Keystroke Dynamics-based Authentication System Research Articles

Mining a new biometrics to improve the accuracy of keystroke dynamics-based authentication system on free-text

Related works for applying keystroke dynamics (KD) on free text identification indicated that applying KD can improve the accuracy of personal authentication on free text. As the result, this paper proposes a new biometrics, i.e., the keystroke clusters map (KC-Map), by clustering users’ keystrokes in order to effectively enhance the accuracy of personal authentication in free text. Since KC-Map is conducted via clustering, it is not suitable for traditional classifiers. In order to tackle this problem, the paper further proposes a keystroke clusters map similarity classifier (KCMS classifier). Experimental results positively show that the proposed KC-Map and KCMS classifier can efficiently improve the accuracy of personal authentication on free text with up to 1.27 times. In addition, one of the huge disadvantages on the current approaches in free text identification is that users are generally required to be trained for several months. Longer training time makes free text identification more impractical. Another motivation of this paper is to explore whether it is possible to shorten the training time into an acceptable range. Experimental results show that, to achieve relatively fair identification accuracy, users only need to carry out about 20 min for training.

APPLYING EMPIRICAL THRESHOLDING ALGORITHM FOR A KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS BASED AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

Through the application of a password-based authentication technique, users are granted permission to access a secure system when the username and password matches with that logged in database of the system. Furthermore, anyone who provides the correct username and password of a valid user will be able to log in to the secure network. In current circumstances, impostors can hack the system to obtain a user’s password, while it has also been easy to find out a person’s private password. Thus, the existing structure is exceptionally flawed. One way to strengthen the password-based authentication technique, is by keystroke dynamics. In the proposed keystroke dynamics based authentication system, despite the password match, the similarity between the typing pattern of the typed password and password samples in the training database are verified. The timing features of the user’s keystroke dynamics are collected to calculate the threshold values. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to authenticate the legal users based on the empirical threshold values. The first step involves the extraction of timing features from the typed password samples. The password training database for each user is constructed using the extracted features. Moreover, the empirical threshold limits are calculated from the timing features in the database. The second step involves user authentication by applying these threshold values. The experimental analyses are carried out in MATLAB simulation, and the results indicate a significant reduction in false rejection rate and false acceptance rate. The proposed methodology yields very low equal error rate of 0.5% and the authentication accuracy of 99.5%, which are considered suitable and efficient for real-time implementation. The proposed method can be a useful resource for identifying illegal invasion and is valuable in securing the system as a correlative or substitute form of client validation.

An authentication system using keystroke dynamics

There are various biometrics-based methods for user authentication. However, the best authentication method can be based on physiological/behavioural biometrics as capturing physiological biometrics may require use of special devices and that may not be available with many users. Keystroke dynamics is a simplified and easily achievable user authentication method when every user is available with a laptop or a personal computer. This paper presents a keystroke dynamics-based authentication system using Bayesian regularised feed-forward neural network. In order to train the model, a database is captured for recording keystroke dynamics of 20 users in four sessions each with 50 samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the Bayesian regularised neural network models provide the best results and are most suitable for this purpose. We are able to achieve an equal error rate of 0.9% which is better than the methods used in the existing literature for plain keystroke dynamics. We have given a comparative analysis of the performance of proposed system with existing methods.

Keystroke Dynamics Based Authentication Using Information Sets

This paper presents keystroke dynamics based authentication system using the information set concept. Two types of membership functions (MFs) are computed: one based on the timing features of all the samples and another based on the timing features of a single sample. These MFs lead to two types of information components (spatial and temporal) which are concatenated and modified to produce different feature types. Two Component Information Set (TCIS) is proposed for keystroke dynamics based user authentication. The keystroke features are converted into TCIS features which are then classified by SVM, Random Forest and proposed Convex Entropy Based Hanman Classifier. The TCIS features are capable of representing the spatial and temporal uncertainties. The performance of the proposed features is tested on CMU benchmark dataset in terms of error rates (FAR, FRR, EER) and accuracy of the features. In addition, the proposed features are also tested on Android Touch screen based Mobile Keystroke Dataset. The TCIS features improve the performance and give lower error rates and better accuracy than that of the existing features in literature.

Keystroke dynamics‐based user authentication service for cloud computing

SummaryUser authentication is a crucial requirement for cloud service providers to prove that the outsourced data and services are safe from imposters. Keystroke dynamics is a promising behavioral biometrics for strengthening user authentication, however, current keystroke based solutions designed for certain datasets, for example, a fixed length text typed on a traditional personal computer keyboard and their authentication performances were not acceptable for other input devices nor free length text. Moreover, they suffer from a high dimensional feature space that degrades the authentication accuracy and performance.In this paper, a keystroke dynamics based authentication system is proposed for cloud environments that is applicable to fixed and free text typed on traditional and touch screen keyboards. The proposed system utilizes different feature extraction methods, as a preprocessing step, to minimize the feature space dimensionality. Moreover, different fusion rules are evaluated to combine the different feature extraction methods so that a set of the most relevant features is chosen. Because of the huge number of users' samples, a clustering method is applied to the users' profile templates to reduce the verification time. The proposed system is applied to three different benchmark datasets using three different classifiers. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effects of different alphabets on free text keystroke authentication: A case study on the Korean–English users

Keystroke dynamics is one of the representative behavioral biometrics, and it has been consistently recognized as an alternative to physiological biometrics for user authentication to strengthen the level of security. This paper investigates the effects that languages with different alphabets and different familiarity levels have on the free text keystroke authentication performance using Korean–English data collected from 83 Korean participants. In order to exploit the familiarity level, two typing characteristics are measured and tested. Student’s t-test reveals that the participants have higher typing proficiency but lower typing consistency in the language with the more familiar alphabet, i.e., their primary language (Korean). Typing proficiency is found to be a critical factor when only keystroke latencies are utilized during authentication, whereas typing consistency is found to be a critical factor when key sequence information is utilized in addition to keystroke latencies. The experimental results can be applied to build a customized keystroke dynamics-based authentication system, which adaptively determines the authentication method as well as the keystroke size based on a user’s typing characteristics.