Kebbi State Nigeria Research Articles

Valuation of Proximate, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Cassia torra Native to Zuru Town, Kebbi State Nigeria.

valuation of Proximate, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Cassia torra Native to Zuru Town, Kebbi State Nigeria.

Assessment of Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Borehole Water in Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State Nigeria

This paper assesses the concentrations of specific heavy metals in borehole water within Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State. Utilizing rigorous sampling and analytical methods, the study aims to provide insights into the potential health risks associated with heavy metal exposure in the local water supply. Twenty different borehole water samples were assessed for Zn, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cr and Cd levels (mg/l). The results revealed that only few boreholes water samples had concentration levels of heavy metals that are not within WHO recommended levels. While chromium and cadmium levels are below detection limits .The findings contribute to the understanding of water quality in the region, offering valuable information for public health interventions and water management strategies.

Assessment of Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Borehole Water in Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State Nigeria

This paper assesses certain heavy metal concentrations in borehole water within Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State. Utilizing rigorous sampling and analytical methods, the study aims to provide insights into the potential health risks associated with heavy metal exposure in the local water supply. Twenty different borehole water samples were assessed for Zn, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cr and Cd levels (mg/l). The results revealed that only few boreholes water samples had concentration levels of heavy metals that are not within WHO recommended levels. While chromium and cadmium levels are below detection limits .The findings contribute to the understanding of water quality in the region, offering valuable information for public health interventions and water management strategies.

Proximate, Phytochemical Analysis and Pharmacological Profile of Cassia Torra Native to Zuru Town, Kebbi State Nigeria

Cassia tora, is commonly found in Nigeria, it’s annual shrub which grows in a wild land. The plant and its different parts are used for their nutritional and medicinal purposes. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate nutritional contents, phytochemical analysis and medicainal evaluation of Cassia tora. The crude powder extracts of the leaves of the plants were taken for the study. The phytochemical Screening was done for the selected plants. Phytochemistry of the plant reveals that Cassia tora contains anthraquinones, protein, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, fixed oils and fats. Several chemical contents such asnaphthopyrone glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinone, etc. have beenseparated from this plant. The plants has been found to have hepatoprotective, antigenotoxic, antipsoriatic, antinociceptive, immunostimulatory, anticancerous, antifeedant, larvicidal, antiproliferative, hypolipidemic, antimutagenic activity. It also has a property of mild laxative and diuretics so can be used in constipation, dyspepsia and flatulence. Its decoction is used for healing and washing of wounds.

Determinants of households’ energy consumption in Kebbi State Nigeria

Determinants of households’ energy consumption in Kebbi State Nigeria

HIV screening among prospective blood donors who are negative for conventional screening methods in referral hospitals in Kebbi State Nigeria

HIV screening among prospective blood donors who are negative for conventional screening methods in referral hospitals in Kebbi State Nigeria

PS-P16-4: VALIDATION OF CHO ET AL FORMULA FOR APOLIPOPROTEIN B100 CALCULATION; A POTENTIAL ATHEROSCLEROTIC RISK TOOL IN LIMITED RESOURCES SETTINGS

Objectives: Increased atherogenic lipid molecules such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) concentration is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic, but a substantial risk of cardiovascular disease often remains after LDL and other lipid parameters concentrations have been extensively treated to healthy level. Owning to the lack of assay procedure in the current research geographical area, this study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Apolipoprotein B100 derived from Cho's formula in conjunction with existing routine lipid profile parameters. Method: The lipid profile parameters (TC, LDLC, HDLC, Apo B100, TG and non-HDL-C) in the fasting samples of 301 adult patients in the Chemical Pathology Laboratories of the Federal Medical Centre; Birnin Kudu Jigawa State, and Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State Nigeria. The Apo B100 was calculated using Cho equation (Cho et al., 2012). Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was employed to determine the sensitivity and reliability of lipid parameters in the assessment of atherosclerotic risk. Cho^’ s Equation: ApoB100 = -33.12 + 0.675*LDLc + 11.95*ln(Trig) Results: From the table 1, the areas under the curves represent the probability that the lipid assay for a randomly chosen atherosclerotic risk case (sensitivity) will exceed the result for a randomly chosen no risk case (specificity). The asymptotic significance for HDL-C, TC, LDL-C Apo B100 and non-HDL-C were less than 0.05, and AUC greater than 0.7. Furthermore, LDL-C, Apo B100, non-HDL-C, and TC have AUC of 1.00, 0.990, 0.976, and 0.885 respectively. In addition to their high AUC, the specificity of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C Apo B100 and non-HDL-C for ASCVD risk were 74.4, 37.2, 100.0, 94.8 and 88.4 percent respectfully, whereas TG has no significant influence (AUC) on risk of ASCVD. It is worthy to mention that the AUC of HDL-C was statistically significant, but lower than 0.70 (0.429). The serum TC, LDL-C, Apo B100, and non-HDL-C level of greater than 172.1mmg/dl, 106.3 mg/dl, 95.6 mg/dl, and 135.3 mg/dl respectively were associated with a high risk of atherosclerotic as indicated by their specificities and sensitivities. Conclusion: It can be concluded that using the TC, LDL-C, Apo B100 and non-HDL-C for atherosclerotic risk estimation guaranteed significant reliability. It can be concluded that Apo B100 derived using Cho formula showed a high sensitivity and specificity in predicting atherosclerotic risk at a serum level of approximately 96 mg/dl. Therefore, Apo B100 derived from Cho formula may be a useful tool in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in limited resources settings.

Analysis of the Impacts of Quality Assurance and Quality Control on Construction Projects using RII method

Quality control and quality assurance are important parts of a quality management system, therefore quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control are all part of a quality management system in the construction sector. There are numerous approaches to put into effect for a quality management system in the construction business, which can be done at the company or project level. The motive of this work is to analyze the influence of quality control and quality assurance on building projects by using the RII method of analyses so as to know the relative importance of different factors critical to quality in construction. At the initial stage of this research a questionnaire was developed with thirty seven factors grouped into five groups 153 questionnaires were distributed to professionals and skilled workers in various construction sites belonging to different construction companies within the study area while 136 were returned, data obtained from respondents was analyzed by the use of the statistical package for social science (SPSS) after which the RII method was used to identify the relative importance of the various factors. The impact of various factors were discussed and recommendations were made. The case study area is construction sites in Kebbi state Nigeria. Therefore data obtained was statistically measured and analyzed accordingly.

Attitude of Kabawa community towards girl child education and sustainable development in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State Nigeria

The paper examined Kabawa Community's attitude on girl child education and sustainable development in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The study was undertaken to look at the cultural and educational variables which influence the attitude of Kabawa Community towards girl child education. In conducting the design, the author used a Descriptive Survey research design. The population of 25,150 female students was used from 62 secondary schools that girls are enrolled under the Kebbi State Secondary School Management Board (KSSMB), Nigeria. A sample of 8 schools was randomly selected; 250 students were randomly chosen proportionately. A sample of 58 parents was drawn using quota sampling. The paper found out that non-educated Kabawa parents, especially those in the rural areas, have a negative attitude towards girls' child education.

Semi-Detail Soil Survey and Land Suitability Evaluation for Sugarcane Production at Tungan Ahmadu District, Koko-Besse LGA Kebbi State Nigeria

A semi-detailed soil survey and land suitability evaluation for sugarcane production was conducted at Tungan Ahmadu Koko-Besse LGA, of Kebbi State Nigeria to obtain comprehensive soil data for characterization and classification. The aim was to generate detailed information on the properties, genesis, land characteristics, and classification of soils for their suitability for sugarcane production. The study was carried out in a 4,000ha land area. An interval of 250x250m was used for augering and surface sampling of the soils at a scale of 1:25.000. In each soil mapping unit that was identified a soil profile pit was dug, described and soils sampled in each horizon from bottom-up, to minimize contamination by falling debris and was analyzed in the laboratory. Each soil profile pit was dug to a standard size (200 cm long, 100 cm wide, and a maximum depth of 200 cm or until an impenetrable layer or water table was encountered. Each pit was described regarding its full range of morphological characteristics according to International Standard these include soil depth, horizon thickness, the color of matrix and mottles, texture, structure, consistency, porosity, included materials, roots, and horizon boundary. In addition, records of vegetation/land use, slope, depth to the water table, and internal drainage status was obtained for each profile. Measured variables in the data set were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means and weighted average. Seven soil mapping units tagged TGA1, TGA2, TGA3, TGA4, TGA5, TGA6, and TGA7 were identified based on landforms and soil properties. The soils are slightly acidic (6.30) to moderately acidic (5.60) had low total nitrogen, organic carbon, and CEC hence low fertility. The soils in the study area are moderately deep, poorly drained, and generally loamy sand to sandy in texture. Based on the USDA Soil Taxonomy classification system, three soil units were identified as TGA1, TGA4, TGA5 and TGA6 (Haplustepts), TGA2 and TGA7 (Haplustalfs), and TGA3 (Terriorthents) which correlate according to the World Reference Base (WRB) as Luvisols, Arenosols, and Fluvisols respectively. Analyses on climate, topography, physical soil properties, wetness and fertility suitability at the research site returned results of TGA2, TGA3, TGA4, TGA5 and TGA6, moderately suitable (S2) while TGA1 and TGA7 are marginally suitable (S3) with limited factors of physical and chemical properties.

Testing the accuracy of Soil Testing Kit® Transchem

Soil testing is key to soil fertility management as it serves as a fertilizer application guide to farmers, scientists and consultants. It gives information on soil nutrient status and its supplying capacity. Laboratory (LB) procedures have been the most reliable approach for soil nutrients analyses. However, it is costly and nonpoint. Thus, the use of in–situ testing kit emerges and becomes prominent. Notwithstanding, applicability of soil testing kit must be validated by laboratory test. This work aimed to examine the reliability/suitability of Soil Testing Kit® Transchem (SK) in determining selected soil nutrients in Sahel Savannah, Nigeria. Twentyfive replicate soil samples were collected from 12°47’86’’-12°20’96’’N and 4°38’37’’-4°188’02’’E, Kebbi State Nigeria and used to test soil pH, N, P, K and soil organic carbon (SOC) by SK and LB. The SK uses colour chart and comparator for rating nutrients status qualitatively into; low, medium and high and up to very high for P. The LB results were transformed to qualitative data by corresponding the values with soil rating standardinto low, medium and high. To perform statistics, weighting was done by assigning weight load to each category; low = 1, medium = 2 and high = 3. The two methods were compared using t-test, regression and descriptive analyses. Results showed non-significant difference between the two methods for soil contents of N, P and K. However, SK poorly estimated soil pH and SOC. Correlation and regression coefficients (r = 0.915 and R2 = 0.838, respectively) indicated reliability of the SK. It is concluded that SK can be reliably used for N, P, and K but not soil pH and SOC estimation for soils in Sahel savannah of Nigeria.

Soil Survey and Land Suitability Evaluation for Sugar Cane Production at Zagga District, Bagudo Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Semi-detail soil survey and land suitability evaluation for sugarcane production was carried out in Zagga, Bagudo LGA of Kebbi State Nigeria at scale of 1:25,000 on 8,000 ha of land. The objectives were to describe the morphological and chemical properties of the soils. The entire study area was classified in to five soil units named as ZG1, ZG2, ZG3, ZG4, and ZG5. Surface soil samples were examined and collected from 0-15cm, 15-30cm depth using soil auger at 200x200m interval. Five soil profile pits were dug, described and soils sampled from bottom up, to minimized contamination by falling debris. Each soil profile pit was described based on horizon thickness, depth, colour of matrix and mottles, consistency, included materials, roots, horizon boundary, vegetation/ land use, slope, depth to water table and drainage status. The soils are slightly acidic (6.30) to moderately acidic (5.60). The total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, and basic cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) were low to moderately low according to guidelines for nutrient rating and interpretation for Nigerian soils. The soils were moderately drained. According to USDA soil taxonomy classification the soils of ZG 1 and ZG 2 were classified as Dystrustepts while ZG 3, ZG 4 and ZG 5 were classified as Haplustepts and correlated with World Reference Based System as Arenosols and Luvisols. ZG1 and ZG2 were named as moderately suitable (S2) while ZG3, ZG4 and ZG5 were marginally suitable (S3) according to the guidelines of land suitability evaluation for sugarcane production.

Designing an SMS reminder intervention to improve vaccination uptake in Northern Nigeria: a qualitative study

BackgroundPenta3 coverage in Nigeria was low at 33 % in 2017. The most reported reason for non-vaccination was lack of knowledge about the immunization place, time, and need. To address knowledge gaps and improve vaccination uptake, we designed an Immunization Reminder and Information SMS System (IRISS) to educate and remind parents/caregivers about immunization using SMS. A formative study was conducted to understand the contextual and behavioural factors that would inform the IRISS intervention design and implementation.MethodsWe conducted the study in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kebbi State Nigeria in October 2018, amongst a diverse selection of participants. Data on social norms about vaccinations, barriers to immunization uptake, mobile phone use, SMS message testing, and willingness to accept SMS reminders were collected from focus group discussions (N = 11), in-depth interviews (N = 12), and key informant interviews (N = 13). In addition, we assessed 33 messages covering schedule reminders, normative, motivational, educational, and informative contents for clarity, comprehensibility, relevance, cultural appropriateness, and ability to motivate action among community members from Argungu and Fakai LGAs. All interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe interviewed 135 people, and 90 % were community members. While we found positive perceptions about immunizations among those interviewed, pockets of misconceptions existed among community members. Lack of awareness on the importance of vaccination was a consistent reason for under-vaccination across the LGAs. In addition, most community members do not own phones, could not read SMS messages, and were unaware of how to check/open text messages received. Despite concerns about low literacy levels and phone ownership, community members still saw a role in SMS reminders when phone owners receive messages. For instance, community leaders can disseminate said messages to community members through existing channels such as town announcers and religious gatherings. Therefore, the SMS becomes a source of information, with phone owners acting as a conduit to community dissemination mechanisms. We generally found the tested messages to be relevant, motivating, and culturally acceptable.ConclusionsSMS reminders have the potential to bridge the information gap in community awareness for vaccination, which can translate to improved immunization uptake. In rural communities with low literacy levels and phone ownership, immunization information can be disseminated when existing community leadership structures are engaged.

Yield and yield attributes of lowland rice as affected by weed control methods in Sudan savanna zone of Kebbi State Nigeria

Field experiment was conducted during 2019 rainy season at the Experimental/Seed Multiplication Farm of National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Rice Research sub-station, Gwadangaji, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State (latitude 12º 11’; longitude 12º 4’). The treatments consist of factorial combination of two level of Topstar spectrum 600 and 400 ml ha-1, two level of Cranstan spectrum 1250 and 800 ml ha-1; (pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide), hoe weeding and a weedy check. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and were replicated three times. Data were taken and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Result obtained revealed that, Topstar at the rate of 600 ml haˉ¹ produced significantly higher number of productive tillers, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. Topstar show highest weed control than all other treatments. Weed cover score and weed dry weight significantly responded to weed control treatments. The result also shows that weedy check consistently recorded the highest value for weed cover and weed dry weight which was followed by plot treated with Cranstan at 800 ml haˉ¹. Topstar at 600 ml haˉ¹ is found to be the best pre-emergence spectrum in weed management in rice field.

In <i>Vitro</i> Anthelmintic Activity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Celosia</i> laxa Schum. & Thonn

Background: Celosia laxa (Amaranthaceae) is mainly a west African plant species used in Traditional Medicine as an anthelmintic, anticancer, antibacterial and analgesic agent. The seeming prevalence of worm infection in Gwandu community of Gwandu Local Government Area of Kebbi State-Nigeria prompted this study. Methods: Whole plant of C. laxa extracts obtained through maceration in aqueous (AE), methanol (ME) and hexane (HE) solvents were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuman) at four different (gradient) concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 80 (mg/ml) for each extract. The study involved the determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Results: Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at the highest concentration of 80 mg/ml as compared to the standard drug, praziquantel (10 mg/ml). Consequently, the aqueous extract showed a higher activity at 80 mg/ml compared to standard praziquantel at 10 mg/ml (with no significant value of p 0.05). The time of paralysis and death observed for AE was 13.0 ± 1.8 and 16.8 ± 1.5 while the ME was less bioactive with 15.7 ± 0.5 and 23.0 ± 0.0 respectively. However, on the other hand, the hexane extract recorded no-activity on all the test sample concentrations, compared to the standard drug (with a significant difference of p-value, p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the leaves of C. laxa are likely to yield a potent anthelminthic drug owing to soluble phytoconstituent which are largely hydrophilicity extracted by the polar solvents. Also, considering that the plants’ mode of preparation for use by the locals was aqueous decoction before administration, the folkloric therapeutic claims can be said to have been justified.

Effect of Parenting Styles on Social Adjustment of Secondary School Students in Kebbi State, Nigeria

This study aimed at investigating the effect of parenting styles on social adjustment of senior secondary school students in Kebbi State Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was employed to collect the data. The study was carried out on a sample of 291 senior secondary school students drawn from 1,252 SS II students of six (6) selected senior secondary schools, using stratified random sampling technique. Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to assess three (3) parenting styles, while Modified Social Adjustment Scale (MSAS) was used to assess the social adjustment level of the students. One (1) hypothesis was formulated and tested in the study. The results of data analysis using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that parenting styles (Democratic, Autocratic and Permissive) have significant effect on social adjustment of senior secondary school students. It is recommended that since parenting styles effect the social adjustment of students, parents should endeavour to adopt a style such as the democratic one that ensures or guarantees the development of some measure of positive self-concept, self-confidence, and self-esteem in the students.

Occurence and Antimicrobial Resistant Patterns of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Among Practicing Veterinarians in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Abstract Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen incriminated in causing multiple disease conditions in humans and livestock. Studies have shown relationships between livestock rearing and increased MRSA colonization risk among farm workers, and also suggest that livestock may serves as reservoirs of the bacteria and could also infect humans via close contact and consumption of contaminated animal products. The aim of this study was to investigate if practicing veterinarians with significant livestock contacts are at risk for MRSA colonization. Therefore, a non-randomized survey was conducted to establish the presence of MRSA among veterinarians practicing in Kebbi State Nigeria, using both cultural characteristics and molecular detection of the resistant gene (mecA). Forty-one (41) nasal swabs were aseptically collected. The detection rate of MRSA in the veterinarians was 14.6 %. The study revealed a high occurrence rate of MRSA among veterinarians in the study area. The relatively high prevalence recorded among veterinarians in this study could be attributed to the poor understanding of MRSA as a disease, its mode of transmission and its status in the country which have contributed immensely to the little/no awareness of MRSA among veterinarians and hence making it favourable for the bacteria (MRSA) to spread.

Incidence and Distribution of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Disease in Kebbi State, Nigeria

The study was conducted to assess the incidences of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus disease (RYMVD) in Kebbi State Nigeria, a field survey was conducted in four rice-growing areas of the State. Rice fields were selected randomly at 2 km interval, severity of the disease was assess using arbitrary five-point scale and disease incidence was assessed according to the proportion of the plants showing symptoms. Thirty plants were assessed in each field visited. Symptoms occurred in varying levels of incidence. The presence of RYMV in the collected samples was confirmed using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Mottle/yellowing symptom was found more on the plants assessed (46%) followed by leaf curling (21%), leaf necrosis (09%), leaf deformation (11%) and irregular patches (13%). RYMVD was found highly distributed in the State with average incidence of 54.38%. The highest incidence was recorded in in Yauri (67.50%) followed by Argungu (55.00%), Bagudo (52.50%) and the lowest was recorded in Suru (42.50%). The average symptom severity across all the four Local Governments visited was 2.8, the highest was recorded in Yauri (3.2), followed by Argungu (2.9), Bagudo (2.7) and Suru 2.3. The information obtained in this study would assist rice breeding programs to develop durable RYMV rice resistant cultivars and guide in the identification of RYMVD hot spot locations for seed multiplication trials in Kebbi State.

Clinical Outbreak of Dermatophilosis in Cattle in Kebbi State Nigeria and Review of Literature

Clinical Outbreak of Dermatophilosis in Cattle in Kebbi State Nigeria and Review of Literature

Leaf Phenology of Cassia Sieberiana L. in KSUSTA Campus of Kebbi State, Nigeria

The Aliero local government area is located at approximate latitudes 110 03' S, 120 47'N and longitudes 30 6'W and 40 27'E. In kebbi state, north western part of Nigeria, It also has a total area of 412 square kilometers and is bordered in the east by Tambuwal Local government area of Sokoto state in the North West by Birnin Kebbi local government area in the South West by Jega local government area. The study was carried out in Aliero local government area, Kebbi state Nigeria. Leaf exchange is crucial in the lifecycle patterns of a tree species, these also includes leaf fall, leaf emergence, leaf flush, death or senescence (leaf onset and leaf offset). The study of leaf dynamics is termed leaf Phenology. Phonological phases are reoccurring biological events that signal changes in climate, environmental conditions, and genetic factors during the developmental growth of plants. Cassia sieberiana L trees maintained significant foliage was recorded in March in individuals which did not become leafless.