Control Kids Research Articles

Impact of the culturally adapted kids in control of food (KICk OFF) educational program on glycemic control and BMI in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait: A retrospective study

AimsTo examine the effectiveness of the culturally adapted Kids in Control Of Food (KICk OFF) structured educational program on glycemic control and BMI z-scores (BMIz) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 161 adolescents aged 11–16 years with type 1 diabetes who participated in the culturally adapted KICk OFF program at Dasman Diabetes Institute from 2019 to 2023. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and BMIz were assessed from baseline to six months post-program using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, respectively. ResultsAfter six months post-program, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (mean ± standard deviation) from 9.3 ± 1.8 % (78 ± 20 mmol/mol) to 8.9 ± 1.7 % (74 ± 19 mmol/mol), P <0.0001. The greatest improvements observed in participants with baseline HbA1c >9.5 % (reduction of 0.70 % [8 mmol/mol]) and those with HbA1c 7.5–9.5 % (reduction of 0.32 % [4 mmol/mol]). There was a slight increase in median BMIz by 0.08 (interquartile range –0.04–0.22). ConclusionsThe culturally adapted KICk OFF program shows a potential in improving glycemic control among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, particularly in those with initially suboptimal control. Future research through randomized controlled trials and over longer periods is recommended to validate these results.

1197-P: Effect of the "Kids in Control of Food" Program on Glycemia in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes—A Retrospective Analysis

1197-P: Effect of the "Kids in Control of Food" Program on Glycemia in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes—A Retrospective Analysis

Correlation between impulse oscillometry parameters and test for respiratory and asthma control in kids (TRACK) in asthma control of preschoolers with asthma

Little research has been conducted to evaluate the correlation between impulse oscillometry (IOS), Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), and Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids (TRACK). This study was conducted at China Medical University Hospital between September 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021. Children aged 2-6 years who had been diagnosed with asthma with acute exacerbation were enrolled and followed-up until the end of the study. Correlations between the parameters of IOS, C-ACT and TRACK were assessed. The validity and reliability of TRACK were verified. A total of 114 children with asthma and acute exacerbations were recruited. Their mean age was 4.1±1.1 years, and 60.5% were males. After a year of treatment, the change of R5-R20 from baseline 0.64±0.38kPa/L/s to 12th month 0.48±0.2kPa/L/s (p=0.022). TRACK and C-ACT scores were significantly correlated during the observation period. R5-R20 in IOS at baseline and at the 12th month of follow-up as well as the change in IOS parameters were significantly associated with C-ACT (p=0.003, 0.015, and 0.001, respectively). R5% and R5-R20 changes in IOS were associated with TRACK (p=0.04 and 0.025, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity of TRACK were 80.8% (67.5-90.4) and 100% (94.1-100), respectively, with cut-off points >95 and AUC 93.8%. TRACK score appears to have a stronger association with the IOS parameter than C-ACT score. Our findings indicate that TRACK is a valid tool for assessing asthma control in preschool children.

167-LB: Knowledge Retention and Glycemic Control in Participants of Kids in Control of Food (KICk OFF) Program—Virtual vs. On-Site

Introduction: Kids In Control Of Food (KICk OFF) is a structured educational program for children with T1D from ages 11 to 16 years old. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the program was adapted and delivered virtually to accommodate regulations. It is unclear whether the virtual adaptation provides the same learning experience and effect on glycemic control as the original on-site version. Objectives: To compare both HbA1c and knowledge retention between participants who completed the program virtually versus on-site. Methods: A knowledge retention test of 15 questions was developed addressing the main diabetes concepts explained during KICk OFF: diabetes, insulin, carbohydrate counting, etc. This test was distributed to all the participants (virtual/on-site) 6 months after the completion of the course. Their knowledge retention tests were scored as a percentage of correct answers to total questions. HbA1c was recorded at baseline and 6 months. A t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 43 participants attended KICk OFF (23 on-site, 20 virtual). A significantly higher knowledge retention test score was achieved in the on-site group (p-value=0.015) (Table 1). An insignificant reduction of HbA1c of 0.3% was observed in the on-site group after 6 months, and no reduction in the virtual group (Table 2). Table 1: Mean retention test scores for the on-site and virtual participants. Table 2: Mean HbA1c for the on-site and virtual participants. Discussion: Although virtual KICk OFF was necessary during COVID-19, the results indicated a superiority in the on-site KICk OFF course in terms of knowledge retention, as well as HbA1c reduction. Further research is recommended. Disclosure R. Almatrook: None. N. Taha: None. Z. Rahme: None. A. Alqabandi: None.

Comparison of Almond Oil Plus Phenol and Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate for Rectal Prolapse in Children

Rectal prolapse in children should be treated as a medical emergency, therefore parents and carers should speak with a doctor about the best course of action. Additionally, it's critical to keep an eye out for any indicators of difficulties in the child, such as bleeding, infection, or faecal incontinence, and to seek medical help right. Methods and Material: One hundred patients were enrolled in the trial and were split evenly between two groups. Patients in cases were administered Phenol in Almond Oil at a 5% concentration, whereas those in control were given Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate. Both groups were monitored for recurrence and complications on the first post-operative day and during the first post-operative month. Results: Children in cases had a mean age of 5.633.34 years, whereas those in control had a mean age of 7.162.80 years. There were 46 kids in cases and 39 kids in control. There was a statistically significant (P 0.05) correlation between treatment groups and decrease on day one after surgery. After the first postoperative day, 5 children in cases and 1 kid in control experienced bleeding PR. A post-POD increase in bleeding PR was not significantly different across treatment groups (P &gt; 0.05). At the one-month follow-up, 49 of the children in cases and 44 of those in control showed signs of improvement. The proportion of patients in cases who saw their symptoms improve was significantly higher than that of individuals in control (P 0.05). Conclusion: In the treatment of rectal prolepses, we have come to the conclusion that phenol almond oil with a concentration of 5% is more efficient than sodium tetradecyl sulphate. In other words, the post-operative decline was 98% rather than 88% following the first month of follow-up care. Keywords: Rectal Prolapse in children, almond oil plus phenol, sodium tetradecyl, bleeding, recurrence

Kids in Control: Educational Activity and Devices for International School Students

Kids in Control is a control-centered workshop that has been conceived for promoting STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills and inclusion for kids from 8 to 10 years old. It includes activities and devices developed to improve the learning process, while fostering the creation of a new teaching and learning style, based on the most advanced digital technologies. It also aims at being firmly rooted in the foundations of pedagogy and in the interaction between teacher and learner. In this paper, we present the developments of such a project - sponsored by the IFAC Activity Fund action and supported by the IFAC Technical Committee 9.2. Systems and Control for Societal Impact (Chair: Mariana Netto, Univ. Gustave Eiffel) - with reference to its version specifically dedicated to International Schools.

Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent children: outcomes after congenital heart surgery.

Children with exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 in recent times (asymptomatic or symptomatic infection) approaching congenital heart surgery programme are in increasing numbers. Understanding outcomes of such children will help risk-stratify and guide optimisation prior to congenital heart surgery. The objective of the present study was to determine whether convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 children undergoing congenital heart surgery have any worse mortality or post-operative outcomes. Consecutive children undergoing congenital heart surgery from Oct 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled after testing for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test and immunoglobulin G antibody prior to surgery. Convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 was defined in any asymptomatic patient positive for immunoglobulin G antibodies and negative for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test anytime 6 weeks prior to surgery. Control patients were negative for any of the three tests. Mortality and post-operative outcomes were compared among the groups. One thousand one hundred and twenty-nine consecutive congenital heart surgeries were stratified as convalescence and control. Coronavirus disease 2019 Convalescent (n = 349) and coronavirus disease 2019 control (n = 780) groups were comparable for all demographic and clinical factors except younger and smaller kids in control. Convalescent children had no higher mortality, ventilation duration, ICU and hospital stay, no higher support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, high flow nasal cannula, no higher need for re-intubations, re-admissions, and no higher infections as central line-associated bloodstream infection, sternal site infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia on comparison with coronavirus disease 2019 control children. Convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 does not have any unfavourable outcomes as compared to coronavirus disease 2019 control children. Positive immunoglobulin G antibody screening prior to surgery is suggestive of convalescence and supports comparable outcomes on par with control peers.

The effect of fresh bergamot pulp on fatty acid composition of suckling kids

The objective of the study was to assess the effect of fresh bergamot pulp in lactating goat diets to determine its effects on milk and suckling kid fatty acid composition. Eighteen pregnant does were randomly assigned to two groups of two different diets: alfalfa hay (1 kg/head/day), supplemented with commercial concentrate (1 kg/head/day–Control diet) or the same concetrate (700 g/head/day) supplemented with fresh bergamot pulp (2 kg/head/day–FBP diet). Kids were reared in individual pens and fed on their mother’s milk. At 45 days of age, kids were slaughtered. Rumenic acid was higher in milk and in meat from animals from FBP group than Control one (P < 0.001). Total n-3 PUFA were higher (P < 0.01) in FBP kids as a result of the higher level (P < 0.01) of α-linolenic acid compared to Control kids. Linoleic and arachidonic acids were higher (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) in Control kids compared to FBP ones. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with fresh bergamot pulp to goats improved nutritional quality of kid meat.

Characterization of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality of goat kids born to does with pregnancy toxemia.

BackgroundPregnancy toxemia is a common metabolic disease of periparturient small ruminants. Information on its effects on metabolism and perinatal adaptation of newborn lambs and kids is lacking.ObjectivesEvaluate differences in morbidity, mortality, and common biochemical and hematologic variables between pregnancy toxemia kids (PT) and control kids (CON).AnimalsSixteen kids born to does being treated at the hospital for pregnancy toxemia (blood beta‐hydroxybutyrate concentration [BHB] > 1.2 mmol/L) and 12 kids from healthy dams (dam BHB < 1.2 mmol/L) that kidded at the hospital.MethodsIn this cohort study, serial measurements of blood l‐lactate, glucose, and BHB concentrations, arterial blood gases, hematocrit, total protein concentrations, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) concentrations, and body weight were compared between groups over the first 72 hours of life. Long‐term follow‐up was performed after 3 months.ResultsPregnancy toxemia kids were more likely to require tube feeding at 0 and 12 hours (relative risk 7.7 [1.13, 52.45] and 2.8 [1.39, 5.65]). Pregnancy toxemia kids were more acidemic (7.26 ± 0.069 vs 7.34 ± 0.079, P = .003) and hyperlactatemic (8.17 ± 2.57 vs 5.48 ± 2.71, P = .003) at birth than CON kids. Control kids were 1.1 [1.01, 1.77] times more likely to survive to discharge and 2.2 [1.15, 4.20] times more likely to survive to 3 months than PT kids.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePregnancy toxemia kids had higher short‐ and long‐term mortality and were more likely to require perinatal intervention. Weight loss in the first few days could be a useful predictor of nonsurvival.

Inoculation with rumen fluid in early life accelerates the rumen microbial development and favours the weaning process in goats

BackgroundNewborn ruminants possess an underdeveloped rumen which is colonized by microorganisms acquired from adult animals and the surrounding environment. This microbial transfer can be limited in dairy systems in which newborns are separated from their dams at birth. This study explores whether the direct inoculation of fresh or autoclaved rumen fluid from adult goats to newborn kids has a beneficial effect on rumen microbial development and function.ResultsRepetitive inoculation of young kids with fresh rumen fluid from adult goats adapted to forage (RFF) or concentrate diets (RFC) accelerated microbial colonization of the rumen during the pre-weaning period leading to high protozoal numbers, a greater diversity of bacterial (+ 234 OTUs), methanogens (+ 6 OTUs) and protozoal communities (+ 25 OTUs) than observed in control kids (CTL) without inoculation. This inoculation also increased the size of the core bacterial and methanogens community and the abundance of key rumen bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Fibrobacteres, Veillonellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Tenericutes), methanogens (Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanomicrobium mobile and Group 9), anaerobic fungi (Piromyces and Orpinomyces) and protozoal taxa (Enoploplastron, Diplodinium, Polyplastron, Ophryoscolex, Isotricha and Dasytricha) before weaning whereas CTL kids remained protozoa-free through the study. Most of these taxa were positively correlated with indicators of the rumen microbiological and physiological development (higher forage and concentrate intakes and animal growth during the post-weaning period) favoring the weaning process in RFF and RFC kids in comparison to CTL kids. Some of these microbiological differences tended to decrease during the post-weaning period, although RFF and RFC kids retained a more complex and matured rumen microbial ecosystem than CTL kids. Inoculation with autoclaved rumen fluid promoted lower development of the bacterial and protozoal communities during the pre-weaning period than using fresh inocula, but it favored a more rapid microbial development during the post-weaning than observed for CTL kids.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that inoculation of young ruminants with fresh rumen fluid from adult animals accelerated the rumen microbial colonization which was associated with an earlier rumen functional development. This strategy facilitated a smoother transition from milk to solid feed favoring the animal performance during post-weaning and minimizing stress.

The influence of selenium deficiency on chosen biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in muscles of goat kids.

The research was conducted on 40 young alpine goats (kids) divided into two groups. First group consisted of 20 kids demonstrating clinical signs of muscular dystrophy. Second group was a control and consisted of 20 animals that received intramuscular injection (2ml per animal) of vitamin E and selenium preparation containing in 1ml 50 mg of tocopherol acetate, 0.5mg of sodium selenite and solvent on 2nd day of life. The kids were clinically examined and blood for laboratory analyses was sampled three times from day 5 of their life in 10 day intervals. In addition, six 24 days old kids demonstrating clinical signs of muscular dystrophy and six control kids were subjected to biceps femoris biopsy. Serum total protein, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol as well as AST, CK and LDH were determined in all the animals. In addition, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was determined in whole blood and serum concentrations of selenium and vitamin E were deter-mined in 6 kids from each group. Total lactate dehydrogenase activity and its separation into isoenzymatic fractions were determined in the collected biopsy material. The muscle samples collected were additionally subjected to histopathological examination consisting of HE staining and HBFP staining to detect necrotic muscle fibers. Symptoms of muscular dystrophy began to appear in the first group between 17 and 23 days of age and included tremors of the limbs, poor posture, stilt gait and increased time of laying. The control animals did not show any symptoms of the disease during the experiment. Hypo-proteinemia, hypoglycemia, cholesterol reduction and elevated triglycerides level associated with lipolysis of adipose tissue have been found in the sick kids. A significant decrease in selenium, vitamin E and activity of glutathione peroxidase levels was observed in the kids with symptoms of muscular dystrophy. The activity of AST, CK and LDH was significantly higher in the animals with symptoms of the disease as well. Five isoenzymes were obtained in the electrophoretic separation of lactate dehydrogenase into isoenzymatic fractions in the muscle tissue. LDH4and LDH5 isoenzymes were dominating, and a significant increase in LDH5 fraction of the sick animals was also observed. Histopathological examination of muscle samples from sick animals revealed changes characteristic for the presence of Zenker necrosis.

Piloting a Culturally Adapted Arabic Structured Small-Group Education Program for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Background:Kuwait has a high prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D). At present there is a need for structured educational programs (SEP) specifically tailored for Arabian youth with T1D. This SEP was locally and culturally adapted from the Kids In Control of Food (KICk-OFF) course delivered at the Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait. Aims:To explore the psychological and social impact of a pilot SEP for Arabian youth with T1D and their mothers through exploring their respective perspectives. Methods:All 20 participants were interviewed using semistructured interviews individually, with a duration of approximately 30-45 min. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Results:The adolescents gained more self-confidence in managing their diabetes and their mothers were more confident in allowing their children take the lead in their diabetes self-management. Participants were empowered with adequate knowledge about the underlying pathophysiology of glucose metabolism and the nutritional and pharmacological management which made them feel in control and helped them to better cope with diabetes. It reduced diabetes-related family stress and gave them more social freedom, supporting behavioral change for a better lifestyle. Conclusions:Attending the adapted SEP had a positive impact on adolescents with T1D and their mothers through enhancement of their knowledge and confidence, thus giving them a sense of disease control. This pilot study has proven effective in terms of enhancement of confidence in diabetes management and psychosocial factors. Therefore, there is a need for a wider implementation.

Linseed oil and heated linseed grain supplements have different effects on rumen bacterial community structures and fatty acid profiles in cashmere kids1.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with alternative sources of α-linolenic acid on growth, the composition of rumen microbiota, and the interactions between rumen microbiota and long-chain fatty acid (FA) concentrations, in goat kids. Sixty 4-month-old castrated male Albas white cashmere kids (average BW 18.6 ± 0.1 kg) were randomly allocated among three dietary treatments: (i) basal diet without supplementation (Control), (ii) basal diet supplemented with linseed oil (LSO), (iii) basal diet supplemented with heated linseed grain (HLS). The concentrate:forage ratio was 5:5 and the LSO and HLS treatments provided the kids with similar dietary FA profiles. The diets were fed for 104 d, consisting of 14 d for adaptation followed by 90 d of experimental observation. Treatment did not significantly influence BW, DMI, or bacterial richness or diversity. On the other hand, the relative abundance of bacteria participating in hydrogenation differed significantly among the three groups: the Veillonellaceae and Christensenellaceae were more abundant in LSO kids, Prevotellaceae were more abundant in HLS kids, and the Fibrobacteriaceae were more abundant in Control kids (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Ruminobacter, Selenomonas_1, Fretibacterium, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Succinimonas, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group were the genera that participated in hydrogenation of long-chain FAs. HLS-fed kids had a lower relative abundance of Ruminobacter, but a higher abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Fretibacterium than LSO-fed kids. These changes were associated with greater rumen concentrations of C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA, but lower concentrations of n-6 PUFA and lower n-6/n-3 ratios, in HLS than in LSO-fed kids. In conclusion, feeding kids with HLS increased rumen concentrations of C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA, but decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio by decreasing the abundance of bacteria that hydrogenate C18:3n3 and increasing the abundance of bacteria that hydrogenate C18:2n6.

Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents.

Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents.

Field evaluation of the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine against tuberculosis in goats

BackgroundControl of animal tuberculosis (TB) through vaccination has emerged as a long-term strategy to complement test and slaughter control strategy. A pilot trial under field conditions was conducted in a goat herd with high TB prevalence to assess the efficacy of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine.ResultsTwenty-three goat kids vaccinated with BCG and other 22 unvaccinated control kids were euthanized at 18 months post-vaccination. Gross pathological and histopathological examination of target tissues was performed for detection of tuberculous lesions and assessment of vaccine efficacy. Mycobacterial culture and DNA detection were used to confirm Mycobacterium caprae infection. Vaccination significantly reduced the number of animals with TB lesions compared to unvaccinated controls (35% and 77%, respectively; P < 0.01). This reduction was even higher if only extra-pulmonary infection was considered (17% and 68%, respectively; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis trial demonstrates that BCG vaccination of goats can significantly reduce the TB lesion rates in high disease exposure conditions, indicating that vaccination could contribute to the control of TB in domestic goats.

Organoleptic and physico-chemical evaluation of capretto baladi goats: a value-added meat alternative in an extensive rearing system.

The local Baladi breed is considered a common source of fresh meat in Lebanon. Due to the extensive rearing system and the scarcity of pasture, kids resulting from multiple births are not reared, though cultural preference for young meat may valorize these twin kids as an expensive delicacy. Few studies observed growth parameters, physical-chemical and sensory properties of meat in Baladi kids. Therefore, 24 male Baladi kids were fed milk ad libitum post-natally for 24 days, after which 9 were randomly selected and fed pasture grass ad libitum and goat milk (Control), and 15 were fed only milk (Capretto) twice per day. Animals were slaughtered at 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age and body organs compared. Feed intake was measured by weighing kids pre- and post- feeding, and body weight measured twice per week. Meat chemical properties were total ether-extracted fat, kjeldhal protein, and minerals. Meat organoleptic properties were evaluated by consumers for color, taste, odor, richness, juiciness, tenderness and overall appreciation, as cooked by housewives or professionals. Data were analyzed as a CRD using SPSS 10.0 and presented as LSMeans ± SEM. Results showed that Capretto consumed increasing levels of milk from 4 to 8 weeks, with ADG decreasing (P&lt;0.05) from 4 to 8 weeks. Capretto showed 5% less (P&lt;0.05) weight than control kids. Carcass yield was higher (P&lt; 0.05) for Capretto (44.5 ± 3.4 %) than control (36.3 ± 3.3%), with Capretto showing smaller viscera and lower hemoglobin. Both blood and meat (protein, cholesterol) composition did not differ (P&gt;0.05) between Capretto and control, although capretto showed lower (p&lt;0.05) meat fat content than control kids. Meat organoleptic characteristics were desirable at weeks 4 and 6 for both Capretto and control kids, whereas only Capretto meat stayed desirable at week 8. To conclude, Capretto kids have similar properties to their traditional counterparts, with added desirable properties for a longer growing period, in addition to the increased health benefit of lower fat content.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED EDUCATION IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE-1 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Kids in Control OF Food (KICk-OFF) is a 5-day structured education program for 11- to 16-year-olds with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who are using multiple daily insulin injections. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the KICk-OFF education program compared with the usual care using data from the KICk-OFF trial. The short-term within-trial analysis covers the 2-year postintervention period. Data on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), severe hypoglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were collected over a 2-year follow-up period. Sub-group analyses have been defined on the basis of baseline HbA1c being below 7.5 percent (58.5 mmol/mol) (low group), between 7.5 percent and 9.5 percent (80.3 mmol/mol) (medium group), and over 9.5 percent (high group). The long-term cost-effectiveness evaluation has been conducted by using The Sheffield Type 1 Diabetes Policy Model, which is a patient-level simulation model on T1DM. It includes long-term microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular (myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, and angina) diabetes-related complications and acute adverse events (severe hypoglycemia and DKA). The most favorable within-trial scenario for the KICk-OFF arm led to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £23,688 (base year 2009) with a cost-effectiveness probability of 41.3 percent. Simulating the long-term complications using the full cohort data, the mean ICER for the base case was £28,813 (base year 2011) and the probability of the KICk-OFF intervention being cost-effective at £20,000/QALY threshold was 42.6 percent, with considerable variation due to treatment effect duration. For the high HbA1c sub-group, the KICk-OFF arm was "dominant" (meaning it provided better health gains at lower costs than usual care) over the usual care arm in each scenario considered. For the whole study population, the cost-effectiveness of KICk-OFF depends on the assumption for treatment effect duration. For the high baseline HbA1c sub-group, KICk-OFF arm was estimated to be dominant over the usual care arm regardless of the assumption on the treatment effect duration.

Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Antioxidant Enzymes and Bioavailability in Goats

To assess the antioxidant effect of selenium (Se) yeast and sodium selenite, 18 non-descript male kids (2–3 months old, 6.63±0.24 kg body weight) were divided into three groups (6 each) following completely randomized design. Animals in the control group (T1) were fed concentrate mixture and oat straw ad libitum, while animals in T2 and T3 were additionally supplemented with 0.30 mg selenium/kg of diet through Se yeast and sodium selenite, respectively. RBC GSH-Px activity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 as compared to T1. CAT activity of erythrocytes increased significantly (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 kids compared to control kids. Malonaldehyde (MDA) values were significantly (P<0.05) lower in T2 and T3 as compared to control. The SOD enzyme activity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in kids supplemented with organic Se compared to other groups The mean Se levels in serum of kid at 180 days of the experiment were 210, 330 and 265 ppb in T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. It was found that supplementation of selenium both in organic and inorganic form significantly (P<0.05) increased antioxidant enzymes activity and Se bioavailability in goats, organic Se was more effective than inorganic Se.

The cost-effectiveness of the KIds in control of food structured education programme for adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Junior KICk-OFF (kids in control of food)-developing structured education for primary school age children

Junior KICk-OFF (kids in control of food)-developing structured education for primary school age children