Abstract Background Early identification of students’ social difficulties is crucial for effective intervention. Currently, teachers primarily rely on experiential observation, which is subject to strong subjectivity and prone to overlooking hidden clues. Eye-tracking technology offers a potential solution to this bottleneck by objectively quantifying teachers’ visual attention patterns toward social peripheries and nonverbal cues in real classroom settings. Therefore, this study involves teachers wearing lightweight eye-tracking devices during routine instruction to record their natural gaze distribution, duration, and trajectories while teaching. Combined with post-class interviews, it analyzes the relationship between specific attention patterns and the accuracy and depth of identification. This approach helps teachers enhance their professional observational skills and provides concrete recommendations for early identification strategies. Methods The study recruited 20 practicing teachers as test subjects, inviting them to wear lightweight wearable eye trackers throughout a full week of teaching. The devices comprehensively recorded teachers’ visual scanning patterns, key gaze points, and attention-shifting processes within complex, dynamic classroom settings. Simultaneously, a wide-angle camera positioned at the rear of the classroom synchronously captured panoramic classroom footage. Following eye-tracking data collection, face-to-face interviews were conducted with teachers. During these sessions, classroom recordings were played back, pausing at key moments when teachers fixated on specific students. Teachers were then asked about their attentional intentions at those points and their interpretations of student behaviors. Finally, statistical analysis was performed on the data, employing correlation analysis to reveal the intrinsic relationship between teachers’ classroom attentional patterns and their ability to identify students’ social difficulties at an early stage. Results The experimental results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, attention span, focus on the social periphery, and average attention duration to nonverbal cues all exhibit a highly positive correlation with recognition accuracy. Notably, the correlation coefficient between focus on the social periphery and recognition accuracy reached 0.91 (p<.01), indicating a strong positive relationship. Additionally, all three indicators—attention span, focus on the social periphery, and average attention duration to nonverbal cues—exhibit significant negative correlations with recognition response speed, with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.62 to -0.7. Discussion The study revealed through eye-tracking that teachers’ patterns of attention toward social periphery zones and nonverbal cues in the classroom were significantly and positively correlated with both their accuracy in identifying students’ social difficulties and their response speed. This indicates that systematic visual attention allocation serves as the key cognitive foundation for teachers to achieve early identification, providing quantifiable behavioral evidence for classroom observation. Future research may conduct longitudinal tracking to explore how teachers’ classroom attention patterns evolve with teaching experience, training, and instructional reflection, thereby elucidating the developmental trajectories of teachers’ observational skills across different stages. Funding No. 34-K0222004.

ABSTRACT The parish of Ashton-under-Lyne near Manchester had only three rectors for nearly the whole of the seventeenth century: Henry Fairfax from 1619 to 1643; John Harrison from 1643 to 1662; and Thomas Ellison from 1662 until his death in 1700. Key moments during their tenures reveal the parish as a microcosm of the changing ecclesial situation across England, from aspects of Jacobean and Caroline ‘godly’ nonconformity to the politico-religious divide between ‘Presbyterians’ and ‘Independents’ during the 1640s and 50s and post-Restoration Nonconformity. Nevertheless, local issues and relationships are often as significant as wider events, pointing to the ways in which studies of individual parishes complicate as well as confirm our understanding of national issues. In addition, a previously unremarked archival source resolves uncertainties surrounding Fairfax’s departure, debunking the myth that he was ejected as a Royalist, and that Harrison was imposed on the parish by Parliamentarian soldiers.

This article examines Danish sermons during the German occupation of Denmark (1940–1945), focusing on whether and how the escalating political crisis of the period influenced sermonic content. Drawing on a corpus of 823 digitised sermons, it applies computational text analysis, specifically topic modelling and sentiment analysis, to trace thematic and rhetorical changes. The results reveal a striking continuity in homiletic practice, punctuated by subtle but significant shifts at key moments, notably around the Telegram Crisis in 1942 and the Collapse of the Danish government in August 1943. These shifts differed across theological traditions, each preserving its own rhetorical and doctrinal character amid wartime pressures. By demonstrating that Danish preaching was neither uniformly heroic nor uniformly cautious, the study offers a more nuanced account of the Church as a diverse body that navigated crisis through a blend of theological persistence and measured adaptation.

Designing a patient onboarding in a multidisciplinary severe asthma unit.

ABSTRACT From the outset of independence from British rule in 1960, Cyprus was marked by intercommunal conflict between Greek- and Turkish-Cypriots, which led to the abrupt division of the island in 1974; a key moment in Cyprus’s modern history, fragmenting the island with buffer and military zones. Inevitably, modern architecture that was once embraced as a vehicle to nation building and a path to modernity became entangled with decolonial struggles, intercommunal conflict, and the island’s current physical and socio-political division, comprising some unintended heritage, of which its value is ambiguously defined. This article discusses the theoretical framework of ‘Uneasy, but Shared Heritage’ that moves beyond the binary of contested or shared heritage, and introduces USHer, a mobile app devised as a methodological experiment informed by contemporary debates that challenge official heritage lists and the role of digital tools in opening the meaning(s) of value – what is defined as heritage and why, by whom and for whom – to a broader audience. As a disciplinary encounter between architectural history and critical heritage studies, USHer is investigated as a mediation of the intangible value of architectural heritage in contested territories.

This study explores the psychological transformation of Ketty, the main character in The Mystery of Me by Karen McCombie, through the lens of Carl Jung’s concept of infantile memory. The research aims to examine how amnesia in the story reflects deeper unconscious struggles and contributes to Ketty’s identity reconstruction. A qualitative method and psychoanalytic approach were applied to analyze textual data, focusing on key moments that reveal Ketty’s emotional disconnection, symbolic imagery, and evolving self-awareness. The findings reveal three major aspects of amnesia: Ketty’s unconscious rejection of her past self, the emergence of symbolic fragments, which is butterflies as manifestations of infantile memory, and amnesia as a medium for the unconscious to surface and initiate personal growth. These elements demonstrate how memory loss functions not merely as a cognitive impairment but as a meaningful narrative tool that reveals the character’s inner conflict and gradual individuation. This study differs from previous works by offering a Jungian reading of amnesia, emphasizing the symbolic and emotional processes involved in self-discovery. The research contributes to literary and psychological discourse by showing how unconscious memory and symbolic elements shape the formation of identity in trauma-affected characters.

Relevance. The study of the "black redistribution" remains exceptionally relevant, as this phenomenon represents a key moment in the agrarian history of Russia, predetermining the trajectory of development of the Soviet village and laying the foundations for subsequent socio-economic cataclysms, including forced collectivization and famine. An analysis of this period allows for a deeper understanding of the nature of the revolutionary process and the mechanisms of interaction between the government and the peasantry.The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive scientific analysis of the process of land relations transformation in the Russian village in 1917–1918, identify its prerequisites, driving forces, and key stages, and assess its multifaceted and contradictory consequences for the socio-economic structure of the agricultural sector.Objectives of the study are: systematization of the historical preconditions for the "black redistribution," including an analysis of communal traditions and the failure of government agrarian reforms; reconstruction of the chronology and dynamics of the agrarian movement in 1917; An assessment of the role of the "Land Decree" as an instrument for legitimizing a spontaneous process; an analysis of the immediate and long-term consequences of land redistribution.Methodology. The article is based on the principles of historicism and systems analysis. A historical-genetic method is used to trace the origins of the agrarian question, as well as a comparative historical method to analyze the regional characteristics of the redistribution.Results. The article demonstrates that the "black redistribution" was not only an act of a spontaneous peasant movement but also an object of targeted political manipulation by the Bolsheviks. It is established that the legalization of the redistribution through the "Land Decree" allowed the new government to secure temporary support from the villages, while simultaneously laying the foundations for future statism in the agrarian sector.Conclusions. The "black redistribution" was the culmination of centuries-old peasant aspirations, but its implementation led to paradoxical results. While satisfying the "land famine" in the short term, it provoked the fragmentation of farms, the decline of agriculture, and the continuation of social tensions, thereby creating the preconditions for the further tragedy of the Russian village and the establishment of totalitarian control over agriculture.

Purpose This research paper investigates how information contributes to the creative processes of independent filmmakers, specifically how it influences their experience of having creative ideas that catalyze, change or evolve a film project. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative research design, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with seven independent short-film filmmakers in the Washington, D.C. area. Participants visually mapped their creative processes and reflected on key moments when new ideas emerged. Applied thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in how information was encountered, generated and integrated. Findings The study identified six interrelated processes through which filmmakers engaged with information: attunement to the environment and project, drawing on tacit/prior knowledge, imagination, experimentation, social exchange and active information-seeking. A central theme was “resonance” – a felt sense that information was meaningful or creatively catalytic. Originality/value This research contributes to a more holistic understanding of information behavior in creative work, bridging information science, information philosophy and the philosophy of creativity. The study challenges traditional understandings of information, highlighting how creative practitioners encounter and generate information in intuitive, embodied and social ways. It also offers implications for how librarians and information professionals might better support artistic inquiry and creative discovery.

Analyzing action scenes in soccer is a challenging task due to the complex and dynamic nature of the game, as well as the interactions between players. This article provides a comprehensive overview of this task, divided into action recognition, spotting key moments, and identifying actions in both time and space (spatio-temporal action localization) in soccer. We explore publicly available data sources and metrics used to evaluate models’ performance. The article reviews recent state-of-the-art methods that leverage deep learning techniques and traditional approaches. Our analysis begins with methods based on feature engineering, followed by an exploration of various deep learning techniques. This includes using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for visual information processing, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for analyzing temporal sequences, and transformer architectures to effectively capture context. In particular, we focus on the specifics of multimodal data, illustrating the potential for improved model accuracy and robustness. This includes an exploration of methods that integrate information from multiple sources, such as video and audio data, and methods that represent a single data source through multiple analytical lenses, offering a richer, more nuanced understanding of soccer actions (e.g., using a graph representation of players). Finally, the article highlights some of the open research questions and future directions in the field of soccer action analysis, especially the potential for multimodal methods to advance this field. Overall, this survey provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in the field of analyzing action scenes in soccer.

ABSTRACT This study examines how violent co-offenders shape future offending trajectories, distinguishing between committing violence with a violent co-offender (direct exposure) versus associating with violent accomplices (indirect exposure). Using police data, we applied binary logistic regressions to a sample of Belgian offenders (N = 20,203) to examine the likelihood of general and violent reoffending. Our results show that having a violent co-offender significantly increases the likelihood of future offending, whereas nonviolent co-offenders have no pronounced impact. When the co-offense with a violent co-offender involved violence, the heightened likelihood of future offending was mitigated. Among reoffenders, prior violence is associated with future violent offenses, particularly for those with less severe violent offenses. Moreover, committing violence with a violent co-offender reinforces future violence for a large part of the sample (61% of offenders in T2). Overall, violent co-offenders influence future offending both directly and indirectly, with direct participation in violence emerging as a critical predictor of future violent behavior. These findings emphasize the need for further research and targeted interventions at key moments, such as after a violent co-offense.

This article traces the spatial history of the Ulysses S. Grant Houses and Columbia University’s planning projects in Morningside Heights, New York City. In 2020, Grant Houses recorded one of the highest COVID-19 death rates in public housing in the city. The paper focuses on two key moments: mid-century urban renewal and Columbia’s twenty-first-century Manhattanville expansion. It examines how Columbia has used planning tools, health discourses, and policing to secure land and displace or contain neighboring Black communities. Drawing on archival materials, the article introduces the concept of the split city to describe a form of racialized urbanism shaped not by complete separation but by selective and conditional inclusion. The split city is not a stable or totalizing formation. It is shaped by ongoing struggle, as residents have continually resisted erasure and asserted their right to the spaces and futures of Morningside Heights.

The population exchange between Turkey and Greece from 1922 to 1924 left unforgettable traces on the people of both countries. Following the migration, a new integration process based on acculturation was experienced in the areas reached. Samsun is one of the cities that experienced the widespread effects of migration. Fueled by migration, dance draws attention as a vital identity element in both countries. The concept of dance in social memory is intertwined with a longing for home. In these aspects, the two societies are rich in cultural elements that will remind each other. Therefore, research on dance, a crucial aspect of human performative traditions, highlights the mutual importance of the Black Sea and Western Thrace. Various findings were obtained from the fieldwork conducted in Samsun, Canik, Bafra, Alaçam, Kavala, Xsanti, and Thessaloniki between 2013 and 2025, along with the literature reviews conducted during the same period. The pre-exchange dances of Samsun were researched and examined using the ethnochoreohistory method. Ethnochoreohistory aims to identify key moments related to monumental events in the dance's past to narrate the life process of the dance. Due to its foundational aspects, the details of the language used in the research field are essential to this research method. Oral history research and fieldwork involving participant observation lie at the heart of ethnochoreohistory research. This contemporary method incorporates tools from new media anthropology, including netnographic scans and artificial intelligence automations. The images obtained were transferred to paper using an internet-supported QR code system. The identified dance melodies were notated using the MuseScore4 program and verified in a digital environment. The findings are anticipated to become part of the educational repertoire of institutions offering academic folk dance education.

This article explores the link between the meditation known as the Two Standards from the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) and its embodiment in Mary Ward’s (1585-1645) spiritual life. The Two Standards is meant to help retreatants to understand that their life is under the influence of the forces of both good and evil and that their decisions always have a spiritual dimension. Focusing on the Ignatian concept found in the Two Standards of spiritual battle between the standards of Christ and those of Lucifer, the paper explores key moments in Mary Ward’s spiritual life through the lens of the integration of Christ’s call to poverty, humiliation and freedom, the grace asked by the retreatant in this meditation. This finds full expression in Mary Ward’s prayer life and actions and in her growth in spiritual life.

The study of the industrial development of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the seven years makes it possible to identify a key moment in the change in the economic structure of the region, which is the basis of its social life. The article describes the transformation process of the economy of the Chuvash ASSR during the years of the seven-year plan for the development of the national economy, examines the indicators of the region’s industry, as well as summarizes the results of economic development and changes in the structure of the economy of Chuvashia when implementing the seven-year plan. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that this aspect of the region’s life is poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to examine the plans of industrial development of the Chuvash ASSR in 1959–1965 and to give an objective assessment to the industrial potential of the region in this period. Materials and methods. When writing the article, archival materials containing summary statistical data on the economy of this period, as well as the works of leading experts on the industrial development of Chuvashia in the second half of the twentieth century, were used. The work is based on general scientific and special historical approaches, among which it is worth noting the principles of objectivity, consistency and historicism. Results. The industry of the Chuvash ASSR went through global changes during the seven years of 1959–1965. New knowledge-intensive industries emerged in the republic, and the basis of the region’s economy changed: if at the beginning of the seven-year period consumer goods and woodworking industries had the greatest share, then by the end of the seven-year period mechanical engineering and chemical industries took the first place. Within the framework of mechanical engineering, the instrument-making and radio engineering industries grew the fastest, and the electrical engineering and machine-building industries provided the largest production volume in numerical terms. In addition to the emergence of new industries, the old ones were also actively developing and expanding in the republic. The seven-year plan was fulfilled by 103% by the republic’s industry, which demonstrates the efficiency of production. Conclusions. In 1959–1965, the economy of the Chuvash ASSR underwent changes, its structure was transformed, and a cluster of high-tech industries, such as instrument engineering and the electrical industry, was created and developed in the republic. The Chuvash economy was able to become industrial from a predominantly agrarian one, dramatically increasing the volume of industrial production and, as a result, significantly increasing the overall economic potential of the region. As part of this economic transformation, the industrial base for the further development of the region in the next five years was also laid.

This paper explains ambition and power through Tzvetan Todorov’s structuralist model of narrative equilibrium, disruption, and recognition by examining Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus (1604) and HBO’s Game of Thrones (2011–2019). It interprets how the moral trajectory of ambition as a destructive force transcends medium and era through linking Renaissance humanism with postmodern visual storytelling. Following a qualitative comparative method, this study provides textual and visual analysis of key moments in both works and demonstrates how Faustus and Cersei Lannister embody a shared Todorovian tragic pattern. Updated with recent critical scholarship on narratology and adaptation studies, the research describes that both figures represent the timeless Faustian conflict between desire and ethics. The analysis argues that when ambition is detached from moral equilibrium, it functions as a universal engine of tragedy that sustains the continuity between classical drama and modern television narratives.

This study examines the theological and liturgical significance of the biblical injunction to “sing a new song,” tracing its deployment across eras of Christian history as both a symbol of renewal and a tool of doctrinal contestation. Focusing on key moments of schism—the early Church’s response to Gnostic and Arian hymnody and Ambrose’s adoption of Eastern antiphonal singing, the article explores how musical form, meter, and performance practice became markers of orthodoxy and heresy long before Reformation-era musical reforms. Drawing on patristic commentary, heresiographical sources, and hymnological analysis, the study highlights how the popular style in various guises was alternately condemned and reclaimed. This suggests that Christian music has consistently evolved through interaction with popular and heterodox forms and that the “new song” in its exegetical form has functioned as a recurring strategy of theological self-definition. Ultimately, the paper argues that disputes over musical style mirror broader tensions between innovation and authority and that the history of hymnody offers a unique lens into the formation of Christian identity.

This paper examines the lived realities of conducting a purposefully transdisciplinary, equity-focused international STEM research project during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Charter of Transdisciplinarity as an analytic lens, we explore how our team navigated visa delays, shifting political contexts, administrative turnover, and digital inequities while supporting marginalized undergraduate women in STEM. Through reflective prompts and critical event analysis, we show how belonging—understood as an active, ongoing practice—enabled us to move beyond disciplinary boundaries and confront entrenched forms of marginalization in STEM and academia. Technology simultaneously connected and divided us, requiring continual renegotiation of community membership. Dialogues around artificial intelligence served as key moments of transcultural exchange and vulnerability. We argue that transdisciplinarity is a human and relational endeavor that must be intentionally cultivated. Within STEM, it emerges not from the acronym itself but from practices that center humanity, resist othering, and foster collective flourishing. Keywords: transdisciplinarity, STEM education, belonging, transcultural collaboration, international research, equity in STEM, participatory action research, digital inequity, interdisciplinary collaboration

Latin has played a fundamental role in the creation, consolidation, and continuous development of anatomical nomenclature from the Renaissance to the present day. The aim of this article is to examine the linguistic and conceptual development of anatomical terminology and to explore the lasting influence of Latin on the standardization of anatomical nomenclature. The study uses a historical-linguistic and descriptive method, analyzing key moments from the early Greek names of body parts to the contemporary Terminologia Anatomica (TA2023AG). The results show that the adoption of Latin as the lingua franca of anatomy has provided a basis for semantic precision, morphological consistency, and cross-cultural scientific communication. Furthermore, the systematic revisions from Basle Nomina Anatomica (1895) through Nomina Anatomica (1955) to Terminologia Anatomica (1998, 2023) illustrate the dynamic interaction between linguistic tradition and scientific innovation. The discussion highlights the importance of Latin in contemporary medical education and international standardization, emphasizing its irreplaceable function as a unifying linguistic code in the biomedical sciences. In conclusion, the thesis on the need to preserve Latin as a reference framework in anatomical terminology is presented, along with the integration of modern bilingual structures that reflect current linguistic and didactic realities, as well as the need for its presence in the curricula of medical specialties. The importance of Latin is emphasized not as an anachronism, but as one of the most reliable and appropriate tools for scientific clarity, standardization, and universalism.

ABSTRACT This creative reflection reconsiders key moments between my mother and me that are rooted in the overarching story of our relationship. It engages with storytelling as a process of re-creation, drawing on William Randall's notion of living-as-art, to reconcile some long-held tensions and enable new ways of understanding this significant relationship. Critical reflection on the feminist philosophical concept of relational autonomy, and ideas of time as non-linear, refracts the singularity of the experiences shared here to illuminate dynamics between mothers and daughters more broadly, and to demonstrate the transformative potential of storytelling over time to resolve and re-envisage human relationships.

This study examines two major turning points in Finnish riverine policy through the lens of contested hydrosocial territories, focusing on two rapid areas in eastern Finland. Following the Second World War, Finland saw a surge in hydropower development. The first turning point began in the late 1950s with local ”rapids wars” and culminated in the Rapids Protection Act of 1987. One of the key moments was the successful struggle to prevent hydropower construction in the Ruunaa rapids. The second turning point emerged around the turn of the millennium, influenced by the European Union’s water policy. During the 2010s, the Finnish state initiated a new riverine agenda, funding stream restoration and the removal of migration barriers. This shift is exemplified by the ongoing struggle over the Palokki power plant, where the energy company is confronted by advocates for restoring the rapids. We analyse Ruunaa and Palokki as hydrosocial territories – spaces shaped by interactions between human and non-human actors. The study explores how conflicts over free-flowing rapids and regulated streams have reshaped riverine policy and environments, and how the nature of these struggles has evolved over the past fifty years.