Kind Of Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Articles

Effect of PCR enhancer in molecular authenticate of Chinese herbal medicine

To evaluate the effect of PCR enhancer on molecular identification of Chinese herbal medicine, and select the optimal enhancers suitable for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), genomic DNA from 180 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine was extract by CTAB method and alkaline lysis method, respectively. PCR success rate of five universal fragments (ITS2, psbA-trnH, rbcL, matK, trnL-trnF) was compared in a PCR system with and without enhancer. PCR efficiency of Real-time PCR was also compared in a PCR system with and without enhancer. Results showed that PCR success rate of ITS2,psbA-trnH, rbcL fragment was increased by using PVP and BSA. The PCR efficiency was decreased by PCR enhancer in Real-time PCR system. The results indicate that BSA and PVP as PCR enhancer can dramatically increase PCR success rate and genotyping accuracy in TCM molecular authentication.

Promising therapeutic effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate towards pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal disease with no cure currently available. Sodium Tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA isolated as the major active component from salvia miltiorrhiza, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine. We investigate the efficacy of STS towards treatment of PH patients. Five hospitalized patients were randomly enrolled for this study. These patients were suffering from various types of serious PH without getting sufficient benefits from sildenafil treatment (20 mg tid) for at least three months. The efficacy of STS on PH was evaluated by measuring the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), RV size by echocardiography, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), Borg dyspnea score, and WHO functional class of PH. Patients aged from 17 to 46 (average 33±11) years old, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) ranged from 60 to 140 mmHg, RV size ranged from 25 to 39 mm were included in study. At the endpoint of observation for 8 weeks of STS infusion, they obtained reduction of PASP in the range of 14-45 (average 28.6±12.5) mmHg, RV size in the range of 0-10 (average 4.2±1.6). All patients exhibited improved exercise capacity with an increase of 6MWD from 63 to 268 (average 138.4±40.7) meters, significantly reduced Borg dyspnea score from maximum 9 down to 1 or 0, and reduced WHO functional class of PH from III or IV down to II. These results indicate that STS exhibits remarkable beneficiary effects on treating PH patients either alone or in concert with sildenafil.

Discrimination of Chinese Herbal Medicine by Machine Olfaction

“Small Sample Size” (SSS) problem would occur while using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm with traditional Fisher criterion if the within-class scatter matrix is singular. The combination of maximum scatter difference (MSD) criterion and LDA algorithm for solve SSS problem is described. It is employed to detect three kinds of Chinese herbal medicines from different growing areas by machine olfaction. Compared with PCA or PCA + LDA algorithm, the classification result was enhanced. It works out that only a few samples of Anhui Atractylodes are classified incorrectly, however, the classification rate reaches 97.8%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.1986

Classification of Chinese Herbal Medicine Based on Improved LDA Algorithm Using Machine Olfaction

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a popular method among pattern recognition algorithms of machine olfaction. However, “Small Sample Size” (SSS) problem would occur while using LDA algorithm with traditional Fisher criterion if the within-class scatter matrix is singular. In this paper, maximum scatter difference (MSD) criterion and LDA were combined to solve SSS problem, so that three kinds of Chinese herbal medicines from different growing areas were accurately classified. At the same time, the classification result was enhanced. It works out that only a few samples of Anhui Atractylodes are classified incorrectly, however, the classification rate reaches 97.8%.

Study on Determination of Trace Mercury in Chinese Herbal Medicines by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

A hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry method was developed for the determination of trace mercury in Chinese herbal medicines. A digestion system using HNO3-H2O2 under high pressure was applied for the pretreatment of the samples. The operating condition of the instrument were optimized. The effect of the acid in sample solution and carrier liquid, and the effect of reducing agent KBH4 in solution to the determination of mercury were studied. Under the optimum conditions. Five kinds of Chinese herbal medicines in Yun Nan province of China was measured. There was a good linear coefficient between the fluorescent intensity and mercury concentration in the range of 0～10μg•L-1with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998,while the determination limits was 3.7ng•L-1,the relative standard deviation was 2.4%. The content of total mercury in the samples was 5.25～16.32ng•g-1 and a recovery range of 83.6%～109.2% were obtained.

Multi-residue method for fast determination of pesticide residues in plants used in traditional chinese medicine by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification and identification of 116 pesticide residues which were most widely used in plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in 15min has been developed and validated. Samples were extracted and cleaned up with modified QuEChERS method and detected by UHPLC–MS/MS under multiple reactions monitoring mode, and quantified by matrix-match calibration. The validation study was carried out on five different matrixes following DG SANCO/2007/3131 of the European Quality Control Guidelines. The linearity of the calibration was good between 5 and 100ngml−1 concentration ranges, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) less than 0.01mg/kg for most pesticides. The mean recoveries of almost all pesticides were in the range from 70% to 120% at three concentration levels ranging from 0.01mg/kg to 0.1mg/kg with relative standard deviations (RSD) better than 15%. The method was applied on 138 real samples from 102 different kinds of Chinese herbal medicine. 95 positive samples were detected. This method is fast, robust, accurate, selective, sensitive and easy to operate.

A Study of Antioxidant Activity about Extracts with Different Solvents from Four Chinese Herbal Medicines in Enshi

this paper, four kinds of Chinese herbal medicines from Enshi：Camptotheca acuminata, Paris polyphylla Smith, Taxus mairei and Trillium tschonoskii Maxim were respectively extracted by double distilled water, 0.5mol/LNaCl solution, and 75%(v/v) ethanol,using pyrogallol autoxidation method to test the antioxidant activity. The results showed that four kinds of Chinese herbal medicines have certain ability to remove superoxide anion radical and different among them, The ethanol extract of Camptotheca acuminata and water extract of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim have the strongest antioxidant capacity,however all of the salt extract of four Chinese herbal medicines which can hardly remove superoxide anion radical have little antioxidant capacity.

Inhibitory Effects of 30 Kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Fungi in Food

This research aimed to study the effects of 30 kinds of Chinese herbs on fungi in food. 30 kinds of Chinese herbs and 6 common fungi in food were used as experiment material. The effects of water, ethanol absolute and petroleum ether extracts on fungi were studied by filter paper method. The results showed that water extracts of Coptis chinensis. and Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils., the ethanol extracts of Syzygium aromaticum Thunb., Coptis chinensis, Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Cassia Bark, the petroleum ether extracts of Syzygium aromaticum Thunb. and Cassia Bark had strong antimicrobial ability. The study can provide the scientific basis for exploring natural food preservatives.

Research on frequency of application with modern Chinese herbal medicine

To study the relationship between 500 kinds of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and the classification of their efficacies in Chinese Materia Medica in relation to the common diseases listed in Internal Medicine. Database retrieval frequency of the quantitative statistical method was adopted. First, the 8 980 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine recorded in Chinese Materia Medica were used as the original search objects, and 4 493 kinds which were cited in more than five articles were picked out and then rechecked for further title citations. Second, as judged based on the Criterion, the numbers of articles which included the medicines in the line of standards were examined. As a result, 500 species of Chinese herbal medicine were singled out based on their retrieval frequency and were then used for compilation of the classification statistics according to their efficacy and the common diseases in Internal Medicine. From the classification of Chinese medicines, herbs with wide efficiency and a meek nature had higher frequencies, but those which were not appropriate as decoctions had relatively lower frequencies. However, according to the average frequency, the Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing qi and tonifying blood, at 36,346 times and 34,544 times, respectively, were the most commonly used. Analyzed from the frequency of application of the Chinese medicine in the treatment of common diseases, most of the top 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine with the highest frequencies generally coincided with the 500 selected medicines. In addition, the Chinese medicines with clear pharmacological efficiency were easily isolated and purified to be made into injections, although other forms are more commonly used. The results of the research objectively reflected the current applications of Chinese herbal medicine, and could be used as references in teaching, research, clinical applications, and in compiling and increasing the drugs in textbooks and Pharmacopoeia.

In vivo inhibition of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype AIV.

NAS preparation, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine found by the Yunnan Eco-agricultural Research Institute, has potential antiviral activity. In this paper, the inhibiting effect of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV) was investigated in vivo. Chickens infected with H9N2 virus were treated with NAS preparation for 4 days. The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination (HA) test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no H9N2 virus could be detected at the 7th day when the chickens were treated with 0.2 g/kg/d or 0.1 g/kg/d of NAS preparation. However the virus could be detected in other chickens without NAS preparation treatment. This result suggested that NAS preparation may be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H9N2 subtype AIV in chickens.

An experimental study on four kinds of Chinese herbal medicines containing alkaloids using fluorescence microscope and microspectrometer

In order to find a useful method for uniting the identification and quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine, the techniques of fluorescence microscopy and microspectrometer were firstly applied to authenticate four kinds of herbal medicines, Caulis Sinomenii, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and Rhizoma Menispermi, as well as to measure the distribution of alkaloids in their cross-sections. The results showed that the fluorescence microscopic characteristics and the fluorescence emission spectra of the same tissues from the four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine were different, for example, the cortex of Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis emitted blue fluorescence instead of the yellow of Rhizoma Coptidis observed with emission filter of long-pass 397 nm, which could be effective to identify them. Furthermore, alkaloids, as active components of the above herbal medicines, were distributed in each part of herbal tissue but their fluorescence intensities in different parts of tissue were different. The results indicated that fluorescence microscope combined with microspectrometer could be a helpful method for identification and quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine.

Inhibitory Effects of Baicalin on Ultraviolet B-Induced Photo-Damage in Keratinocyte Cell Line

Baicalin, one kind of Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant property, has been commonly used as a clinical medicine. However, little has been known about the effects of Baicalin on ultraviolet (UV) induced photo-aging and photo-carcinogenesis. The photoproduct is critical to the initial event of UV-induced photo-carcinogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether Baicalin, in immortalized human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, could inhibit ultraviolet-B (UVB) induced skin damage and its possible underlying mechanisms, such as inhibiting UVB-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), down-regulating the expression of regulatory proteins which are related to cell apoptosis and DNA damage/repair. Our study revealed that Baicalin treatment could inhibit the UVB-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and CPD level. It also decreased the mRNA expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes (p53-p21 and c-fos), the protein levels of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and repair protein A (RPA), and the secretion of cytokines [interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)]. These results suggested that Baicalin may have an inhibitory effect on the UVB-induced photo-damage by blocking the relevant cytokine secretion and expression of p53-p21, c-fos, PCNA and RPA genes.

A novel extracellular protease with fibrinolytic activity from the culture supernatant of Cordyceps sinensis: purification and characterization

A novel serine protease with fibrinolytic activity named CSP was purified from the culture supernatant of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine. Analysis of the purified enzyme by SDS-PAGE indicated that CSP was a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular weight of 31 kDa, and N-terminal sequencing revealed that the first ten amino acid residues of the enzyme were Ala-Leu-Ala-Thr-Gln-His-Gly-Ala-Pro-Trp-. When casein was used as a substrate, the proteolytic activity of CSP reached its maximum at pH 7.0 and 40 degrees C. The effect of chemical agents on the enzyme activity indicated that CSP is a serine protease with a free cysteine residue near the active site. It hydrolysed fibrinogen, fibrin and casein with a high efficiency, while hydrolysing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) to a lesser extent. CSP was found to be a plasmin-like protease, but not a plasminogen activator, and it preferentially cleaved the A alpha chain of fibrinogen and the alpha-chain of fibrin. Therefore, the extracellular protein CSP may represent a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombosis.

Anti-hepatitis Activities in the Broth of Ganoderma lucidum Supplemented with a Chinese Herbal Medicine

The anti-hepatitis B virus activity and hepatoprotective activity of a liquid fermentation broth of Ganoderma lucidum were investigated. The cultured broth was supplemented with aqueous extract of Radix Sophorae flavescentis, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine. Our results indicated that the cultured broth had effects of anti-hepatitis B virus activity in vitro and protected mice from liver damage in vivo. Our results also indicated that the co-fermentation broth of Ganoderma lucidum in the presence of aqueous extract of Radix Sophorae flavescentis has better medicinal effects than simply mixing these two ingredients together, suggesting a potential novel way to prepare Chinese herbal mixtures.

Superoxide scavenging activities of sixty Chinese medicines determined by an ESR spin-trapping method using electrogenerated superoxide.

Superoxide-scavenging activities of 60 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines were determined accurately by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) as a spin-trapping reagent. As a source of superoxide in this method, superoxide generated by one-electron reduction of the oxygen molecule in dimethyl sulfoxide solution was used. As a result of these studies, very powerful scavenging activity was found in Chinese medicines for inflammation, diseases of blood circulation and for tumors.

Invigorating Qi and promoting blood circulation in treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Twenty patients of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were treated with such kind of Chinese herbal medicine as invigorating Qi and promoting blood circulation for 4—8 weeks. The therapeutic effect was observed and compared with that of the two control groups treated with prednisone and coenzyme A respectively. In the TCM group, the number of patients with marked effect, good effect and improvement were 2,4 and 7, the total effective rate being 65%. This efficacy was higher than that of the coenzyme group and lower than that of the prednisone group. The changes of antiplatelet lgG antibody and haptoglobin were also observed in the meantime, and results showed that after TCM treatment, both of them were decreased as disease improved.

Hypovolemic shock and mortality after ingestion of Tripterygium wilfordii hook F.: a case report

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine used for 2000 years. It was applied externally for treatment of arthritis and inflammatory tissue swelling in early years. Recently, this drug has been found to have immunosuppressive effects which could successfully induce remission of some autoimmune disorders without obvious adverse effects. Although there are side effects of gastrointestinal upset, infertility and suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, little information about lethal toxicities has been reported. A case is presented here of a previously healthy young man who developed profuse vomiting and diarrhea, leukopenia, renal failure, profound hypotension and shock after ingestion of an extract of TWHF. In addition to his hypovolemic shock, serial electrocardiograms (ECG), cardiac enzyme studies, and echocardiography also showed some evidence of coexisting cardiac damage. He died of intractable shock 3 days after the abuse of TWHF. Further studies of the pathogenesis of peripheral collapse and possible cardiac toxicity, and determination of the therapeutic range of this drug are necessary before it is used extensively.