Kinds Of Glass Research Articles

Preparation, structure, osteogenic differentiation ability, and biosafety of bioglass for root canal disinfection

In this paper, SiO2-P2O5-Ca(Sr/Zn)O-Na2O-F system glasses with varying CaO:SrO and CaO:ZnO ratios were prepared by traditional melting method, which combined the remineralization properties of bioglass with the special functions of Zn2+ and Sr2+. The evolution of glass composition and its thermal properties, network structure, and biological properties was investigated by DSC, FTIR, and biological experiment. The results showed that all the extracts of glass powder could promote the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Among them, the two kinds of glass containing 6 wt% SrO and only 2 wt% ZnO had the greatest potential to accelerate the bone tissue reconstruction. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining histological results showed that 3 months after the two kinds of glass were implanted in the animal model of periapical inflammation, the bone matrix formed a good seal in the apical foramen, and new bone and capillaries were formed in the apical area, which has a clinical application and transformation prospect.

Research on Composition Analysis Identification and Protection of Ancient Glass Products based on FCM

After flowing into China along the Silk Road, glass has been circulating in the local territory for thousands of years. In the process of smelting, craftsmen of successive dynasties added different cosolvents, and the composition structure has its own characteristics. By studying the composition and material changes of ancient glass relics, it can provide theoretical support for archeologists to analyze the background of glass unearthed relics, which is of great research value.In this paper, the composition identification and analysis of ancient glass components were taken as the research objective, and different kinds of glass were divided according to different chemical compositions and organizational structures. Influencing factors and countermeasures of glass cultural relics weathering over the years; Further study on the protection of Chinese glass relics. Using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, FCM fuzzy clustering and other methods to analyze the above problems, and draw a conclusion.The innovation of this paper is to pretreat the ancient glass conditions and quantize the features to show the visual diagram; A variety of clustering models are established to ensure the accuracy of the conclusions. Considering the research problem in combination with the actual situation, the sub-classification situation has more practical reference value: both error analysis and sensitivity analysis are taken into account to ensure the reliability of the research.

Composition analysis and identification of ancient glass based on K-Means clustering

The analysis and research on the composition of ancient glass is widely used in the reduction and identification of the composition of archaeological relics. In this paper, the relevant data of CUMCM2022 problem C is used to establish a mathematical model, and multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression and K-means clustering algorithms are used to realize the systematic analysis of the chemical composition of cultural relics, and solve the problem of predicting the classification of cultural relics. In the study of ancient glass classification, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression are used to transform abstract text data into intuitive multiple linear regression equation, and a relatively ideal classification law is obtained. According to the change rate of chemical composition before and after weathering of various kinds of glass, the appropriate chemical composition was selected as the classification index, and the elbow method and K-means clustering were used to obtain the distinctive subclassification results. Finally, the sensitivity of K-means clustering subclassification model is analyzed by numerical perturbation method, and the model shows high stability.

Composition analysis and identification of ancient glass products

Based on the proportion of various components of ancient glass products and the classification method, the composition, change and relation of different types of cultural relics under different weathering conditions are analyzed in detail in this paper. The statistical rules and the basis for the classification of cultural relics are given, and on this basis, the unknown types of glass cultural relics are identified. Firstly, a statistical model is established, and Chi-square test is used to analyze the factors that affect the weathering of cultural relics. It is concluded that the weathering of cultural relics is related to the type of glass and the type of decoration, and the type of glass has a greater influence on the weathering. The chemical composition of the weathered cultural relics before weathering is predicted. Then, after the classification rule of glass is preliminarily explored, the grey correlation model is established to calculate the correlation degree between each chemical component and the two kinds of glass, and then the K-means clustering model is used to divide the glass into subclasses. Thirdly, BP neural network was used to analyze the chemical composition of glass relics of unknown category, identify their types, and analyze the sensitivity of classification results. Finally, according to the idea of discrete Frechet distance algorithm, the cultural relics are grouped according to the type of glass, and the discrete Frechet distance of the broken line of the change rate of the content of different chemical components between cultural relics is used as the basis to judge the correlation relationship, and the correlation relationship between the two substances is analyzed.

Glass classification and identification based on multiple clustering model

Ancient glass is extremely susceptible to weathering by the influence of the buried environment, resulting in a change in the proportion of glass components. In order to classify different kinds of glass, this paper uses k-means++ clustering method to analyze the classification law, and summarizes the major and minor chemical composition data of the cluster center, so as to establish a glass classification model. In order to identify unknown types of glass, this paper mixes the data of eight groups of unknown types of glass into the known data, outputs the types of eight groups of glass through cluster analysis, calculates the center distance of the lead barium glass group to the subclass of the type in these eight groups, and then divides the subclass, and at the same time divides the subclass of the high potassium glass in the eight groups.

Composition Analysis and Identification of Ancient Glass Products

Based on the research on the rules of the classification of the two kinds of glass as the goal, take glass types as the dependent variable, the chemical composition content is the independent variable, and establish a model of decision tree classification, is based on chemical component content of glass type classification rule, then to analyze the chemical composition of each category, according to the laws of the elbow to calculate the clustering analysis, the optimal class number of k, the K-means clustering algorithm was used to subclassify the glass into K classes and quantify the types. The type was taken as the dependent variable, and the content of each chemical component was taken as the independent variable for decision tree classification. The sub-classification results based on the content of each chemical component and the chemical variables with significant effect on the sub-classification results were obtained. Perturbation was introduced to the chemical variables that had a significant effect on the subclassification results, and the subclassification changes after perturbation were studied to verify the sensitivity of the classification results. The results showed that the accuracy and sensitivity of the model were good.

Classification of Ancient Glass Based on Perceptron Model

Weathering process will make a lot of elements inside the glass and environment elements exchange, resulting in the change of the composition ratio. In order to classify and subclassify ancient glass products, this paper uses the perceptron model improved based on particle swarm optimization to solve the binary classification problem of high-potassium glass and lead-barium glass. With the accuracy of prediction as the objective function, the 14-dimensional weight vector is obtained by learning all the data sets that have been converted to un-weathered. In the further subclass division, cluster analysis was used in this paper to subdivide the two kinds of glass, high potassium and lead barium, respectively, and finally they were divided into three categories.

Automatic Water Dispenser Based on Hand Gesture Detection Using Arduino

Water dispensers are electronic devices that are widely available in households and offices. In general, water dispensers use faucets to drain water. During the pandemic, many people avoid touching equipment used by many people. Various ways have been done so that the water dispenser can be operated automatically without touching the faucet. Previous research on water dispensers was only applied to one type of water. This study aims to make an automatic water dispenser without touching the faucet used for two types of water, namely hot water or cold water. This research is based on hand gesture detection to choose hot water or cold water. The APDS-9960 gesture sensor detects hand movements to select hot or cold water, and then a servo motor is used to open the water faucet. After that, the position of the glass is validated by the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, and water will flow for 30 seconds into the glass. The entire input and output process is controlled using Arduino. The results show that this automatic water dispenser can detect hand gestures at a maximum distance of 15 cm with a hand movement speed of 2 to 3.7 seconds. This automatic water dispenser can detect three kinds of glass, namely ceramic, clear glass, and plastic, at a distance of 1 to 3 cm, and the volume of water flowing for 30 seconds is 240 ml.

Energy performance of window with PCM frame

Thermal performance of window frame and glazing pane are significant for its energy saving. In the present work, the energy consumption of various windows in the rural residence of severe cold climate was investigated on the basis of the thermal performance analysis of glass and frames. Based on EnergyPlus + multi-objective gradual exploration, the energy consumption of the test room with various windows during heating period was simulated, and the windows configuration was optimized considering daylighting performance. There are three steps to explore the energy consumption of four kinds of glass, four frame materials and three kinds of frame configuration, and nine groups of WWR. The results show that the triplepane glass + PCM frame of one mullion-one transom type is the best comprehensive scheme. In order to meet the requirements of lighting performance, and under the constraints of building height and structure, the design with large size of south side window and small size of north side window has obvious energy-saving effect. It saves about 20% energy than the original one. The conclusions are proposed for the window design and application of PCM frame in severe cold areas.

Discussion of the Adaption of between Blinds Glass for Residential Buildings in Different Climate Regions of China Based on Energy Consumption Analysis

The between blinds glass is a new product which installs aluminium blinds between the hollow glasses. It is mainly used in the developed country nowadays. The purpose of this article is to discuss the adaption of between blinds glass in different climate regions of China. The heat load in winter and cooling load in summer of the residential buildings using three kinds of window glass such as ordinary hollow glass, low emissivity glass and between blinds glass in different climate regions of China are calculated. The thermal performances of three kinds of glass are compared. The results show that between blinds glass is fit for the residential buildings in different climate regions of China.

The Study of Equipment for Testing High Temperature Elastic Modulus Based on the Acoustical Resonance Method

A self-designed testing device for high-temperature elastic modulus was developed based on the principle of acoustical resonance, having great accuracy and repeatability. Experiment was made to test the elastic modulus of two kinds of glass. The experimental data showed that compared with normal glass, Al2O3•SiO2 glass was the 1.2 times the value of elastic modulus of normal glass and had greater stability than normal glass in high temperature. The softening point temperatures of Al2O3•SiO2 glass and normal glass were respectively 600°C and 400°C. The self-designed testing device was able to estimate the property of glass.

Low temperature sintering of Y3Fe5O12 with glass addition

Two kinds of glass (LiBZn and BaBSi) were used as sintering flux to lower the sintering temperature of Y3Fe5O12 (YIG). The X-ray powder diffraction patterns confirm the coexistence of the two phases. The dielectric and magnetic properties were also reported. The results show that as the addition of LiBZn glass is 8 wt-%, the YIG can be sintered at 1100°C, which is lower than the sintering temperature (1350°C) of pure YIG. The YIG with 8 wt-%LiBZn glass, possessing high and equal permittivity, permeability, high cut-off frequency and very low dielectric loss, can be used to fabricate miniature filter and antenna, electromagnetic interference devices, and so on.

Estimation and account for matrix effects in studying glass materials of cultural heritage by X‐ray spectral analysis

AbstractDiscussed are special features of the X‐ray spectral analysis in solving different problems related to the study of glass materials or objects, which are of archaeological, historical or artistic value. The following objects were considered: various dishes and colored glass. The study of the chemical composition of particular materials, for example, obsidian or raw materials for the production of glass is very often necessary to determine their sites. The increasing number of publications on these topics is noted. The versions of sample preparation and the problem of the heterogeneity of materials under study are considered. Essential attention was given to techniques for the conversion of experimental intensities into concentrations of elements determined. The estimates of the matrix effects are given when analyzing certain kinds of glass with X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Design of an improved Fresnel prism

Based on the optimization of the optical material and internal reflection angle, we designed a model of improved Fresnel prism that is insensitive to the angle of incidence. In this device, the incident light is reflected twice at the same internal reflection angle on the interface between two kinds of glass and the air. So the changes of retardation caused by reflection can compensate each other. The calculation shows that the departure of this kind of phase retarders is less than 0.36° when the angle of incidence changes between -2° and +2°.It reserves the merits of normal incidence and normal output in archetypal Fresnel prism, and brings convenience in the operation.

Thin-film particles of graphite oxide. 2: Preliminary studies for internal micro fabrication of single particle and carbonaceous electronic circuits

Some preliminary studies to realize a carbonaceous electronic circuit were carried out using the liquid-dispersible thin-film particles of graphite oxide and their conductive reduction product. (1) The affinity of insulator substrates (diamond, silicon carbide, silicon, sapphire and three kinds of glass) for the particles was improved by heating and immersion in water. (2) The electric conductivity was measured for a wide wiring pattern formed by a large number of the reduced thin-film particles mounted on the substrate, and the value was 1600 S/m after heating at 500 °C. (3) To make the prototype of a narrow wiring or a micro device, the internal micro fabrication (position-selective removal) of a single particle was attempted using focused ion beam. Many kinds of patterns which contain narrow wiring having a width of 200 nm etc. were formed in the reduced thin-film particle having about 10 nm thickness. (4) The simple model calculation of anisotropic conductivity was executed for thin graphite which has a small number of layers and finite size. In the case of the fine graphitic carbonaceous devices and circuits, much attention must be paid to their sizes in all directions.

Optimized metrology for laser-damage measurement: application to multiparameter study.

An automatic test apparatus for refined testing of laser damage is presented that permits an in situ analysis of the tested area before, during, and after pulsed irradiation. Spatial and temporal beam profiling are performed in real time and give access to the localized fluence for each shot. Furthermore, an optimization of the initiation of damage detection is undertaken by use of image processing and yields a resolution better than 1 microm. Through several examples, these conditions are demonstrated to be useful for reaching an understanding of the laser-damage process. A complete study is undertaken of different kinds of glass that permits the main influence of test parameters (shot frequency, shot number, beam profile variation, temporal and spatial meshing, ...) on the damage procees to be shown. The study was made for different test procedures (1:1, S:1, R:1) and completed by atomic-force microscope analysis. Evidence indicates that the upgrading of metrology associated with an automatic process offers new opportunities for understanding laser-induced damage mechanisms and for emphasizing specific effects such as damage initiation, damage growth, and conditioning for repetitive shots.

The Government and the English Optical Glass Industry, 1650-1850

The concept of a technical frontier in branches of experimental measurement, such as the resolution of the microscope, angular measure and time telling, has been around for more than 60 years. The purpose of this brief paper is to identify the technical frontier operating on the achromatic astronomical telescope, where a limiting factor of the resolution of fine detail was the quality of the optical glass available. The achromatically corrected objective is formed from two kinds of glass, the common crown glass and the heavy clear flint glass or lead glass. This last was difficult to make homogeneous, that is without regions of different density, and therefore different refraction and dispersion. Unusually, optical glass had to pass a second frontier, this time placed on the whole glass industry by the English Government in the form of excise duty, administered with a bureaucratic efficiency that effectively stopped, in around 1800, the making of optical glass suitable for the serious astronomical telescopes. The result of the tax imposition was to delay the English production of improved optical glass for more than 80 years.

Voltammetric Measurement of [Cu(II)]/[Cu(I)] at a Platinum Rotating Disc Electrode and Control by Electrolysis at a Platinum Net Electrode in Chloride Solutions

ABSTRACT A method has been described to measure and control the [Cu(II)]/[Cu(I)] bulk concentration ratio in aqueous chloride solutions. A variation of the ratio is achieved by controlled potential electrolysis at appropriate reducing or oxidizing potentials. The concentration ratio can be monitored by a repetitive double potential step amperometric method at a platinum rotating disc electrode. The amperometric signal can be used to control the electrolytic process in order to obtain and maintain a predetermined bulk concentration ratio. Diffusion coefficients of respectively 6.2 10−6 and 5.6 10−6 cm2 s−1 have been determined for Cu(II) and Cu(I). Potential applications of the method are the control of polymerisation reactions, of the reduction of textile dyes with the aid of a mediator system and of the colour characteristics of different kinds of glass.

B-46 窓システム及び昼光利用照明制御の組み合わせ制御に関する実証的研究(その4) : 開口率・方位・ガラス品種・内装材反射率・地域性などの影響

B-46 窓システム及び昼光利用照明制御の組み合わせ制御に関する実証的研究(その4) : 開口率・方位・ガラス品種・内装材反射率・地域性などの影響

Protecting buildings from explosions

Describes the ways in which commercial buildings can be protected from explosive devices, and a variety of modern methods which are cost effective and successful. Analyses major threats from terrorists and criminal gangs who target facilities, and lists the four steps of explosive management. Also provides detailed information on the different kinds of glass, doors, walls, floors, etc., that should be installed for a safer building. Finally, outlines mandatory building requirements.