Construction sectors in emerging economies continue to face persistent challenges related to procurement inefficiencies, weak contractor coordination, and inconsistent regulatory compliance. This study examines the extent to which innovation-led construction management strategies can address these structural limitations and improve overall project performance. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative analysis of 186 respondents across multiple project types with qualitative insights from key industry stakeholders. The study evaluates three core domains procurement systems, contractor coordination mechanisms, and regulatory compliance structures using descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling, data envelopment analysis, and thematic analysis. Findings reveal that projects adopting digital tools such as e-procurement platforms, BIM-based collaboration systems, and automated compliance monitoring achieve significantly higher levels of transparency, communication efficiency, schedule reliability, and audit readiness than those relying on traditional management practices. Innovation-led strategies produced measurable improvements across all domains, with procurement transparency and coordination efficiency showing the greatest gains. The study also identifies institutional capacity, technological readiness, and organizational culture as critical enablers of successful innovation adoption. Despite these promising outcomes, limitations such as reliance on self-reported data, regional sampling constraints, and the inability to measure long-term effects warrant caution in interpretation. The study concludes that innovation represents a transformative pathway for enhancing construction governance and project delivery in emerging economies, provided that supportive policy frameworks, capacity-building initiatives, and cross-sector collaboration are established. Recommendations include adopting standardized digital procurement systems, strengthening inter-agency regulatory coordination, incentivizing innovation uptake, and expanding training programs to build digital competencies across stakeholder groups. The research contributes to the growing literature on construction innovation by offering an integrated, evidence-based perspective on how emerging economies can modernize construction management practices to achieve more efficient, transparent, and sustainable infrastructure development.

ABSTRACT Engineers are vital for the transition toward sustainable development, yet a gap persists between what is taught in engineering education and the sustainability-related competences required in industry. This study investigates how engineering programmes can better align with these needs. Drawing on interviews with programme directors from eight Swedish engineering programmes and sustainability managers from 20 companies, the findings highlight both convergences and gaps. Systems thinking, stakeholder awareness, and value creation emerge as key industry priorities. The paper proposes a Sustainability Maturity Level (SML) framework to classify companies based on how sustainability is embedded in their operations, which in turn influences the competences they seek in graduates. Aligning education with industry’s evolving needs is essential for equipping engineers to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study suggests that while alignment is necessary, higher education may need to adopt a more proactive stance to drive transformation.

This study offers a nuanced examination of Tunisia’s economic structure through the lens of input-output analysis, emphasizing the significance of inter-sectoral linkages beyond mere contributions to gross domestic product. While traditional assessments often prioritize sectoral output, this research underscores the importance of understanding the interconnected roles that sectors play as enablers of broader economic activity. Utilizing Rasmussen’s (1956) and Watanabe-Chenery’s (1958) methodologies, we analyze the forward and backward linkages among key industries, drawing on 2018 data from the OCDE statistics. Our findings identify the chemical and petroleum sectors, along with mechanical and electrical industries, as the primary drivers within Tunisia’s industrial network. These sectors exhibit strong bidirectional linkages, positioning them as critical engines of growth with the capacity to influence the entire economic system. The analysis also highlights the strategic importance of the agri-food sector, which demonstrates high levels of both demand and supply-side connectivity, underscoring its role as a catalyst for sustainable development and diversification. Conversely, sectors such as machinery, equipment, and construction appear more peripheral, constrained by technological obsolescence and limited integration into supply chains. The results suggest that targeted policy measures aimed at strengthening backward linkages in resource-dependent industries and fostering innovation in manufacturing could significantly enhance economic resilience. Overall, this research advocates for a comprehensive approach to economic development—one that recognizes the vital interdependencies among sectors—and underscores the need for policies that promote technological upgrading and structural diversification in Tunisia’s evolving economy.

As transparency and sustainability gain strategic importance, the mass balance approach under chain of custody (MB-CoC) has become a central mechanism for assessing product carbon footprints (PCFs) in complex chemical value chains. The MB-CoC enables the attribution of renewable and recycled feedstock characteristics via certified bookkeeping when physical segregation or molecular tracing is infeasible—thus complementing PCF methodologies based on ISO 14067 and the LCA standards ISO 14040/44. However, the methodological integration of the MB-CoC into ISO-conformant PCFs remains insufficiently defined and empirically underexplored. This paper systematically reviews the interaction between the MB-CoC and PCF/LCA frameworks. It (i) synthesizes the allocation rules of ISO 14040/44/67 and the attribution principles of the MB-CoC according to ISO 22095 and key industry initiatives; (ii) analyzes academic publications, guidelines, and corporate applications; and (iii) identifies methodological tensions concerning system boundaries, allocation logic, residual mixes, treatment of biogenic and recycled carbon, and risks of double counting. Our review reveals five recurring insights across the literature: the need for certification and standardization; the importance of primary data and residual mixes; the requirement for ISO conformity; the necessity of transparent reporting of conventional versus alternative inputs; and the lack of independent empirical case studies. Addressing these gaps through harmonized rules, residual mix development, and comparative applications will be essential for establishing the MB-CoC as a robust instrument for circularity, decarbonization, and regulatory compliance, developed by interdisciplinary research and industry approaches.

Optimized synthesis of oil palm residue-based carboxymethyl cellulose as foaming agent.

This study aims to develop an anthropometric database for individuals aged 19-21 in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province to support ergonomic product design tailored to local physiological needs. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving direct measurements of body dimensions in a sitting posture from 52 samples selected via purposive sampling. Key measurements included sitting height, eye level while seated, shoulder height, popliteal length, and other relevant dimensions, analyzed for normality, sufficiency, and consistency. The data followed a normal distribution with sufficient sample validity. Percentile values (P1, P5, P50, P95, P99) revealed significant variations in body dimensions, providing a robust reference for ergonomic design across sectors like creative industries, education, healthcare, and agriculture. The anthropometric database enables designing inclusive, comfortable, and safe products that accommodate various body sizes, enhancing user experience and efficiency in NTB’s key industries. The study is limited to NTB’s 19-21 age group and seated posture measurements, restricting its applicability to Indonesia’s broader population or other postures. Future research should expand geographic scope and include diverse postures to enrich national anthropometric data. Keywords: Anthropometry, Ergonomic Design, Seated Posture, Percentiles, West Nusa Tenggara.

The article examines the key problems of ensuring the efficiency of Ukrainian enterprises during the period of the Russian Federation’s large-scale military aggression in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of key performance indicators of enterprises in the leading sectors of Ukraine’s economy, it is established that the obstacles faced by national producers – such as electricity blackouts, blocking of the Ukrainian border, price increases, destruction of supply chains, loss of counterparties, and reduced demand for goods and services in the domestic market – are only some of the problems that have been a challenge for Ukrainian enterprises over the past two years of their activities. The article proves that full-scale military aggression and its consequences force Ukrainian enterprises to look for new solutions not only to ensure the continuity of their core business processes, but also to mitigate the possible risks of war, such as destruction from military operations, losses from the destruction of assets, migration of the working population abroad, cyberattacks on enterprise management systems, etc. It is established that, in such conditions, almost all business entities need additional financial support from the State. The authors identify the main areas of state support for domestic enterprises and the support provided by foreign partners of the national economic system in 2022-2024. Considering the deficit of national financial resources, in the short term Ukraine’s economy will not be able to rebuild its capacity and overcome the challenges caused by military aggression without the support of foreign partners. According to the authors, one of the priority areas of cooperation in the area of post-war rebuilding and support of the Ukrainian economy today should be close cooperation between our country and the European Union. Combining the efforts of Ukraine and the EU countries will contribute to the economic reconstruction of our country. It is determined that the strategic task of rebuilding Ukraine’s economy can be realized only if the business activity of enterprises in key industries is renewed. It is the industries that have high growth potential in the Ukrainian economy that will provide opportunities for the growth of related industries, increase employment, help strengthen the country’s defense capabilities, and in the future contribute to Ukraine’s high geopolitical status.

Current Challenges in Cardiac Device Management: Guidance for Practicing Clinicians: A Canadian Journal of Cardiology White Paper.

Confronted with the challenge of diminishing tax revenue from Macao’s gambling sector, the synergistic growth of diverse industries has emerged as a crucial avenue for the region’s development. Given the intricacy of evaluating the symbiosis among multiple industries in Macao, this study adopts the biological ecological niche model and introduces a novel framework for assessing industrial symbiosis. This framework incorporates the time-varying weights of symbiosis and competition among various industries in Macao from 2012 to 2024. By calculating the ecological niche width, overlap, and suitability of each industry, it more precisely captures the multi-industry symbiosis dynamics in Macao. The empirical findings highlight the industrial symbiosis between Macao’s burgeoning key industries, the gambling sector, and major non-gambling industries. Macao’s multi-industry symbiosis presents extensive development potential, and the efficacy of policies promoting moderately diversified economic growth is gradually becoming apparent. Notably, the banking sector has taken the lead in showcasing industrial agglomeration capabilities. A horizontal comparison with Hong Kong’s industrial symbiosis reveals that Macao’s policy guidance has positively influenced the development of industrial agglomeration capabilities in emerging sectors. This study offers valuable insights for Macao to devise moderately diversified economic development policies, mitigate irrational resource competition between industries, and foster a symbiotic industrial environment. It also holds significant theoretical importance and practical application value for the interdisciplinary application of ecological theory to enhance the measurement methodologies for industrial symbiosis development.

Despite Indonesia's vast solar potential (207.8 GWp), its utilization remains far below the 2025 target (0.87 GW), hampered by unmapped industrial capabilities. This study addresses this gap by mapping the technological capabilities of Indonesia's photovoltaic (PV) industry and its supporting sectors using Technometric models. By adopting a quantitative survey methodology involving key industry players (n=3) representing the solar panel, cable, and mounting structure sectors , the study evaluated technoware (T), humanware (H), and infoware (I) components. The main results show that the solar panel industry has “excellent” technology content with a Technology Contribution Coefficient (TCC) of 0.7204 , driven by strong humanware and infoware contributions (both exceeding 70%). In contrast, cable companies, with a TCC of 0.5651 , are categorized as having “good” technology content, indicating a need to improve technoware, which only contributes 47%. Meanwhile, the structure (mounting) company also showed “very good” technological capability with a TCC of 0.7297. The TCC value, which ranges from 0 to 1, measures the contribution of technology in value-added creation, with values of 0.7-0.9 indicating an “excellent” category. The proposed recommendations include prioritizing technoware development through product design computing and test optimization, humanware improvement through innovation training, and infoware strengthening through comprehensive information dissemination. This study provides the first Technometric benchmark for the Indonesian PV sector, offering a clear diagnostic tool for policymakers and industry to enhance competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth targets.

Online customer reviews have long been used to identify valuable insights such as key industry attributes; however, limited research has focused on the Umrah sector. Therefore, this study aims to explore the key attributes of the Umrah industry based on online customer reviews posted on the Google Reviews platform. From a sampling frame of 296 registered operators, a stratified systematic probability sample was drawn, resulting in 82 operators being selected and a total of 1,392 reviews retrieved. A qualitative approach, specifically content analysis, was employed, with textual reviews manually coded by the researchers to identify key Umrah attributes. The coding framework was refined through a pilot test conducted by two independent researchers, and the results of the content analysis were validated by two experts from the Malaysian Umrah industry. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings, revealing 30 key Umrah attributes. Among these, five—service, packages, staff, mutawwif, and place—emerged as the most prominent. Service was identified as the most critical attribute, particularly in terms of staff responsiveness and friendliness, followed by the inclusiveness of package design and staff professionalism. Mutawwif expertise and attitude also played vital roles in effectively guiding pilgrims, while place encompassed both meaningful religious sites and operator facilities. Overall, the findings highlight the multidimensional nature of Umrah satisfaction, shaped by both spiritual and service-related factors, and provide valuable insights for operators seeking to enhance decision-making and better align services with pilgrims’ needs and expectations.

Purpose Blockchain technology (BCT) is a novel and disruptive innovation that can transform procurement processes in various industries, including the food sector. BCT can offer benefits such as transparency, traceability, security, and efficiency for procuring food products, which are essential for ensuring food security and quality. However, BCT faces several challenges that hinder its adoption and implementation in the food procurement domain, potentially impacting food security. Thus, this present work aims to identify the challenges of adopting blockchain technology in food Procurement 4.0 to support food security. Design/methodology/approach Eleven key challenges were identified through a literature search and are validated by domain experts. These challenges are modeled using the “fuzzy-Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation of Laboratory (fuzzy-DEMATEL)” technique. The fuzzy-DEMATEL technique allows us to explore the causal behavior of challenges that help further build strategic action. Findings The findings reveal that “lack of understanding and awareness (BTCP4)” and “immature legal acceptance/ regulatory policies (BTCP2)” are the most prominent barriers. The insights obtained from this work could be utilized by government agencies, policymakers and key industry players to prepare strategies to eliminate the challenges impeding the successful adoption of BCT in Procurement 4.0, thus ensuring food security for all. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this research are listed here, and they can be taken up in future research. This research employed a fuzzy-DEMATEL technique contingent upon experts’ subjective judgments and preferences, which may result in biases and inaccuracies in data collection and analysis. The number of experts is also a serious concern for the present study. Future studies may apply an integrated modeling approach with more experts to realize the results better. Additionally, the readiness assessment for adopting BCT could be done in a contextual setting to understand challenges better. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the first of its kind to navigate blockchain challenges in Procurement 4.0 to ensure food security.

Rapid digital transformation has resulted in a paradigm shift, creating the need for shaping effective AI (artificial intelligence) governance. AI governance encompasses laws, policies, frameworks, and practices at global, regional, national, and organizational levels. Evaluating the impact of AI requires addressing ethical considerations. The need for appropriate AI governance has been highlighted by the United Nations (UN), which has access to existing normative and policy instruments, such as international standards. Global efforts in the UN system regarding AI governance are grounded in international law.AI governance takes a pragmatic approach and is delivered through an ecosystem that includes research, development, coordination, monitoring, evaluation, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement. Effective AI governance is essential in shaping the future of AI. At the European Union (EU) level, significant progress has been made, particularly with the AI Act, which is the first-ever regulation specifically on AI. The AI Act follows a risk-based approach and categorizes AI systems into four risk levels. It applies not only to EU-based providers but also to those outside the EU, particularly when their AI inputs are used within the EU.As Europe’s geopolitical influence remains crucial, particularly in light of recent developments, AI governance must be addressed from a multi-stakeholder perspective. The aim of this paper is to identify the current challenges in shaping AI governance in Europe through this approach. The study employs a qualitative, case-study methodology, analyzing the roles and needs of key stakeholders, including governments, regulatory bodies, international institutions, AI engineers, ethicists, industry associations, and end-users.

Globalization is slowing down. Reasons are international turmoils, economic crises, wars and pandemics. These disturbances show how weak our supply chains are. Due to these countries are turning to neo mercantilist policies. They focus on national resources and production and try to manage on their own. Local production is back and governments are rushing to protect key industries. Countries are trying to reduce dependence on economies that are in competition with them. This can be seen in high technology and energy sectors. Economic nationalism is returning. It is reshaping global governance and putting pressure on the old liberal order. This study looks at that trend. It uses a qualitative approach which analyze documents and compare case studies. The framework focuses on the link between globalization, fragmentation, neo mercantilism and state resilience. The goal is to see how governments change their economic strategies when the world throws challenges at them. The methodology guides the research design, turning it into a clear strategy. It draws on current policy developments and global trade dynamics. State directed capitalism and regional economic blocks are creating a new form of globalization. It is motivated by self-interest and regulated by independence instead of openness.

This study is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of the territorial-sectoral structure of the economic potential (revenue) of the electronics industry of the Russian Federation in 2020–2024. Based on the analysis of data from the “SPARK-Interfax” system, the dynamics of the revenue of enterprises of the Russian electronics industry is considered, including in the context of its key industries—the production of computers, radar equipment, measuring instruments, communications equipment, etc. Based on the calculations, a trend of growth in the revenue of enterprises of the Russian electronics industry was revealed, which may be due to import substitution processes, as well as close cooperation of the electronics industry and the implementation of joint projects with enterprises of the defense industry complex. As part of the analysis of the territorial-sectoral structure of the revenue of the Russian electronics industry, it was found that the territorial structure of the economic potential of the industry has remained stable in recent years with the presence of a clearly expressed territorial leader—Moscow, which concentrates more than 33 % of the industry’s revenue. In the period 2020–2024, a trend of increasing territorial diversification of the electronics industry in the context of regions of Russia was revealed. In particular, the number of regions whose contribution to the revenue of the Russian electronics industry increased over the study period amounted to 52 regions. The industry structure of the revenue of the electronics industry is characterized by a high level of diversification—among all sub-sectors of the electronics industry, the maximum share of each individual industry does not exceed 17 %. In recent years, among the sub-sectors of the electronics industry in terms of revenue, the production of radar and radio navigation equipment has come out on top (16.2 % of the industry’s revenue in 2024), while the leader of previous years—the sub-sector of computer and peripheral equipment production—dropped to 3rd place (10.2 % of the industry’s revenue in 2024). Taking into account the current state and dynamics of the territorial organization of the economic potential of the Russian electronics industry, the identified trends in its transformation in the period 2020–2024, expert assessments of further changes in the situation in the area under consideration have been formed, recommendations have been proposed for the development and subsequent implementation of an effective state regional policy in the field of development and support of the Russian electronics industry.

The purpose of this review is to present the progress and development of a fundamental field that aims to design chemical processes with as little adverse effect on the environment as possible. The paper discusses the relevance of changes in industries considering the impact of the conventional chemical industry on the environment, people, and resources, with pollution, toxicity, and depletion of the resources being alarming effects. Waste minimization as one of the ten principles of green chemistry, atom economy and safer solvents and auxiliaries, is also described in detail. In the best practice examples drawn from key industries such as Unilever and BASF, a positive approach toward integrating biodegradable materials and renewable resources is evident. Furthermore, new developments in the catalysis and biocatalysts techniques as well as innovative methods of carbon dioxide conversion are also explored to demonstrate that sustainability is a core direction of chemical transformations. Nevertheless, prospects are evident albeit constrained in economic, regulatory, and technical sectors. Overcoming these barriers is crucial to the complete realization of green chemistry in the industry and the scale-back of environmental harm. It is for this reason that the present review offers a final reflection on how both green chemistry and a circular economy can change various sectors and offer more sustainable solutions.

Objective: To grasp the concentration levels of coal dust, silica dust and other dusts in the workplaces of employers in the national mining industry in 2023, and to identify the key points for occupational disease prevention and control. Methods: In December 2024, the concentrations of coal dust, silica dust and other dusts in the workplaces of 7903 mining enterprises across the country in 2023 were analyzed. Methods such as Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences in dust concentrations and over-limit ratios in the workplaces of enterprises of different scales, industries and regions. Results: The over-limit ratios of coal dust, silica dust and other dusts positions were 18.80% (1945/10343), 30.10% (4525/15033) and 5.75% (241/4194), respectively. Among them, the over-limit ratios of silica dust positions with free silica content >80% was as high as 73.46% (238/324). The time-weighted average exposure concentrations of coal dust, silica dust and other dusts were 1.50 (0.78, 2.23), 0.45 (0.28, 0.60) and 1.15 (0.56, 2.20) mg/m(3), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the dust concentrations and over-limit ratios of free silica content ≤50% and 50% <free silica content ≤80% in the workplaces of employers of different enterprise scales (P<0.05), with higher ratios in large enterprises. There were statistically significant differences in the content of free silica ≤50%, other dusts concentrations and over-limit ratios in the workplaces of employers in different industries (P<0.05), with higher levels in the coal mining and washing industry and the non-metallic mineral mining and selection industry, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the over-limit ratios of coal dust and silica dust in different regions (P<0.05), with higher ratios in the Northwest, Southwest and North China regions. Conclusion: The over-limit ratios of dust concentration in the workplace of the mining industry remains at a relatively high level. In the future, the supervision of enterprises in key areas and industries with serious over-limit should be strengthened to protect the health of workers.

This paper analyzes the impact of U.S. tariff impositions on China on the exports of China’s key industries, particularly the mechanical equipment sector, amid escalating Sino-U. S. trade frictions. Employing the GTAP model, the study simulates and examines changes in China’s mechanical equipment exports under varying tariff levels. The results indicate that as tariff rates increase, China’s exports of mechanical equipment to the United States decline overall, with the electronic equipment and transportation equipment sub-sectors being the most severely affected. Concurrently, China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and social welfare decrease with rising tariffs, whereas the United States experiences slight growth in both GDP and welfare under certain scenarios. This research provides a quantitative basis for adjusting China’s mechanical equipment export policies and offers strategic recommendations for navigating the high-tariff environment.

Digital twin (DT) technology integrates Internet of Things (IoT), communication networks, and sensor systems through high-fidelity modeling and multi-dimensional simulation, enabling dynamic mapping and real-time optimization of physical objects. However, DT development still faces several challenges, including cross-platform interoperability limitations, excessive latency in real-time scenarios, security vulnerabilities in distributed deployments, and the complexity of accurately modeling multi-modal systems. Blockchain (BC) enhances the security and functional scope of DTs across diverse applications. This survey begins by introducing the core principles of BC and DT, and then investigates the rationale and benefits behind their integration. From a data-centric perspective, we explore how Blockchain-empowered Digital Twins (BCDTs) enhance data storage, secure exchange, privacy protection, and system interoperability. The survey further explores the architecture of BCDT systems, covering network topology, functional modules, platform design, and representative prototypes, offering insights into real-world applications. In addition, we survey how BCDT supports the convergence of key Industry 4.0 technologies, including the Internet of Things, vehicle networks, unmanned aerial systems, artificial intelligence, federated learning, 5G mobile networks, and software-defined networking. Industrial-grade quality BCDT-supported applications are highlighted, providing a solid foundation for further research. Finally, we analyze the challenges faced by BCDT and offer some optimistic suggestions for further research in the field of BCDT.

In modern conditions of instability caused by geo-economic and geopolitical shocks, the problem of ensuring compliance of the sectoral structure and infrastructure of the region with the socio-economic changes taking place against this background, requiring the renewal and development of the regional sectoral economic system as a whole, is becoming urgent. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to reformat the region's economy in the direction of updating all stages of the production process: accompanied by the introduction and use of qualitatively new technologies and changes in the structural relationships of industries; allowing timely response to the emerging imbalance between the sectoral structure and infrastructure. The conceptual provisions defining the formation and development of the regional sectoral economic system contain methodological support for analyzing the dynamics of the components of the sectoral structure and infrastructure in order to identify imbalances in the economic performance of key industries for the region. The specific results of the study are: a rating has been compiled for key types of economic activity based on an analysis of a comparison of indicators of the sectoral structure by gross value added and the average number of employees in the Orenburg Region and the Volga Federal District; imbalances have been identified demonstrating the significant dominance of industries related to mining, which characterizes the raw materials specialization of the regional economy and determines the need for its diversification; the factors influencing the formation of the regional sectoral economic system are grouped into general factors related to the regional economic system as a whole and its components, and private factors that take into account the specifics of the sectoral structure, infrastructure and the level of their interaction with the authorities of the region. The proposed solutions to the problem are related to the creation of an organizational and economic mechanism operating within the contour of the regional sectoral economic system, which makes it possible to synchronize and adapt processes and resources used to potential structural changes.