generation and the “veterans” will make the succession process go smoothly.

MODELING OF EGOVERNMENT BUSINESS PROCESSES According TO BPML SPECIFICATION AND ISO 82045 - THE USE CASE OF REQUEST FOR DIGITAL CERTIFICATE

Public administration institutions focus on constant implementation of new technologies trough separated ICT projects. In most cases, these projects consider simple implementation of ICT technology on current business process without consideration if these processes needs modification in order to accept new technology. Because of this, result might not satisfy end-user needs. This paper proposes approach where processes are first modelled according to BPMN specification and metadata is defined according ISO 82045 standard. Only after this kind of preparation, we can ensure that implementation of ICT technologies will satisfy end user needs. This paper also provides use cases of modelled processes in order to assist anyone who decides to lead ICT projects in this manner.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Urban Teacher Residencies

Despite the rapid expansion of and investment in urban residency programs, a key tenet of the residency model—that they prepare teachers for targeted urban settings—remains largely unexamined. Although some might argue that a “good teacher” can transcend contexts—we ask in this issue whether there may be particular features of the setting or context that are important for new teachers to learn about. In the papers in our special issue, the authors examine more closely what kind of preparation may be necessary for specific contexts. This themed issue features scholarship that examines efforts to prepare teachers for clinical practice in particular contexts. The articles share evidence from three residency programs (each engaged in systematic data collection) on opposite sides of the US to point to features of the context that may matter for teaching; the design of opportunities to learn in these programs; and data that sheds light upon these questions. Given recent findings about the strong retention of graduates of ‘context-specific programs’ these examinations not only provide insight into the promise of urban residency programs but also serve as a call for programs to be epecially clear about the specific features of the setting that may matter for teaching.

Perspectives and Trends of Tracking among Students' Abilities on Academic

IntroductionTracking means separating pupils by academic ability into groups for all subjects or certain classes and curriculum within a school (Zittleman & Miller, 2006), and it may be referred to as streaming or phasing in certain schools. In a tracking system, the entire school population is assigned to classes according to whether the students' overall achievement is above average, normal, or below average. Students attend academic classes only with students whose overall academic achievement is the same as their own. Among older students; tracking systems usually diverge in what students are taught. Students in academically advanced tracks study higher mathematics, more foreign languages, and literature. Students in less academic tracks acquire vocational skills such as welding or cosmetology, or business skills, such as typing or bookkeeping. However, students are usually not offered the opportunity to take classes deemed more appropriate for another track, even if the student has demonstrated interest and ability in the subject.Ability grouping is not synonymous with tracking (Rubin, 2008). Tracking differs from ability grouping by scale and permanence. Ability groups are small, informal groups formed within a single classroom. Assignment to an ability group is often short-term (never lasting longer than one school year, and varies by subject (Zittleman & Miller, 2006). Assignment to an ability group is made by (and could be changed at any time by) the individual teacher, and is usually not recorded in student records. For example, a teacher may divide a typical mixed-ability classroom into three groups for a mathematics lesson: those who need to review basic facts before proceeding, those who are ready to learn new material, and those who need a challenging assignment. For the next lesson, the teacher may revert to whole-class, mixed-ability instruction, or may assign students to different groups.Tracking was once popular in Englishspeaking countries, but it is less used nowadays. Strong tracking systems formed the basis of the Tripartite_System in England and Wales until the 1970s and in Northern Ireland until 2009. Germany uses a strongly tracked system where students' achievements in their last of generally four years of primary school determine the type of secondary school they would be permitted to attend, and therefore the type of education they would receive. Weak tracking systems have been used in American schools where local schools assign students to classrooms according to their overall achievement, so that a given classroom is primarily composed of students with high, average, or low academic achievement.Historically, tracking and its various modifications is among the predominant organizing practices of American public schools, and has been an accepted feature in the country's schools for nearly a century (Rubin, 2008). Coming into use at a time when schools were enrolling growing numbers of immigrant children as the result of compulsory schooling laws, tracking was adopted as a means of sorting those children viewed as having limited preparation or capacity for schooling from native children. Unfortunately, however, tracking quickly took on the appearance of internal segregation (Wheelock, 1992; Rubin, 2008). The types of tracks have changed over the years. Traditionally, there were academic, general, and vocational tracks, as identified by the kind of preparation they provide. By the 1920s, some schools had developed up to eight distinctly labeled tracks that represented particular curricular programmes that reflected as assessment of students' probable social and vocational futures, many secondary schools now base track levels on course difficulty, with tracks such as basic, honours, or college-preparation. Primary schools might track in terms of high, average, or lower ability. As noted by Oakes and Martin (1994) "school policies determine three structural qualities of the tracking system: extensiveness which refers to the number of subjects tracked and the type of distinct curricula offered; specificity which refers to the number of track levels offered; and flexibility which refers to whether students move from one track to another (Michelson, 2003). …

Biochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Highly Stable Photosystem II Supercomplexes from Arabidopsis

Photosystem II (PSII) is a large membrane supercomplex involved in the first step of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is organized as a dimer, with each monomer consisting of more than 20 subunits as well as several cofactors, including chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, lipids, and ions. The isolation of stable and homogeneous PSII supercomplexes from plants has been a hindrance for their deep structural and functional characterization. In recent years, purification of complexes with different antenna sizes was achieved with mild detergent solubilization of photosynthetic membranes and fractionation on a sucrose gradient, but these preparations were only stable in the cold for a few hours. In this work, we present an improved protocol to obtain plant PSII supercomplexes that are stable for several hours/days at a wide range of temperatures and can be concentrated without degradation. Biochemical and spectroscopic properties of the purified PSII are presented, as well as a study of the complex solubility in the presence of salts. We also tested the impact of a large panel of detergents on PSII stability and found that very few are able to maintain the integrity of PSII. Such new PSII preparation opens the possibility of performing experiments that require room temperature conditions and/or high protein concentrations, and thus it will allow more detailed investigations into the structure and molecular mechanisms that underlie plant PSII function.

Risk Factors in the Pediatric Ward Recognized by Students Before Pediatric Nursing Practice －Basic Data for Medical Safety Education Based on Student's Learning Readiness－.

The purpose of this study was to extract the risk factors recognized by students before pediatric nursing practice in order to conduct medical safety education based on student's learning readiness. Third-year nursing students of A nursing college used the P-mSHELL model to find the risk factors in a simulated pediatric hospital room, and the researchers analyzed the contents. The students recognized four categories of risk factors: "burden on the family", "characteristics of the infant", "characteristics of children with disease", and "the family's cognition and understanding". There were three categories of risk factors related to "the environment": "environment that can cause a dangerous action", "unsafe environment", and "sickroom as a living space". There were four categories of risk factors related to "the student": "students' own physical/mental condition", "anxiety caused by pediatric nursing practice", "learning process in nursing practice" and "students' understanding of pediatric nursing". The students recognized that there were various risk factors in the child, the family, and the environment, and, by the P-mSHELL model, they recognized that they themselves could become a risk factor. Based on the risk factors that students extracted, teachers should think about what kind of preparation is necessary for students in pediatric nursing practice, and it is important to conduct medical safety education.

A Study on the Benefits of Convenience Foods to Non-Working Women

The last decade and half has seen a remarkable growth in the manufacture of convenience food industry in India and the non-working women are not left far behind in selecting such products for their family. She always ponders about the right kind of preparations that she needs to make for her family be it any time or any meal of the day. In this process she has to keep take the choices of her family members into account and try to strike a right equilibrium in her food preparation. This study aims at finding out about the use of convenience food by non-working women and of their need to choose, the type of convenience food they generally prefer and what benefits they see by using such a convenient products in their home. The primary data for this study has been collected through questionnaire from non-working women from different areas in Pune city and the same has been presented in graphical form for clear understanding while the secondary data has been collected through literature review of various research papers, articles and books. The non-working women are the forerunners to try out these convenience foods in their kitchens. This study has its focus to understand the benefits these working women would obtain through utilization of convenience foods.

Anima/Animus and Wise Old Man in Six Characters in Search of an Author

The word ‘archetype’ is derived from the Greek words arche meaning ‘first’ and type meaning ‘imprint’ or ‘pattern’. Actually, the archetypes are like deposits of experiences that have been frequently repeated in the history of human beings. They are present in all humans from birth. They can be represented in dreams, fantasies, or as a story, as a pattern or image such as mandala, or as an archetypal or mythical character. Jung believes that the archetypes are not memories of past experiences but are forms without content that represent a certain kind of perception and action. They offer a kind of preparation to produce similar mythical ideas again and again. Jung discovers that, since we have different cultures with different people, we have different kinds of archetypes – some known, many others yet to be discovered. In this regards, in the followings the archetypes Anima/Animus and Wise Old Man are discussed in Six Characters in Search of an Author to show how the question of reality, illusion and the oxymoron illusive reality as a major theme haunts Pirandello`s play. Keywords: Jung, Anima, Animus, Wise Old Man, Pirandello

Successful GTU students: From Thinking Differences to Basics

Studying in foreign country requires various kinds of preparation including language proficiency, academic schedule management and others. Language ability would be the foremost important to be focused, but knowing your major field as much as the foreign language is also important after you get settled. Basic things to be successful GTU students include responsibility such as attending all classes, commitment to working hard, effective study method. In addition, more fundamental thing to be emphasized for academic success is to know the difference in thinking between Asians and Westerners. Since the academic contents we deal with are largely built up and arranged following the logics of the West, being used to the difference would help students to understand textbook materials easily, organize your ideas and write papers clearly in English context particular. GTU students will soon be ready for the new challenge with the analytic Western and holistic Asian potentials to solve problems and understand the world.

Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Parameters in FePt Nanoparticles

Here, particular focus is placed on the atomic alignment and the order–disorder phase transition of the FePt alloy with the aid of a model that can describe realistic phenomena. Here, we present a method to study the order–disorder phenomena of FePt alloys. We will discuss the increase in the coercivity of FePt nanoparticles by an increasing annealing temperature for annealed FePt nanoparticles. According to the experimental evidence, we will present a model for explaining spin-glass-like behavior of these particles during the annealing procedure. In the phase transition from disordered FCC to ordered FCT in FePt nano-particles can be treated by first-order phase transitions. So, the mean field approach can be used in order to model this kind of phase transition. In nanoparticles, which are synthetized by sol–gel methods, the short range parameter is predominant because in these kinds of preparations, the long range order takes a lot of time to happen. By using a short range parameter, we are able to use the mean field approach, which considers the diffusion of atoms to the near neighborhood sites. The effects of random exchange and random magnetocrystalline anisotropy are known as the main results of coercivity reduction in magnetic nanoparticles. These effects are strongly dependent to the annealing temperature of nanoparticles. During disorder–order transition, these two effects are max. As transition continues, these effects vanish and coercivity of nanoparticles increases. Here, we will add these two effects to the Hamiltonian of the FePt system. With increasing the annealing temperature, the fraction of the FePt nanoparticles with a FCC disordered phase vanishes, which leads to decrease in the amount of 〈j〉. During the annealing process, the $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio varies as a function of the annealing temperature. The relation between the $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio and the annealing temperature is derived. The derived $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio and coercivity formulas are compared with experimental results. The results are in a good agreement with experimental data.

Effect of grain size distribution on Raman analyses and the consequences for in situ planetary missions

Raman spectroscopy can be used for analysing both mineral and organic phases, thus allowing characterisation of the microbial‐scale geological context as well as the search for possible traces of life. This method is therefore very useful for in situ planetary exploration missions. Compared with the myriad of sample preparation techniques available in terrestrial laboratories, the possibilities for sample preparation during in situ missions on other planetary bodies are extremely limited and are generally restricted to abrasion of rock surfaces or crushing of the target samples. Whereas certain techniques need samples to be prepared in powder form, such as X‐ray diffraction, this kind of preparation is not particularly suitable for optical microscopy and/or Raman spectroscopy. In this contribution, we examine the effects of powdering rock and mineral samples on optical observations and Raman analyses. We used a commercial Raman spectrometer, as well as a Raman laser spectrometer that simulates the instrument being developed for the future ExoMars 2018 mission. The commercial Raman spectrometer documents significant modifications to the spectra of the powdered samples, including broadening of the peaks and shifts in their position, as well as the appearance of new peaks. These effects are caused by localised heating of the sample under the laser beam and amplification of nominal surface effects due to the increase in surface area in finer grain sizes. However, most changes observed in the Raman spectra using the Raman laser spectrometer system are negligible because the relatively large (50 µm diameter) laser spot size produces lower irradiance. Furthermore, minor phases were more easily detectable in the powdered samples. Most importantly, however, this sample preparation method results in the loss of the textural features and context, making identification of potential fossilized microbial remains more problematic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Comparative analysis of Trichuris muris surface using conventional, low vacuum, environmental and field emission scanning electron microscopy

The whipworm of the genus Trichuris Roederer, 1791, is a nematode of worldwide distribution and comprises species that parasitize humans and other mammals. Infections caused by Trichuris spp. in mammals can lead to various intestinal diseases of human and veterinary interest. The morphology of Trichuris spp. and other helminths has been mostly studied using conventional scanning electron microscopy of chemically fixed, dried and metal-coated specimens, although this kind of preparation has been shown to introduce a variety of artifacts such as sample shrinking, loss of secreted products and/or hiding of small structures due to sample coating. Low vacuum (LVSEM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) have been applied to a variety of insulator samples, also used in the visualization of hydrated and/or live specimens in their native state. In the present work, we used LVSEM and ESEM to analyze the surface of T. muris and analyze its interaction with the host tissue using freshly fixed or unfixed hydrated samples. Analysis of hydrated samples showed a set of new features on the surface of the parasite and the host tissue, including the presence of the secretory products of the bacillary glands on the surface of the parasite, and the presence of mucous material and eggs on the intestinal surface. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was also applied to reveal the detailed structure of the glandular chambers in fixed, dried and metal coated samples. Taken together, the results show that analysis of hydrated samples may provide new insights in the structural organization of the surface of helminth parasites and its interaction with the infected tissue, suggesting that the application of alternative SEM techniques may open new perspectives for analysis in taxonomy, morphology and host–parasite interaction fields.

Ensure preparation and capsule endoscopy: A two-center prospective study

To compare small bowel (SB) cleanliness and capsule endoscopy (CE) image quality following Ensure(®), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and standard preparations. A preparation protocol for CE that is both efficacious and acceptable to patients remains elusive. Considering the physiological function of the SB as a site for the digestion and absorption of food and not as a stool reservoir, preparation consisting of a liquid, fiber-free formula ingested one day before a CE study might have an advantage over other kinds of preparations. We conducted a prospective, blind-to-preparation, two-center study that compared four types of preparations. The participants' demographic and clinical data were collected. Gastric and SB transit times were calculated. The presence of bile in the duodenum was scored by a single, blinded-to-preparation gastroenterologist expert in CE, as was cleanliness within the proximal, middle and distal part of the SB. A four-point scale was used (grade 1 = no bile or residue, grade 4 ≥ 90% of lumen full of bile or residual material). The 198 consecutive patients who were referred to CE studies due to routine medical reasons were divided into four groups. They all observed a 12-h overnight fast before undergoing CE. Throughout the 24 h preceding the fast, control group 1 (n = 45 patients) ate light unrestricted meals, control group 2 (n = 81) also ate light meals but free of fruits and vegetables, the PEG group (n = 50) ate unrestricted light meals and ingested the PEG preparation, and the Ensure group (n = 22) ingested only the Ensure formula. Preparation with Ensure improved the visualization of duodenal mucosa (a score of 1.76) by decreasing the bile content compared to preparation with PEG (a score of 2.9) (P = 0.053). Overall, as expected, there was less residue and stool in the proximal part of the SB than in the middle and distal parts in all groups. The total score of cleanliness throughout the length of the SB showed some benefit for Ensure (a score of 1.8) over control group 2 (a score of 2) (P = 0.06). The cleanliness grading of the proximal and distal parts of the SB was similar in all four groups (P = 0.6 for both). The cleanliness in the middle part of the SB in the PEG (a score of 1.8) and Ensure groups (a score of 1.7) was equally better than that of control group 2 (a score of 2.1) (P = 0.057 and P = 0.07, respectively). All 50 PEG patients had diarrhea as an anticipated side effect, compared with only one patient in the Ensure group. Preparation with Ensure, a liquid, fiber-free formula has advantages over standard and PEG preparations, with significantly fewer side effects than PEG.

丁香花叶新药用部位的初步性研究开发与应用

丁香遍布全国但其花叶尚未被利用，丁香花叶中含有有机酸类、苷类、挥发油等多种有效成分，可制成多种制剂，临床试验具有良好的抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎以及增强机体免疫功能等药理作用。丁香叶和植皮具有很大的药用资源利用价值，也是当今中药新资源新的药用部位的研究开发总趋势，如进行有效的提取精制和超临界等利用，对北药开发具有重大的意义。 Cloves are commonly utilized all around the world except the blooms and leaves consisting of effective com- ponents such as organic acids, glycosides, volatile oils, which can make many kinds of preparations. In clinic tests, they present pharmacologic action, antibiosis, antiviral, anti-inflammation and enhancement of body’s immune system and etc. Clove leaves and skin-grafting can be applied as medicinal resources, which leads the total research and evelopment trend of new medicinal parts of traditional Chinese medicine new resources nowadays. For example, it is available in effective extraction, refinement and supercritical applications, which plays an important role in the development of northern Chinese herbs.

Practical, Theoretical, and Methodological Challenges of Field Research in the Middle East

The Middle East has long been a conflict zone; the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been a persistent factor for decades, and there have been wars over natural resources, ideological causes, and national or religious cleavages as well. How does a historian begin to compile a documentary record of such a struggle? At the beginning of my research stay in the Middle East in 2007, I decided to keep a diary about my experiences and assessments in the field. In this article, I recount and reflect about those experiences in order to propose potential solutions to the problem of on-site research in unstable areas. While field research generally requires a particular kind of preparation, and always faces obstacles and challenges, the success of fieldwork under difficult and hostile research settings is dependent on the skills of the researcher, and his or her ability and preparedness for the problems the nature of the research inevitably will bring forward.

충북지역 초등학교의 다문화가정 학생을 위한 공간 특성 연구

The number of foreign residents is expected to increase with the increase of international marriage in rural area and the avoidance of 3D jobs, which is also anticipated to cause various problems more serious. This kind of phenomenon will bring about the increase of the students from the multi-cultural families and a big change in the schools along with the decrease of the students in rural area. Currently, school's interest in and support for those students from multi-cultural families are focused on the promotion of their learning capability. However, I think that not just the support for the students from multi-cultural families but a new space for the two student-groups' smooth communication in schools is to be arranged. Accordingly, this study suggests. The support limited to educational programs for those students from multi-cultural families should be expanded to the school facilities. What kind of preparation should be done by school facilities in the future. There should be five steps of intermediate space with the additional function other than that of communication between Korean native students and those from multi-cultural families along with the utilization of existing rooms and space.

High-Resolution Imaging of Dried and Living Single Bacterial Cell Surfaces: Artifact or Not?

When studying highly resolved scanning electron microscope images of cell surfaces, the question arises, whether the observed patterns are real or just artifacts of the cell preparation process. The following steps are usually necessary for preparation: fixation, drying, and metal coating. Each step might introduce different artifacts. Clever techniques have been developed to dry cells as gently as possible, for example critical point drying with different organic solvents and CO2. Instrument manufacturers also have taken account of this issue, for example, through the realization of the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), operating with a low-vacuum environment saturated with water so that samples might stay hydrated. Another approach is the extreme high-resolution scanning electron microscope (XHR SEM), where the electron beam is decelerated shortly before reaching the sample. This technique requires no metal coating of the sample. Cryo-SEM also may be used, where no sample preparation is required beyond freezing in a high-pressure freezer or other cryo-fixation device. Then the cell can be examined in the frozen, hydrated state using a cryostage. However, at least some kind of preparation is necessary for SEM imaging, and we wanted to find out what changes the preparation makes on the cell surface.

Different Influence of Endothelium in the Mechanical Responses of Human and Cat Isolated Cerebral Arteries to Several Agents

The present work was undertaken to elucidate the role of the vascular endothelium in the changes of isometric tension elicited by different compounds in isolated cylinders of human and cat cerebral arteries and cat pulmonary arteries. Endothelium removal by rubbing significantly reduced the relaxing response to acetylcholine (ACh) of isolated segments of all the arteries. The same treatment did not modify the contraction elicited by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the human and cat cerebral segments but increased the contractile effect of the amine in cat pulmonary arteries. The mechanical responses to vasopressin, ATP and adenosine in isolated segments of cat cerebral arteries were unaffected after removing the endothelial layer. L-Arginine, but not D-arginine (10(-5) M), enhanced significantly the relaxation induced by increasing doses of ACh in unrubbed cat cerebral arteries whereas it did not modify the response to ACh in rubbed ones. However, L-arginine had no effect on the dose-response curve to 5-HT in both kinds of preparation and did not change the tone in precontracted unrubbed cat cerebral segments. These results suggest that the endothelium of the cerebrovascular bed plays a minor role in regulating the mechanical response induced by several vasoactive agents, although it retains its ability to produce an endothelium-derived relaxing factor.