Kharif Onion Research Articles

Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and yield of kharif onion

Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and yield of kharif onion

Impact of frontline demonstration on the knowledge and adoption level of farmers during kharif onion production in North Alluvial plains of Bihar

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the technology of kharif onion production with the use of improved kharif onion variety Bhima Super during kharif seasons of the years 2020–2021 and 2022–2023 at farmer’s field of various locations under the guidance of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birauli, Samastipur, Bihar. The investigation included measures like yield and economic performance, technology gap, extension gap, frontline demonstration technology index, and respondent farmer’s degree of adoption of the demonstration. Over the course of the study’s two years, it was found that there was a 19.74% enhancement in bulb yield above local check and that the average B:C ratio under the demonstration plot was 3.98 which was higher than that of control plots 2.19. When enhanced quality seed was adopted, the extent of adoption increased to 47.12 percent. The study displays the technology index (22.64%), the average technical gap (81.22 q/ha), and the extension gap (62.98 q/ha). Current research highlights the potentiality of frontline demonstration for dissemination of technology at the grassroots level.

Exploring the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Kharif onion (Allium cepa L.): principal component and path coefficient analysis

Exploring the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Kharif onion (Allium cepa L.): principal component and path coefficient analysis

Effects of set size and planting date on yield, quality and shelf life of kharif onion under low hill region of himachal pradesh

The experiment was conducted at an experimental farm to find out the optimum set size and suitable planting date of onion during kharif season for obtaining the maximum yield. The trials had three replications and 16 treatment combinations on Agrifound Dark Red. The treatments included four set sizes (small 1-1.5cm, medium 1.5-2.0cm, large 2.0-2.5cm, and extra large >2.5cm) and four planting dates (July 10, July 25, August 10, and August 25). The treatment combination of 1.5-2.0cm set size and 10th August planting was advantageous for several characteristics. Small sets (1-1.5 cm) produced small bulbs and also the yield was reduced. Large and exceptionally large size sets (2.0-2.5cm and >2.5cm) produced more twins, triplets, split bulbs, and bolting, which were undesirable features. Considering net profit and economic yields, medium set size and planting on August 10th was found to be more profitable (1: 3.84). Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 17-23, 2024 (March)

Genetic variability appraisal and inter-relationships between different quantitative and qualitative traits in diverse late kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes

Genetic variability appraisal and inter-relationships between different quantitative and qualitative traits in diverse late kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes

Effect of dates of transplanting on bulb yield and quality of kharif onion cultivars

Effect of dates of transplanting on bulb yield and quality of kharif onion cultivars

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Late Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.) Under the Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India

Aim: Onions, (Allium cepa L.) is one of the highly significant bulbs crops extensively cultivated in India. The investigation entitled “Evaluation of different genotypes of Late Kharif Onion (Allium Cepa L.) under the Gangetic plains of West Bengal”is aimed at suggesting the more locally suitable genotypes to the farmer as well as the researchers.
 Study Design: The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with seven genotypes and they were randomized in three replications. This Experiment deals with seven different late kharif onion genotypes which consist of viz. Bhima Shakti, Bhima Kiran, Bhima Raj, DOGR-1605, NHRDF-Red-2, DOGR-1606 and PRO-7.
 Place and Duration of Study: The research investigation was conducted at C-Block farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during the year 2022- 2023.
 Methodology: 30 days old seedlings were transplanted at 15 cm between lines and 10 cm within it. All other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Harvesting of bulbs was done at maturity stage. Biometrical observations and yield attributing characters were recorded from randomly selected 10 plants from each replication and the quality parameters were evaluated from randomly selected 5 plants.
 Results: From the present investigation it was found that the late kharif onion genotype Bhima Shakti emerged with the highest yield (285.80 q-ha) but in terms of other quality parameters the genotype NHRDF-Red-2 found quite good in TSS (14.12 ̊ B) and pyruvic acid content of (6.24 µmol-g), whereas genotypes Bhima Raj, exhibits lowest total sugar of (2.40 %) and reducing sugar of (2.13%).
 Conclusion: Although from the above experiment it may be concluded that in case of late kharif onion genotypes the genotypes Bhima Shakti, Bhima Raj and NHRDF-Red-2 performed well.

Assessment of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Genotypes for Horticultural Traits During Kharif Season

The present investigation entitled “Assessment of onion (Allium Cepa L.) genotypes for horticultural traits during kharif season” was conducted at C”-Block farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during the year 2022- 2023. The experiment was conducted in simple randomized block design (RBD) with seven genotypes and they were randomized in three replications. This Experiment deals with seven different kharif onion genotypes which consist of (viz. DOGR-1627, N-53, Bhima Super, Balwan, Bhima Dark Red, Baswant-780 and Agrifound Dark Red). Through the current investigation the genotype DOGR-1627 was found better than the others in terms of yield (491.49 q-ha), double bulb percentage (2.96 %), neck thickness (5.59 mm) and days taken for maturity (124.67 days) as well as for harvesting (139.00 days). But in terms of quality parameters the genotype Balwan showed maximum Total soluble solids (TSS) of (14.30 ̊ B), Bhima dark red in total sugar percentage (2.47 %), reducing sugar percentage (2.25 %) and the highest polar diameter was recorded from the genotype Basawant-780 (59.57 mm). The genotypes from kharif group could be selected for further improvement and breeding work in future in this particular growing region. Although from the above experiment it may be concluded that in case of Kharif onion, the genotype DOGR-1627 found to be an ideal genotype in respect to marketable yield, neck thickness, double bulb percentage and days taken for maturity.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributing Parameters of Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Aim: The objective of the research was to study the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on the yield attributing parameters of kharif onion.
 Study Design: The field experiment was carried out in Randomised Block Design (RBD).
 Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur U.P during the kharif seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23.
 Methodology: An experiment was carried out during Kharif season in the years, of 2021-22 and 2022-23 both the year same time at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of T1- Control: T2- 100% RDF (NPK @ 120:60:80 kg/ha; T3- 75% RDF+ FYM 6 t/ha: T4- 75%RDF+ Vermicompost@2 t/ ha; T5- 75%RDF+FYM @ 3t/ha+vermicompost@1 t/ha ;T6- 75% RDF + FYM @ 3 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 1t/ha+ Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each):T7‑ 50% RDF + FYM @ 12t/ha; T8-50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 4t/ha: T9- 50%RDF+ FYM @ 6t/ha + Vermicompos @ 2t/ha: T10- 50%RDF + FYM @ 6t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2t/ha + Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each).
 Results: Results revealed that the treatment T10 (50% RDF +FYM @ 6 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2t/ha+ Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5kg/ha each) performed better with respect to yield attributing parameters characters such as Average bulb weight, A, B, C grade bulb percentage, days takes to harvesting, bolting percentage of bulb and double bulb Percentage.
 Conclusion: The study underscores the crucial need to shift towards Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), incorporating both organic and inorganic fertilizers. This transition is essential to protect soil fertility, maintain ecosystem health, and ensure sustainable food production for future generations.

Assessment, estimation and economic performance of different Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties under Malwa Plateau of Madhya Pradesh

A farm testing trial (OFT) was conducted on the 13 farmers’ fields of the Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh to assess the most of assessing variety of Kharif onion for two consecutive years i.e. 2018-19 and 2019-20. The present study revealed that onion variety Bhima Dark Red (BDR) performed better for most of the growth parameters, yield and yield attributing traits and economic performance as well as gross and net returns compared to Bhima Super and N-53 varieties. Maximum plant height (63.72 cm), number of leaves per plant (13.17), leaf length (51.85 cm), bulb diameter (5.95 cm), fresh weight of bulb (102.53 g), cured weight of bulb (93.38 g), bulb yield (262.56 q/ha), minimum neck thickness of bulb (1.10 cm) and bolting percentage (0.70%) were observed in Bhima Dark Red. Bhima Dark Red variety recorded an additional net return of Rs. 71,541 and Rs. 198667 over Bhima Super and N-53. Highest B: C ratio was obtained with Bhima Dark Red (6.74) as compared to Bhima Super (5.47) and N-53 (3.42), respectively.

Performance on yield and economics of Kharif onion varieties under Malwa Plateau condition of M. P.

Performance on yield and economics of Kharif onion varieties under Malwa Plateau condition of M. P.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Various Varieties on Seedling Growth of Late Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Assam

Experiments were conducted on sandy loam soil of Horticulture Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment was conducted on “The effect of different sowing dates and various varieties on seedling growth of late kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) in Assam.” Fifteen treatment combinations comprising of five onion varieties viz., Arka Kalyan, Bhima Dark Red, Agrifound Dark Red, Bhima Super and Bhima Red and three dates of sowing viz., 25th August, 5th September and 15th September were tested in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. At the nursery stage, on the basis of pooled data, the relationship of different growth characters with various varieties and different dates of sowing revealed that variety Bhima Super sowing on 25th August (D1V4) was the best in the number of leaves (3.77), fresh weight of seedling (344.16 mg) and dry weight of seedlings (58.85 mg) at 40 days of sowing. Number of leaves per plant 25, 30 and 35 days after sowing were not affected by combination of various varieties and different dates of sowing.

Integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of kharif onion (Allium cepa L.)

The field investigation was conducted in kharif- 2021 at Agronomy farm, B – Division, Plot No – 5, College of Agriculture, Pune with ten treatments and three replications in RBD. The application of 75% RDF + 1% foliar spray of 19:19:19 at 30 DAT + Azospirillum + PSB & KSB was the significant treatment regarding plant height (69.98 cm), neck thickness (1.68 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (11.40), dry matter plant-1 (26.26 g), days to maturity (142.33), polar and equatorial diameter (6.70 and 6.93 cm), number of scales bulb-1 (11.74), fresh weight bulb-1 (157.57 g), yield (300.21 q ha-1) and quality (57.28%) A grade bulbs. Furthermore, net gain was (17.47, 15.33 and 26.14 N, P and K kg ha-1), microbial count of Azospirillum, PSB and KSB was (39.17, 33.56 cfu and 33.31 cfu x 107 g-1) and maximum B: C ratio (3.35) was recorded.

Yield and Economics of Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.) under Front Line Demonstration in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh, India

Aim: To disseminate the technology among the farmers through front line demonstration on Kharif onions for enhanced the production and fetching the more income.
 Study Design: Not applicable.
 Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-IIVR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deoria, conducted front-line demonstrations on kharif onion at farmers' fields during the kharif season 2017, 2018, and 2019.
 Methodology: Conducted 33 front-line demonstrations at farmers' fields during the study period. The yield data were recorded.
 Results: To increase the output of onions through enhanced production technology, 33 front line demonstration on kharif onion were conducted. According to the demonstrations that were undertaken, the improved variety of kharif onions (NHRDF Agrifound dark Red) produced an average yield of 274.4 q/ha, which was greater than the average yield of check (N-53) i.e. 228.83 q/ha. The average yield improvement over farmer techniques was 19.91%. It was noted that the average extension gap was 45.57 q/ha. The economics of the data showed that, on average, in demonstrations, gross returns were (277453.3/ha), net returns were (191184/ha), and benefit cost ratio was (3.2) as opposed to check (Niphad-53), where gross returns were 204160/ha, net returns were 122423.3/ha and benefit cost ratio was (2.5).
 Conclusion: The average yield enhancement over farmer techniques was 19.91%. It was noted that the average extension gap was 45.57 q/ha. The economics of the data showed that, on average, in demonstrations, gross returns were (277453.3/ha), net returns were (191184/ha), and benefit cost ratio was (3.2). Front line demonstration is one of the most important tools for technology transfer to the farmers at the grassroots level that has a significant effect on the horizontal spread of technology as well as build up the strong interaction with the farmer communities.

Kharif Onion Production in India- Present Status and Future Potential: A Review

Onion is one of the most important commercial crops in India which is used as a vegetable, spice and rich in medicinal properties. In India major onion producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. In South India onion is cultivated three times in a year as rabi, kharif and late kharif crop whereas, in North India it is generally cultivated as rabi crop. Major portion (60%) of onion produce comes from rabi season while kharif and late kharif crops contributes to a little extent (40%) in some parts of country. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka and Rajasthan are major kharif onion producing states. Rabi onion is generally harvested in April-May whereas kharif onion and late kharif is harvested in the month of October-November and January-February, respectively. Major portion of rabi season produce is stored upto October month for domestic consumption. There is a critical gap in supply of onion from the months of October to December. Therefore, kharif onion plays an important role not only in fulfilling consumers demand but also in controlling market price of onion. So far kharif onion production in India is limited to three four states only and it should be prioritized in other states too by keeping in view its importance. Various research perspectives, challenges and management strategies involved in kharif onion production has been reviewed in this article.

Effect of different crop management practices for better economic returns from Kharif onion

The present study was undertaken at the Agricultural Research Substation, Sumerpur-Pali to find out the effect of different fertilizer levels and crop geometry on kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) production. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with NPKS levels as main plot and crop geometry as subplot with three replications. Spacious crop geometry with highest dose of fertilizer (15 cm x 15 cm + 140 N: 80 P: 80 K: 40 S kg ha-1) produced maximum plant height (98.20 cm), leaves plant-1 (20), bulb polar diameter (79.34 mm), equatorial diameter (85.10 mm), bulb weight (137.44 g) and harvest index (51.30) with huge quantity of split/multiplier bulbs (6.54 t ha-1). Marketable yield (43.71 t ha-1), gross return (` 5.25 lakhs), net return (` 4.25 lakhs) and B: C ratio (4.25) were higher in the closer crop geometry (10 cm x 10 cm) with highest dose of fertilizer, whereas maximum biological yield (126.75 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (61.60 t ha-1) were reported in the closest spacing with highest dose of fertilizer (7.5 cm x 7.5 cm + 140 N: 80 P: 80 K: 40 S kg ha-1), which also produced the highest quantity (28.69 t ha-1) of unmarketable bulbs. It is concluded that for maximum production of better quality of kharif onion bulb, the seedlings should be planted at 10 cm x 10 cm spacing with the highest level of fertilizer dose (140 N: 80 P: 80 K: 40 S kg ha-1).

Complement test for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability testing of kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties

Complement test for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability testing of kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties

Evaluation of technology for cultivation of Kharif Onion in Sikar District of Rajasthan

Evaluation of technology for cultivation of Kharif Onion in Sikar District of Rajasthan

Study on effect of soil and foliar application of silicon on growth, yield and quality on kharif onion (allium cepa l.)

The field experiment entitled “Effect of soil and foliar application of silicon on soil nutrient availability, uptake, yield and quality of kharif onion” was conducted during Kharif 2016 – 2017 at Post Graduate Institute research farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri with a view to study the effect of levels of silicon on growth, yield, and quality of kharif onion.The investigation was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD), fourteen treatments combinations comprised of soil application of three levels of calcium silicate (50, 100 and 150 kg Si ha-1) and three concentration of silicic acid (SA) 1, 2, and 3 ppm through foliar spray. Two treatments absolute control and GRDF were taken for comparison having 0 kg Si ha-1. The neck thickness, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and, total yield of bulbs and straw yield of onion were recorded. The chemical properties viz. pH, EC and OC showed significantly influenced due to application of silicon. In case of treatment T14 recorded significantly superior pH, EC and OC (8.35, 0.54 and 0.60 % respectively). The treatment T14 recorded significantly highest polar diameter (5.55cm), equatorial diameter (5.94cm), neck thickness ( 0.88 cm) highest weight per bulb (83.50 g), bulb yield (37.50 t ha-1) and straw yield (2.40 q ha-1) respectively. It is concluded that treatment (T14) was found beneficial for maintaining soil fertility, for enhance crop growth and for increase yield and yield contributing character of onion on shallow soil.

Study of genetic divergence in kharif onion cultivars

Twenty-two diverse onion genotypes were evaluated to study the genetic divergence in kharif onion during Kharif season at C-block farm, BCKV, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal. All the genotypes were clustered into three groups based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Cluster I comprised of accessions with highest yield, yield related traits and TSS. Cluster II was composed of accessions having highest Total sugar, dry matter, pyruvic acid and phenol content. Cluster III was the largest cluster comprising of accessions having highest polar diameter, neck thickness, days to maturity, bolters and ascorbic acid content. Both total yield and marketable yield together explained almost 85 percent contribution of diversity, whereas the contribution of other traits were only 15 percent.