Kiev School Research Articles

“Many people… tried to speak Ukrainian”. Ukraine 1917–1919 in the memories of General V. V. Bunyakovsky

The article is devoted to the analysis of unpublished memories of Major General V. V. Bunyakovsky about his life in 1917–1919 in Ukraine. Bunyakovsky’s memories are kept in the Russian State Military Historical Archives and in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, and were originally kept in the Russian Foreign Historical Archives in Prague. The preserved body of the general’s memories covers the period from the First World War to emigration, but one of the most interesting parts concerns the 1917–1919 period. In 1917–1918 Bunyakovsky was a member of the liquidation commission of the Nicholas Military School in Kiev, which he led; in the Ukrainian army of Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky in 1918 he was a member of the commission for the organization of military schools; in the Red Army in 1919 he headed the department of military educational institutions of the People’s Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR. The general was an eyewitness to large-scale historical events, including multiple changes of power in Kiev, met with a number of historical figures of that period and described his impressions in detail. Memories were written during his stay in exile in Serbia in the mid-1920s.

To the Issue of the Periodical Press of the Kiev School District in 1857−1917

To the Issue of the Periodical Press of the Kiev School District in 1857−1917

The philosophy of v. lisovoy in the context of discussions around the “kyiv world-view and philosophical school”

The article is devoted to the study of the Ukrainian realities of the second half of the 20th century, which are important for the revival of the collective memory of Ukrainians through the prism of the life path and the philosophical views of V. Lisovoy. The main attention is focused on the idea conceptualized in the writings of V. Tabachkovsky about the birth and development in the 60s and 80s of the 20th centuries in Kyiv of an original intellectual center – the “Kyiv worldview and anthropological school”. This pretentious, according to V. Lisovoy, definition caused a lively discussion on the pages of the “Krytika” magazine, to which V. Lisovoy also joined. As a direct witness of the events of the times of “stagnation” and the European intellectual level the philosopher, in contrast to a number of his contemporaries, V. Lisovoy made an attempt to consider the Ukrainian philosophy of the 60s-80s of the 20th century in the context of the methodological assets of the Western intellectual thought of that time. This approach allowed the Ukrainian scientist to refute the belief formed in the 90s of the 20th centuries about the existence and active development of the “Kiev school of worldview and philosophy” in the second half of the 20th century, thereby laying the foundations for rethinking the intellectual heritage of that time. This type of intelligence makes it possible to clarify, and in some cases to construct a clear idea of a certain community about itself, its culture, and with it its place and mission in the world, thereby uniting communities around the achievement of a certain goal.

Helena Biantovskaya Fedukowicz: An epitome of contagious passion and spirit.

Helena Biantovskaya Fedukowicz: An epitome of contagious passion and spirit.

Поджог как уголовное деяние в первых законодательных актах Древней Руси

The analysis of one of the most dangerous crimes of the period of Ancient Russia as a criminal act, which was greatly reflected in the first legislative monuments of this period, is arson. A comparison of the opinions of legal researchers, prominent historiosophists and historiographers of Russia regarding such a phenomenon as arson allowed us to see the formation of a system of punishments for this crime, its transformation during the IX – mid-XIII centuries. Through this phenomenon, the proprietorship principle of ownership is considered, which influenced the severity and complexity of repressive measures against arsonists, which allowed us to see different approaches to the establishment of penalties for arson, depending on the forms of ownership, which allowed us to identify the advanced development of legal principles for cities and their absence for forests and fields. The legal trend of a global nature in relation to this crime and its consequences is traced, and the great influence of the customary law of Russia on the compi-lation of the first written monuments of law is also noted. The persons who carried out the proceedings during this period were identified and the formation of the rudiments of the adversarial nature of the trial was revealed, the proof of which is the presence of a jury system and the functioning of a school in Kiev that trained future managers, tiuns, etc. Thus, the identification of historical legal experience allows you to create a more complete and objective history of formation and development the legislation of Russia, which is relevant, including for such a phenomenon as arson.

Public Resistance in the National Liberation Movement of Poles in Right-Bank Ukraine in the First Half of the 1860s (From the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

The article covers important manifestations and specifics of the protest culture of the Polish community within the South-Western region of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 1860s on the basis of analysis and synthesis of information from the documents of "Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General" (f.442) and "Office of the trustee of the Kiev school district" (f.707) of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). Defending one's own cultural identity as a driver of national development is connected with the awareness of the political interests and goals of the liberation struggle of Poles. The unique influence of the Polish question on historical processes, the configuration of international relations in Europe during the "long 19th century" determines the relevance and scientific significance of the study and thinking of the history of Polish national and cultural movement. Comprehensive study of the Polish question in the European history of the 19th century is an important part of the scientific perception of interethnic contradictions and antagonisms in the Russian Empire and the reaction of European diplomacy and public opinion, a deeper understanding of the essence of Russian-Polish cultural and civilizational confrontation and its impact on Ukrainian national life. Following the three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793, 1795) most of the territories of this formerly powerful European state were incorporated into the Russian Empire, there was a fierce struggle for cultural and ideological dominance in the region. The Polish national liberation movement of the 1860s, which culminated in the January Uprising of 1863-1864, developed against a background of broad social and cultural resistance to Russian autocracy, manifested in such protest actions as mourning and serving panikhads for dead Poles, singing patriotic Polish songs and hymns, public wearing of national costumes, participation in anti-government manifestations and demonstrations, refusal to read prayers for the emperor in churches, and so on. Clergy and educators, as well as students and pupils, were the driving force behind this protest movement, which had an international resonance

Questions of the laws and customs of war in the works of representatives of the Kiev school of international law of the XIX – early XX centuries)

This article explores the contribution of scientists, who’s scientific and teaching activities were associated with the Department of International Law of the University of St. Volodymyr in Kiev, in the development of problems of the law of war. In the XIX century began the process of codification of laws and customs of war, which is carried out in two directions – the protection of war victims (i.e., the Geneva law, which began with the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field 1864) and legal regulation of limits on methods and means of waging war (i.e. the Hague Law, which began with documents such as the Liber Code 1863, the St. Petersburg Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight 1868 and the draft Brussels Declaration Concerning the Laws and Customs of War 1874), which eventually led to adoption of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. It is not surprising, therefore, that the international legal doctrine of the nineteenth century in many countries has paid considerable attention to the study of issues related to the laws and customs of war. International lawyers, whose scientific activity was connected with St. Volodymyr's University in Kyiv, were no exception. All of them have published works on the general question of the relationship between war and international law, or the legal regulation of limits on methods and means of waging war and protecting the victims of war. This topic also dominates in their dissertation research, in particular the dissertation pro venia legendi by R. Baziner, master's dissertation by N. Rennenkampf, master's and doctoral dissertations by O. Eikhel’man and P Bogaevskii. Among the topics that were the subject of scientific research of pre-revolutionary Kyiv international lawyers can be identified general issues of the relationship between war and international law (V. Nezabitovskii), the law of naval warfare, in particular the inviolability of private property during naval war (N. Rennenkampf, R. Baziner), legal status of prisoners of war (O. Eichelman), rights and responsibilities of the occupying state (O. Eikhel’man), legal issues of the Red Cross (P. Bogaevskii), legal content and history of adoption Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field of August 22, 1864 (P. Bogaevskii).

Nonlinear boundary-value problems for degenerate differential-algebraic systems

The study of the differential-algebraic boundary value problems, traditional for the Kiev school of nonlinear oscillations, founded by academicians M.M. Krylov, M.M. Bogolyubov, Yu.A. Mitropolsky and A.M. Samoilenko. It was founded in the 19th century in the works of G. Kirchhoff and K. Weierstrass and developed in the 20th century by M.M. Luzin, F.R. Gantmacher, A.M. Tikhonov, A. Rutkas, Yu.D. Shlapac, S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko, O.A. Boichuk, V.P. Yacovets, C.W. Gear and others. In the works of S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko and V.P. Yakovets were obtained sufficient conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form and the structure of the general solution of the degenerate linear system was obtained. Assuming that the conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form were satisfied, O.A.~Boichuk obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and constructed a generalized Green operator of this problem. Based on this, later O.A. Boichuk and O.O. Pokutnyi obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problem, the linear part of which is a Noetherian differential algebraic boundary value problem. Thus, out of the scope of the research, the cases of dependence of the desired solution on an arbitrary continuous function were left, which are typical for the linear differential-algebraic system. Our article is devoted to the study of just such a case. The article uses the original necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and the construction of the generalized Green operator of this problem, constructed by S.M. Chuiko. Based on this, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary value problem were obtained. A typical feature of the obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear and weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary-value problem is its dependence on the means of fixing of the arbitrary continuous function. An improved classification and a convergent iterative scheme for finding approximations to the solutions of weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problems was constructed in the article.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF CIRCUS GENRE – “POWER ACROBATICS”

The article considers the stage method according to the genre "Circus Acrobatics", the technique “Power Acrobatics” in the context of art education of the circus movement. Analyzed research in the field of circus, the historical information of the Kiev school of circus acrobatics. Given the characteristics of the forms and techniques for solitary and pair acrobatics, to understand their specifics. Exercises in power acrobatics for students of the "Circus acrobatics" genre are described. Clarified the definition of "Power Acrobatics". Key words: circus art, circus genre, acrobatics, power acrobatics, circus acrobatics, scenic method, Kyiv municipal academy of Circus art.

Історико-психологічний аналіз ключових уявлень представників київської школи філософської психології про психіку людини кінця ХІХ- початку ХХ століття

Історико-психологічний аналіз ключових уявлень представників київської школи філософської психології про психіку людини кінця ХІХ- початку ХХ століття

Folklore and Mythological Symbolism of Lunar Images in the Poetry of Vasyl Holoborodko

The article considers the interpretation of the lunar symbols of V. Goloborodko's poetry in the folklore and mythological context. The poetry of this representative of the Kyiv School is analyzed in line with mythological representations of both world culture and ethno-national mental principles. The mythological thinking of the artist is represented through the verbal poetical system of images, axiology and ontology concepts, etc. The article establishes that, in the interpretation of the lunar mythology, V. Holoborodko refers to fairy tales, fantasy elements, folk symbols, magical and ritual actions, transfigurative metamorphoses, etc. The simile metaphors in the author's artistic texts are decoded through explanations of the author's individual cosmology. It is determined that the lunar symbols in the poetry of the "Kyiv man" are capable of transforming into objects, can float in water, magically affect nature and man, health and vigor, interact with spirits, dryads, mermaids, transform into a sensual image. In the poems by V. Golobolrodko, the symbol of the Moon is used in the texts that are stylized as folklore (fairy tales, legends, rituals, spells, etc.). Irrational perception of the image of the Night Orb becomes the basis for modeling the myth-poetic world picture of the representative of the Kiev School of Poetry. The paper proves that the myth-making of any writer is implemented through the ethno-mental foundations of the worldview, the archaic genomes of humanity, folk-poetic components, the collective subconscious and the empirical personal experience of the artist. Particular sensual images in poetic works operate in line with ancient ideas and beliefs, analytical and visual cogitative process, individual perception of concepts and the surrounding reality, specific emotional state. Lunar symbols in the poetry of V. Holoborodko are interpreted in conjunction with other verbal poetic images traditionally inherent in Ukrainian folklore.

Rehabilitation of patients with diabetes mellitus

The objective: to study the effectiveness of acupuncture in the complex rehabilitation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the basis of assessment of clinical parameters and quality of life (QOL).Materials and methods. 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined. The comparison group included 15 healthy individuals, who did not have any complaints about their health. All 55 examined were divided into three groups: Group I – 20 patients with type 2 diabetes with clinically pronounced lower limb angiopathy (LLA); Group II – 20 patients with type 2 diabetes with clinically significant LLA; ІІІ (control) group – 15 practically healthy persons, who did not have any complaints about the state of health. All patients with type 2 diabetes received adequate drug therapy, which included metformin or sulfonylureas in individually matched doses. In addition to treatment, Group II patients received a needle reflexotherapy course (RT) according to a methodology that was formed on the basis of the findings of the Kiev school of classical acupuncture and the Peking school, which included 11 sessions.Results. After the complex treatment, there was a decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations of LLA in both groups, but more significantly the treatment affected group II patients. It was found that the use of RT in the complex rehabilitation of patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as patients with concomitant LLA, positively influenced QOL.Conclusions. The article is devoted to the study of patients with type 2 diabetes, which proved that complex treatment with the using of acupuncture according to the proposed method led to a more significant dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters compared with the following groups of commonly accepted treatment: the blood supply to the legs increased by 7,76 % (p<0,001) versus 2,28% (p>0,05), foot blood supply – by 9,13% (p<0,01) versus 4,79% (p<0,05) (according to the rheovasography). The level of glucose decreased by 11,33% (p<0,01) versus 7,69% (p<0,005) and HbA1c was 4,46% (p<0,005) versus 1,71% (p>0,05) respectively, determined after 3 months under the complex of treatment, indicating the sustainability of the effect of the proposed integrated rehabilitation scheme. With a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of quality of life, it was found that in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus and angiopathy of the lower extremities, which included a course of acupuncture in the generally accepted treatment, a more significant positive dynamics of the indicator of mental status (increased by 17,75% (p<0.001) against 8,71% (p<0,005) respectively) and physical status (increased by 2,59% (p<0,05) versus 7,19% (p<0,05).

A role of Alexander Milovzorov is in development of modern blacksmith’s art

The present research covers the creative work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists, Alexander Petrovich Milovzorov. A. Milovzorov was born in Kiev in 1938. He studied at the Department of textile art of the Kiev school of applied arts. In 1968 he graduated from V. Muhina Leningrad commercial art college. His teachers were S. Nechiporenko, K. Mitrofanov, V. Markov. Since 1971 he has been the member of the union of artists of the USSR and then, consequently, of the Artists’ Union of Ukraine. This research aims to study the role of Kiev artist Alexander Petrovich Milovzorov in the process of revival of blacksmith art in Kiev artistic environment after fifty years of forced break, as well as the role of the artist in formation of the native school of professional decorative art, such as ceramic art, textile, and metal art. The contribution made by Alexander Milovzorov to the modern decorative art could be in the best characterized by the artworks created by the artists during the 1970s and 1980-s. Alexander Petrovich Milovzorov was the first Kiev professional artist, who managed to break free from the stereotypes of external and internal space organization, involving the lost traditional blacksmith art in line with other artistic devices. His example was a kickstart for the development of new direction of fine arts, such as metal art.

Парадоксы целостности человека в наследии Киевской философско-антропологической школы

Парадоксы целостности человека в наследии Киевской философско-антропологической школы

Киевская школа медиалингвистики

Расширение медиапространства, увеличение в нем речепроизводства и числа участников, медиатизация современного социума, глобальные информационные войны и использование СМИ в качестве инструмента этих войн, возрастание манипулятивного речевого воздействия в медиатекстах способствуют развитию медиалингвистики как научной дисциплины и внедрению медиаобразования в программу подготовки филологов. Интерес к данному направлению растет в разных странах, формируются исследовательские школы. На Украине исследование процессов развития языка массовой коммуникации связано с киевской школой медиалингвистики, представители которой сосредоточились на всестороннем изучении политических медиатекстов. В парадигме медиалингвистики изучаются актуальные дискурсивные практики политического, массмедийного, спортивного и досугового медиадискурсов. В статье рассматриваются основные научные направления исследования массмедийного коммуникативного пространства Украины на протяжении 2003 – 2015 гг.

Peculiarities of dynamics of physical development indices of primary school students during the physical education

Physical development of pupils of elementary grades of Kiev on somatometrichesky to indicators (length and mass of a body, OGK) and functional indicators of cardiorespiratory system in rest is considered and at functional tests (ChSS, a breath delay on a breath and on an exhalation, ZhEL). The comparative characteristic of the obtained data with data of other scientists therefore it is revealed a tendency of return of indicators of physical development of younger school students to the period of 1996 is carried out. Discrepancy and a certain imbalance in processes of growth and development of functions and systems of the Kiev school students which more corresponds to disharmonious level of physical development is established.

Works of the Kiev school of theoretical cryptography

This paper presents works of the Kiev school of theoretical cryptography that are carried out mainly during the last two decades in the fields of cryptographic methods of information security, cryptanalysis, and related mathematical disciplines.

ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing α- and β-Amino Acids: Recipes from Kiev, Ukraine

Naturally occurring compounds containing a C-F bond are extremely rare; only a handful of fluorine-containing carboxylic acids have been described so far. By contrast, man-made fluorine-containing derivatives of all major classes of biologically important compounds are extremely promising medicinal targets used in the elucidation of biochemical, metabolic transformations and the development of new pharmaceuticals. Among the fluorine-containing derivatives of natural products, fluorinated analogs of amino acids are of particular interest and medicinal potential. This article presents a concise review of various synthetic methods, developed by the Kiev's school of bioorganic chemistry, for the preparation of fluorine-containing analogs of α- and β-amino acids, α-hydroxy acids, amines, as well as their phosphorus and sulfur-derived compounds, in enantiomerically pure form. One of the major methodological goals of the study was practicality, which is understood by us as stereochemical generality, operational convenience and synthetic affordance for each reaction step and isolation of the target products. The synthetic methods developed by our group can be roughly divided in two general categories: fluorine-adaptation of known synthetic approaches and discovery of new reactions. The former approach is most prominently represented by asymmetric homologation of nucleophilic glycine equivalents using fluorinated substrates via alkyl halide alkylations, aldol and Michael addition reactions. A plethora of discovered unexpected reaction outcomes, in particular stereochemical, are emphasized in this review and the particular role of fluorine, in altering the 'normal' reaction result, is explained. The latter direction is notably represented by the novel 1,3-proton shift reaction, a biomimetic reductive amination of fluorinated carbonyl compounds to the corresponding amines and amino acids, as well as the development of α-fluoroalkyl epoxides as true fluorinated synthons for generalized asymmetric synthesis of various biologically relevant compounds. Despite the highly anticipated potential of fluorine-containing amino compounds, their medicinal chemistry still remains underexplored. The major obstacle, in our opinion, is that these selectively fluorinated compounds are generally unavailable to the medicinal chemists for comprehensive, systematic study. We hope this review of synthetic methods will highlight and bring attention to particular types of fluorinated amino acids and related compounds readily available on a laboratory scale using methods developed by our group.

Practical Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing α- and β-Amino Acids: Recipes from Kiev, Ukraine

Naturally occurring compounds containing a C-F bond are extremely rare; only a handful of fluorine-containing carboxylic acids have been described so far. By contrast, man-made fluorine-containing derivatives of all major classes of biologically important compounds are extremely promising medicinal targets used in the elucidation of biochemical, metabolic transformations and the development of new pharmaceuticals. Among the fluorine-containing derivatives of natural products, fluorinated analogs of amino acids are of particular interest and medicinal potential. This article presents a concise review of various synthetic methods, developed by the Kiev's school of bioorganic chemistry, for the preparation of fluorine-containing analogs of α- and β-amino acids, α-hydroxy acids, amines, as well as their phosphorus and sulfur-derived compounds, in enantiomerically pure form. One of the major methodological goals of the study was practicality, which is understood by us as stereochemical generality, operational convenience and synthetic affordance for each reaction step and isolation of the target products. The synthetic methods developed by our group can be roughly divided in two general categories: fluorine-adaptation of known synthetic approaches and discovery of new reactions. The former approach is most prominently represented by asymmetric homologation of nucleophilic glycine equivalents using fluorinated substrates via alkyl halide alkylations, aldol and Michael addition reactions. A plethora of discovered unexpected reaction outcomes, in particular stereochemical, are emphasized in this review and the particular role of fluorine, in altering the 'normal' reaction result, is explained. The latter direction is notably represented by the novel 1,3-proton shift reaction, a biomimetic reductive amination of fluorinated carbonyl compounds to the corresponding amines and amino acids, as well as the development of α-fluoroalkyl epoxides as true fluorinated synthons for generalized asymmetric synthesis of various biologically relevant compounds. Despite the highly anticipated potential of fluorine-containing amino compounds, their medicinal chemistry still remains underexplored. The major obstacle, in our opinion, is that these selectively fluorinated compounds are generally unavailable to the medicinal chemists for comprehensive, systematic study. We hope this review of synthetic methods will highlight and bring attention to particular types of fluorinated amino acids and related compounds readily available on a laboratory scale using methods developed by our group.

"Kyiv School of Philosophy": basic ideas and features

The article considers the Kiev school of philosophy that emerged in the twentieth century. , But continue old traditions Ukrainian philosophizing.