Kind Of Advanced Material Research Articles

Fatigue Analysis of Printed Composites of Onyx and Kevlar

The transformation of powertrains, powered by internal combustion engines, into electrical systems generates new challenges in developing lightweight materials because electric vehicles are typically heavy. It is therefore important to develop new vehicles and seek more aesthetic and environmentally friendly designs whilst integrating manufacturing processes that contribute to reducing the carbon footprint. At the same time, this research explores the development of new prototypes and custom components using printed composite materials. In this framework, it is essential to formulate new approaches to estimate fatigue life, specifically for components tailored and fabricated with these kinds of advanced materials. This study introduces a novel fatigue life prediction approach based on an artificial neural network. When presented with given inputs, this neural network is trained to predict the accumulation of fatigue damage and the temperature generated during cyclic loading, along with the mechanical properties of the compound. Its validation involves comparing the network’s response with the load ratio result, which can be calculated using the fatigue damage parameter. Comparing both results, the network can successfully predict the fatigue damage accumulation; this implies an ability to directly employ data on the mechanical behavior of the component, eliminating the necessity for experimental testing. Then, the current study introduces a neural network designed to predict the accumulated fatigue damage in printed composite materials with an Onyx matrix and Kevlar reinforcement.

A Review of Graphene-Based Materials/Polymer Composite Aerogels.

The fabrication of composite materials is an effective way to improve the performance of a single material and expand its application range. In recent years, graphene-based materials/polymer composite aerogels have become a hot research field for preparing high-performance composites due to their special synergistic effects in mechanical and functional properties. In this paper, the preparation methods, structures, interactions, properties, and applications of graphene-based materials/polymer composite aerogels are discussed, and their development trend is projected. This paper aims to arouse extensive research interests in multidisciplinary fields and provide guidance for the rational design of advanced aerogel materials, which could then encourage efforts to use these new kinds of advanced materials in basic research and commercial applications.

Hierarchical Arete Architecture‐Enabled Iontronic Pressure Sensor with High Linearity and Sensitivity

AbstractLinearity is an indispensable factor to be considered when evaluating the characteristics of a pressure sensor. Although different kinds of advanced materials and microstructures are explored to enhance the device performances, the nonlinear response of sensors caused by the attenuation of sensitivity as pressure increases still needs to be further addressed. In this spotlight, a sensitive flexible iontronic pressure sensor with highly linear response is reported here. The design of its hierarchical arete architecture (HAA) not only inherits the high sensitivity of hierarchical microstructures in a wide pressure range but also achieves ultrahigh linearity. Experimentally the HAA iontronic sensor is prepared by using a simple and low‐cost polycrystalline silicon template, and it demonstrates a high sensitivity of 20.98 kPa−1 in a broad range (0–37.5 kPa) with R2 up to 0.9921. Benefited from the combination of remarkable linearity, sensitivity, and other characteristics, practical applications around human health such as real‐time monitoring of tablets, recognition of respiratory airflows, and physiological signals detection are successfully demonstrated here. Based on these excellent performances, the HAA iontronic sensor can also be regarded as a promising choice in the fields of 5G communication, wearable devices, robotic intelligence, etc.

Modeling and optimization of VEAM of 10% B4C/Al metal matrix composite using ANN-SCA approach

Shaping advanced materials such as superalloys and metal matrix composites is still a herculean task for the engineering fraternity. People are developing innovative manufacturing processes (MPs) to shape such kind of advanced materials. Electrical arc machining (EAM) is one such subtractive MP which is under development stage. The present paper discusses one newly developed advanced machining process named as vibration assisted EAM (VEAM). The machining on metal matrix composite has been performed using VEAM. Two of the performance indicators that are material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate has been explored during machining using VEAM. Experimental findings indicate that VEAM results in significantly enhanced MRR as compared to conventional EDM. At the last the single objective optimization has been done by using hybrid artificial neural network & four advanced optimization algorithms such as self-adaptive differential evolution, shuffled frog leaping algorithm, coordinated aggregation based particle swarm optimization and sine cosine algorithm (SCA). It has been observed that SCA demonstrate better performance as compared to its peers.

Acoustical parameters of sodium borate metallic glass - Na2CO3-B2O3-Na2O

In recent decades, one of the very popular and kind of advanced materials is Metallic glasses. Metallic glass materials can easily versatile for their manufacturability with plastics because of their complex shapes. Presently, Glassy alloys pivotan extraordinaryexploration in the worldwide community of metals.In this paper we have presented about Sodium Borate Glass-(Na3bo3) nature, glasses in the system Na3bo3, by melt quenching technique has been prepared. The structural investigation has been carried out by X-Ray Diffraction studies. Debye temperature and Elastic properties have been analyzedby utilizing measurements of sound velocity. The purpose of Na2O in the B2O3is to change the host structure by changing the borate network structural units from BO3 to BO4. Sodium diborate is a type of borate glass. Borate glass of this typeattractsmany researchers attentionbecause of their improved optical and electrical properties. Infra Red spectroscopy is one of theviabletools for the local arrangements structure resolution in glasses. The UVvisible optical analysisis used to study about the optical spectra. These results are utilized to find the refractive index of glasses and optical band gap.

Properties of Iron Bacteria Biofouling on Ni-P-rGO Coating under Flowing Conditions.

Biofouling on heat exchange devices can decrease heat transfer efficiency, corrode materials, and even lead safety accidents. Most heat exchange devices are made of carbon steel, which produces biofouling easily. In this paper, nickel-phosphorus-reduced graphene oxide (Ni-P-rGO) coating was prepared on carbon steel by electroless plating as a kind of advanced material to study the properties of iron bacteria biofouling under flowing conditions. The coating was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The properties of iron bacteria biofouling on carbon steel and Ni-P-rGO coating were then compared under flowing conditions. Compared with carbon steel, the asymptotic value of fouling resistance on the Ni-P-rGO coating significantly decreased. Additionally, the induction period and the time of reaching the asymptotic value greatly increased. The inhibition properties of biofouling of advanced materials Ni-P-rGO coating under different temperatures, flow velocities, and initial concentrations was also studied.

Synthesis of highly cross-linked uniform polyurea aerogels

Polyurea (PUA) aerogel is a kind of advanced material with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. In this paper, uniform and highly cross-linked PUA aerogels are synthesized at ambient temperature, 0 °C and −20 °C respectively. Solid content and synthesis temperature of the aerogels were as the main factors of the study. Synthesis temperature can regulate the solubility of monomers in solution, thereby reducing the size of particles and causing more contacts between the particles to form the fibers of polymers. It’s resulted that the microstructure of PUA aerogels becomes more uniform. Meanwhile the specific surface area and pore volume of the materials increase correspondingly. The linear shrinkage, bulk density and thermal conductivity are also improved. PUA aerogel synthesized at −20 °C has the largest specific surface area of 240 m2/g, the highest pore volume of 1.13 cm3/g, the lowest linear shrinkage of 5.67 ± 0.05% and the density of 0.084 ± 0.001 g/cm3. In addition, the PUA aerogel has a low thermal conductivity of 0.0192 ± 0.0002 W/(m K) with the density of 0.109 ± 0.003 g/cm3.

Graphene Nanoribbon Based Gas Sensor

Mono layer graphene (MLG) as a new kind of advanced material is in our focus. MLG indicates a twodimensional structure with quantum confinement effect in its thickness. The MLG based nanomaterial has remarkable potential on electrochemical catalysis and bio-sensing applications. Recently inter sheet sensing systems for graphene sensor have been reported which will be used in our model as well. We provide a new idea of electrochemical sensors based on the graphene application. In this paper carrier the concentration on the sensor as a function of gas concentration is reported. A field effect transistor (FET) base structure as a modeling platform is proposed. Gate voltage representing the gas concentration on the sensor, or in other words the gate voltage as a function of gas concentration can be employed. Finally the proposed model is used in simulation studies and evaluated by experimental result.

Bias-application in Hard X-ray Photoelectronic Study for Advanced Materials

We have elucidated the electronic states for Ru/SiON/Si(100) and Pt/HfO2/Pt structures under device operation by means of bias-application in hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (BA-HXPES). For the Ru/SiON/Si(100) structure, interface electronic states are increased and new states near the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum are formed compared to the case of the Ru/SiO2/Si(100) structure. This is because nitrogen atoms at the SiO2/Si interface cause bond breaking and weakened the Si-O and Si-Si bonds at the interface. For the Pt/HfO2/Pt structure, oxygen atoms migrate to the top electrode under forward bias, forming Pt-O bond at the Pt/HfO2 interface. Under reverse bias, on the other hand, oxygen and Hf atoms are migrated to the top electrode, resulting in the formation of Pt-O and Pt-Hf bonds at the interface. The migration and bond formation at the interface should form vacancy in the HfO2 film, which might induce resistance switching behavior in this system. Here, it is emphasized that we present our approach using BA-HXPES, which successfully detects the electronic states under device operation. Therefore BA-HXPES could be applicable to various kinds of advanced materials and will be indispensable for evaluating their physical properties in detail.

The Coming of Advanced Materials: A Personal View of the Contributions by Cambridge Scientists

AbstractThe highly significant contributions both directly and indirectly made to the study of condensed matter in general and to advanced materials in particular by a succession of Cambridge scientists over the early years of the past half century are adumbrated in the light of the conjunction of the 21st anniversary of the founding of this journal and the 800th anniversary of the University of Cambridge. So also are the reasons for the burgeoning growth in the last few decades of the preparation, characterization, and use of various kinds of advanced materials. A summary is also given of the author's own work in solid‐state and materials science, including a brief appraisal of recent strategies for the design of advanced catalysts for the production (under environmentally benign conditions) of a number of industrially important chemicals ranging from vitamins to commodities, such as adipic acid and terephthalic acid, and building blocks, such as styrene oxide, that are utilized in the manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes.

Bulk non-equilibrium alloys and porous glassy alloys with unique mechanical characteristics

This paper reviews our recent results on the developments and applications of the following four kinds of advanced materials having unique elastic properties in the absence of poisonous and allergic elements, i.e. (1) nanocrystalline Ti-based alloys with low Young's modulus, high tensile strength and high corrosion resistance, (2) new super-elastic Ti-based alloys with a large elastic strain up to 4% and high tensile strength, (3) new Pd-based bulk glassy alloy with a very low critical cooling rate of about 1 K/s, and (4) porous glassy Pd-based alloys with low Young's modulus, large plastic strain and high absorption energy up to failure. These promising properties caused by unique alloy designs and material morphology indicate the possibility that the newly developed advanced alloys are used in various engineering fields including biomedical materials.

Design and microstructures of Ti/TiAl/Al system functionally graded material

Since the concept of functionally graded materials (FGM) was proposed, a great deal of research work on such a kind of advanced material has been done worldwide for different applications. Recently, FGMs have come to show high potential for the application in dynamic high-pressure technology [1]. Shock wave techniques offer unique capabilities for the experimental characterization of material properties at very high pressures and strain rates [2]. But the usefulness of the shock wave experiments can be expanded by using a kind of material with a density gradient [1], from which extremely-high pressure can be offered at a much cooler temperature, and one can deduce some of the properties of different materials at the pressure and temperature. Recently, the application of graded-density layered materials in high-pressure technology has been reported [3]. However, they were only fabricated by bonding a series of thin plates such as Ta, Cu, Ti, Al, Mg and TPX-plastic, thus the density of the layered materials rises with great steps in the thickness direction. It is expected to achieve a better effect [1] by using a graded material with a continuous or quasi-continuous density change. Moreover, the graded material with a wide density range is desirable, namely, its density of one surface should be kept very low, while that of another surface should be kept as high as possible [1]. So far, many kinds of metal/metal [4, 5], metal/ ceramic [6, 7] or metal/polymer [8] FGMs have been reported. However, the density range is not wide enough to meet the demand in shock wave experiments. The authors designed the material system of W/Mo/Ti/Al/plastic to compose such a graded material. Only when high relative density of every transient layer of such a FGM is ensured can good performance be obtained in factual application. So, the densification of every part of the above graded material should be studied. According to the previous research results [9, 10], the W/Mo and Mo/Ti system FGMs can be densified by powder metallurgy method under the same sintering conditions of 1473 K—30 MPa—1 h. But, until now, the Ti/Al system FGM has not been specially studied. The purpose of this work is to design and fabricate this system graded material. It will be very difficult to directly densify the Ti/Al graded material because there exists a great difference in melting point between the metal Ti and Al. To solve this problem and to ensure that the density of Ti/Al system FGM changes quasi-continuously in the thickness direction, a transient phase of TiAl was introduced (Ti3Al and TiAl3 were not chosen, because the density of Ti3Al was too close to that of Ti, and because of great brittleness of TiAl3, respectively). That is, Ti/TiAl/Al system FGM is designed, in which Ti/TiAl part would be densified under the above sintering condition, while the TiAl side needs to be joined to metal Al with brazing method. The microstructures of this FGM are presented in this paper, and the formation mechanism of the graded microstructures as well as joining interface is also discussed. The TiAl was synthesized by thermal explosion reaction: First, high-purity Ti powders (−400 mesh) and Al powders (−300 mesh) were mixed mechanically in the atom ratio of 1 : 1. Then, the mixture was heated to 973 K at a heating rate of 25–30 K/min in a furnace with a flowing argon. Under this condition the thermal explosion reaction of Ti+Al=TiAl was occurred. Afterwards the reaction product was heated to 1473 K and held at that temperature for 30 min to improve its homogeneity. Finally, the cooled reaction product was smashed, ground and sieved through −400 mesh. Xray diffraction analysis (XRDA) method was applied to identify phases of the product, and the results show

既存建築物外壁の乾式改修に用いる部材の性能評価

This paper deals with proposals and experimental results on evaluation methods of flexural behaviors out of plane concerning about panel components for dry renewals of external walls. For utilizing various kinds of advanced materials, a new scale of flexural bearing capacity, namely effective first cracked flexural strength is proposed by considering ductility. GRC,aluminum, inorganic extruded materials and many kinds of hybrids, such asmetal-ceramics were experimentally examined to comply with a criterion of more than 7 MPa in the specific flexural strength presumed herein. Furthermore, relationships between flexural moment and curvature is proposed for designing the panels against various kinds of external forces.