Terms Of Justice Research Articles

Semantic, Morphological, Syntactic Formation of Psychological Terms

This article provides a brief overview of the formation and construction of phycological terms. Moreover, the article considers phycological terminology in terms of justification and construction based on simple terms and examples.

성평등 관점의 성교육을 실천하는 보건교사의 경험에 관한 내러티브 탐구

Objectives The purpose of this study was to conduct a narrative inquiry into the motivations for practicing sexuality education provided by health teachers and the various practice experiences of sexuality education from a gender equality perspective.
 Methods Six health teachers who practice sexuality education from a gender equality perspective were selected as participants in this study. By collecting stories about their experience in practicing sexuality education from a gender equality perspective and going through the process of reexamining the research purpose and research puzzle, the intermediate text was processed based on the three axes of narrative inquiry: temporality, sociality, and space (place). The intermediate text was interpreted and analyzed with evidences based on the perspective of the research puzzle and previous research and theory and presented as a research text.
 Results The meaning of the health teacher's experience of practicing sexuality education from a gender equality perspective was derived by classifying it into three dimensions: personal justification, practical justification, and social justification. First, in terms of personal justification, it was derived as ‘awareness of gender inequality and growth gained from it’, ‘self-reflection and internalization of gender equality perspective’, and ‘establishing teacher identity as a minority in school space’. Second, in terms of practical justification, it was derived as ‘approaching everyday life as unfamiliar and making gender equality a habit’, ‘expanding the perspective of gender equality to the periphery’, and ‘changing perception of feminism’. Third, in the social justification dimension, it was derived as ‘implications of the implementation process for generalization of gender equality education’, ‘desire to improve structure for efficient practice of gender equality education’, and ‘clarification of support for gender equality education policy’.
 Conclusions This study about the current state of sexuality education from a gender equality perspective provides meaningful data to prepare practical support measures, suggests new practice and processes to solve problems in school sexuality education, and contributes to find the alternatives for various changes in the sexuality education field in the future.

When should sunscreen be applied: The balance between health benefit and adverse consequences to humans and the environment.

To propose a strategy for using sunscreens that optimizes the balance between skin health and adverse effects to humans and the environment. A model was developed to explore the relationship between sunscreen usage and personal sun exposure throughout the year in populations resident at different latitudes. There is little biological justification in terms of skin health for applying sunscreen over the 4-6 winter months at latitudes of 45° N and higher, whereas year-round sunscreen is advised at latitudes of 30° N and lower. Avoiding sunscreen application at times when it is biologically unnecessary results in an annual reduction in sunscreen use of 25%. Furthermore, using products containing UV filters over the winter months at more northerly latitudes could lead to a higher number of people with vitamin D deficiency. The single largest use of sunscreen is on a sun-seeking holiday and encouragement to make more use of clothing and shade would appreciably reduce the sunscreen burden to the environment. We need to use sunscreens wisely so that we gain the health benefit from their use while at the same time limiting possible harm to ourselves and the environment.

Аналитическое решение задачи определения границы растекания потока

A mathematical model of a two-dimensional high-speed flow in terms of justification and taking into account several physical assumptions is formulated. The problem is solved analytically in the plane of the velocity hodograph and in the physical plane to determine all parameters in terms of flow flow. The coupling of a uniform flow with a general flow in the form of a "simple wave" made it possible to achieve a reduction in the error of the mathematical model. The adequacy of the pre-sented method is shown.
 The existing models are described that are insufficiently acceptable and adequate in terms of the geometry of the flow boundary, but with a large mismatch in local depths and velocities. The adequacy of the new model as a whole is characterized by the convergence of the model parameters both in geometry (flow spreading boundaries) and kinematics (depth and flow velocity) increased to 18% in both directions.
 The section of the "simple wave" should be well combined with the real flow, taking into ac-count the forces of resistance to the flow. The boundaries of the use of the proposed model belong to the section of the expansion of the flow in 3-7 b as required in the reference literature, and have been clarified in earlier works. The proposed model, as shown in the article, takes into account real (experimental) flow spreading and is consistent with previously performed theoretical studies. An important conclusion in the article is that the values of the Froude criterion in the new model can be any in the range from 1 to infinity, and at the same time the section "$X_D^I$" can increase with in-creasing Froude number.

General justification in terms of effectiveness and toxicities for the use of nanocarriers

General justification in terms of effectiveness and toxicities for the use of nanocarriers

Pencegahan Perilaku Penyimpangan Anak Melalui Lembaga Layanan Perlindungan dan Pengembangan Anak di Pusat Pengembangan Anak (PPA) Anugerah Pakisan Kabupaten Temanggung

Deviant behavior is behavior that violates the moral principles of decency, both in terms of individual humanity and justification as a characteristic of social beings. Not only adults, children also currently show deviant behavior. The current speed of communication flow can foster children's curiosity and encourage them to try new things. The purpose of this study is to explain deviant behavior that often occurs in the environment around PPA and what factors influence children to carry out deviant behavior. In addition, this study aims to explain the efforts made by PPA in preventing deviant behavior in children. This research was carried out using sociological juridical research methods, the specifics of this research are descriptive. The research data was sourced from interviews. Data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of the study (1) factors that influence children to carry out deviant behavior are biological factors, psychological factors, and sociological factors, besides that there are factors from a bad environment, lack of attention from parents and influence from friends. (2) Efforts to overcome deviant behavior in children can be carried out with prevention efforts without punishment, such as the participation of community social institutions. PPA is a community social institution that in responding to children's deviant behavior is by providing infrastructure that accommodates children's creativity, improving children's mental health.

On Consistent Entropy-Regularized k-Means Clustering With Feature Weight Learning: Algorithm and Statistical Analyses.

Clusters in real data are often restricted to low-dimensional subspaces rather than the entire feature space. Recent approaches to circumvent this difficulty are often computationally inefficient and lack theoretical justification in terms of their large-sample behavior. This article deals with the problem by introducing an entropy incentive term to efficiently learn the feature importance within the framework of center-based clustering. A scalable block-coordinate descent algorithm, with closed-form updates, is incorporated to minimize the proposed objective function. We establish theoretical guarantees on our method by Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) theory to establish strong consistency along with uniform concentration bounds. The merits of our method are showcased through detailed experimental analysis on toy examples as well as real data clustering benchmarks.

Dynamic bid–ask pricing under Dempster-Shafer uncertainty

We deal with the problem of pricing in a multi-period binomial market model, allowing for frictions in the form of bid–ask spreads. We introduce and characterize time-homogeneous Markov multiplicative binomial processes under Dempster-Shafer uncertainty together with the induced conditional Choquet expectation operator. Given a market formed by a frictionless risk-free bond and a non-dividend paying stock with frictions, we prove the existence of an equivalent one-step Choquet martingale belief function. We then propose a dynamic Choquet pricing rule with bid–ask spreads showing that the discounted lower price process of a European derivative contract on the stock is a Choquet super-martingale. We finally provide a normative justification in terms of a dynamic generalized no-arbitrage condition relying on the notion of partially resolving uncertainty due to Jaffray.

Practice of Caste Hierarchy in Nepali Muslim Society

A nation like Nepal, where Hindus make up the bulk of the population, places a greater emphasis on the study of religious minorities. Caste is a distinctive type of stratification. It is purely a Hindu phenomenon that is comprehensible and explicable in terms of Hindu principles and justifications. In addition to the Indian subcontinent, caste is widespread in the Arab world, Polynesia, North and East Africa, Japan, and North America. Like in the Hindu community, there is caste purity and practice of hierarchy in Muslim community. Saiyedism in Muslims society (the Arab domination) like Brahminism in Hindu society is a primary cause of caste prejudice in the Muslim community.
 This paper outlines the crucial steps that must be completed at each stage of the caste hierarchy and is based on qualitative research. The subject is being generalized through an observational technique, in-depth interviews, and library research. Muslim scholars and elderly persons who had experienced such practice were picked as the respondents for the purpose of learning more. The respondents are identified as Res.1, Res.2, Res.3, and so forth because they requested anonymity. The Muslim caste hierarchical system in Nepal is the area of this study. It tries to combat the issue of caste hierarchy among Muslim people in Nepal.

Geography and ethics II: Justification and the ethics of anti-oppression

This report on geography and ethics focusses on the justification of normative evaluations. Justifying why actions are right or wrong often relies on appeals to high-order principles, such as the common good. But this is not always the case, as this report shows by identifying an ethics of anti-oppression that relies instead on struggles against individual and social harms and the conditions that generate them. Through resistance, ethics of anti-oppression also shift the terms of normative justification across a range of considerations within geography and beyond it, from refugees and asylum seekers to food production and blockades against extractive infrastructure.

Ideal rationality and the relation between propositional and doxastic justification

In this paper, I explore how the ideal rationality-based account of propositional justification impacts our understanding of the relation between propositional and doxastic justification. The ideal rationality-based account sits uncomfortably with the widely accepted claim that propositional justification is necessary for doxastic justification. In particular, the combination of the necessity claim and the ideal rationality-based account of propositional justification entails that some plausible doxastic attitudes are doxastically unjustified and thereby severs epistemic justification from connections with epistemic responsibility and the competent formation of beliefs. Thus, those who endorse both the necessity claim and the ideal rationality-based account of propositional justification will be forced to give up either their account of propositional justification or the necessity claim. I argue that there is good reason to give up the ideal rationality-based account of propositional justification instead of the necessity claim. This result indicates that an adequate account of propositional justification should be sensitive to the agent’s cognitive capacities. If propositional justification should be understood in this way, then the widely accepted explanation of doxastic justification in terms of propositional justification is not promising either. This is because an agent’s cognitive capacities and limitations play a prominent role in understanding propositional justification. Instead, I argue that, at the explanatory level, propositional justification relies on doxastic justification.

The Semiotic Potential of Mythology: Post-Metaphysical Version

Myth has been and continues to be an enigma to science, and its interest has led to an endless number of theories, concepts, and new questions. One of them is the phenomenon of myth when it is infinite through its semantic interpretation of the world without giving up its symbolic character. If for a long time the concepts of “myth” and “logic” were conceptually opposed, the linguistic paradigm of cultural philosophy, born in the womb of postmetaphysics, has opened the possibility of fully thinking through the logic of myth.In Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy, myth is total – it is in language and style, among the means of logical constructions of his texts, etc., because for him the existence of the world itself is semiotic. The phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, spoke about the myth in the key of finding and recreating their primary meanings as the reference concepts of ontology. The philosophy of symbolic forms by Ernst Cassirer, as well as the apology of the logic of myth by Alexey Losev, Yakov Golosovker are considered in terms of justification of the symbolic nature of myth as a manifestation of the symbolic language of sacral character.The “mythology” term used in this work does not claim to be a concept, but its legitimacy is based on the teaching of Claude Levi-Strauss, “charged” ideas of existential philosophy, which contributed to the discovery of the phenomenon of «handiness" as manifestations of immediate sensitivity to the world as existence. The ideas about the sacred nature of the symbol, which are further developed in this article, served as a basis for the possibility of speaking about mythology as a method of encoding the sacred, which is particularly significant and peculiar in the symbol. It is assumed that the symbolic exists in the space of the sacred, whose loss transforms it into a sign.

Two grounds of multiculturalism

Will Kymlicka has grounded group-differentiated rights for nationalcultural groups in the values of freedom and autonomy. An alternative moral foundation for such rights is dignity. In this contribution I contrast the freedom and the dignity case for multiculturalism in terms of their intellectual history and their contemporary justificatory potential. I show that the freedom grounding stands in the Herderian-romantic tradition, whereas the dignity case is older and hearkens back to the humanist claim for vernacular development. In terms of justification, I argue that, while freedom and dignity can independently justify group-differentiated rights, a theory that includes both justificatory grounds is stronger because these grounds can strengthen each other: firstly, dignitarian multiculturalism can help the freedom-based theory in withstanding the assimilationist claim that any cultural context – and not only people’s own culture – may foster freedom; while, secondly, the freedom case strengthens the dignity case by providing absolute ammunition to ward off the objection that dignity claims are normatively weak because they rely on subjective feelings.

The quality of informational social support in online health communities: A content analysis of cancer-related discussions.

Informational social support is one of the main reasons for patients to visit online health communities (OHCs). Calls have been made to investigate the objective quality of such support in the light of a worrying number of inaccurate online health-related information. The main aim of this study is to conceptualize the Quality of Informational Social Support (QISS) and develop and test a measure of QISS for content analysis. A further aim is to investigate the level of QISS in cancer-related messages in the largest OHC in Slovenia and examine the differences among various types of discussion forums, namely, online consultation forums, online support group forums, and socializing forums. A multidimensional measurement instrument was developed, which included 20 items in a coding scheme for a content analysis of cancer-related messages. On a set of almost three million posts published between 2015 and 2019, a machine-learning algorithm was used to detect cancer-related discussions in the OHC. We then identified the messages providing informational social support, and through quantitative content analysis, three experts coded a random sample of 403 cancer-related messages for the QISS. The results demonstrate a good level of interrater reliability and agreement for a QISS scale with six dimensions, each demonstrating good internal consistency. The results reveal large differences among the social support, socializing, and consultation forums, with the latter recording significantly higher quality in terms of accuracy (M = 4.48, P < .001), trustworthiness (M = 4.65, P < .001), relevance (M = 3.59, P < .001), and justification (M = 3.81, P = .05) in messages providing informational social support regarding cancer-related issues. This study provides the research field with a valid tool to further investigate the factors and consequences of varying quality of information exchanged in supportive communication. From a practical perspective, OHCs should dedicate more resources and develop mechanisms for the professional moderation of health-related topics in socializing forums and thereby suppress the publication and dissemination of low-quality information among OHC users and visitors.

COVID-19 Housing Policy: State and Federal Eviction Moratoria and Supportive Measures in the United States During the Pandemic

This article provides the first comprehensive description of federal and state housing policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Beginning on March 13, 2020, the federal government, 43 states, the District of Columbia, and five American territories issued eviction moratoria that varied in terms of justification, the stage(s) of eviction frozen, the duration and source of protections, and the eligible population. There were cross-state differences in implementation of the two federal eviction moratoria and in additional renter-supportive measures. Although eviction moratoria were largely justified on public health grounds, protections were lifted or weakened prior to control of the pandemic. Moratoria—especially those that froze the earliest stages of the eviction process—significantly reduced eviction filings. The descriptive and analytic framework detailed here provides researchers and practitioners with the tools to advance, evaluate, and refine renter protection strategies that serve to safeguard communities from housing loss.

A Study on Peer Mediation in Dynamic Assessment of Translation Revision Competence

ABSTRACT This study investigated how peer-mediated Dynamic Assessment (DA) unfolded in translation revision competence (TRC) of students of Master’s degree of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) in China. Thirty subjects first completed three revision tasks and were then rated as high- or low-level performers according to their average scores across the first two tasks. Students were subsequently assigned to either the role of learner or peer mediator. Peer mediators received training in a graduated prompts approach to DA to learn how to provide their peers with mediation. Peer mediation sessions were conducted with the mediators and the learners paired at random and directed to jointly review their third revision. After that, all participants re-revised their last texts with their justifications and were interviewed about their attitudes towards peer interaction and their progress in TRC. Diagnosis of TRC comprised scores of the first two revisions as well as the third revision following peer mediation, with this latter score indicating responsiveness to mediation and interpreted as the Zone of Proximal Development. The findings indicated that peer mediation may help improve both mediators’ and learners’ TRC, yet other potential factors at work should not be ignored. The peer engagement process allowed participants to improve their TRC in terms of justification and interpersonal skills. This research explored the application of DA in translation training and provided a process-oriented evaluation for translation studies.

Classical reasoning in the justification paradigm

Abstract Artemov, building upon a tradition beginning with Kolmogorov and Gödel, developed a paradigm for understanding Constructive Reasoning in terms of classical proofs. Kolmogorov–Gödel–Artemov constructivism flies in the face of the usual understanding of Constructive Reasoning as being distinguished from Classical Reasoning in terms of its theory of truth. Is there something that stands to traditional Classical Reasoning as Kolmogorov–Gödel–Artemov constructivism stands to Constructive Reasoning? In this paper, we develop an affirmative answer to this question by presenting a justification account of Classical Reasoning in terms of explicit justification. The traditional truth paradigm account of Classical Reasoning leads to the well-known paradoxes of material implication. We show that the justification account of Classical Reasoning avoids this problem.1

Private liability without wrongdoing

Rights-based theories of private law tend to be wrongs based and defendant focused. But many private law wrongs do not seem like genuine wrongs, at least when the background distribution of resources is unjust. A very poor person, for example, may be held legally liable for breaching a one-sided contract with a very rich person. When such a contract reflects and reproduces existing injustice, it is hard to view the poor person’s breach of such a contract as a genuine wrong against the rich person. Conversely, some obvious moral wrongs do not generate legal liability. There is, for example, no private law duty of rescue in the absence of a prior relationship in many situations in which most would agree that there is a moral duty of rescue. Thus, private legal liability seems not to track moral wrongdoing in significant respects, raising the question what instead justifies such liability. Instead of justifying private liability in terms of the defendant’s wrongdoing, as corrective justice and civil recourse theorists do, we should seek a justification in terms of the plaintiff’s moral permission to enforce her apparent rights. Switching our gaze from the defendant’s wrongdoing to the plaintiff’s moral permission to enforce her rights will not be normatively consequential if the plaintiff’s moral permission arises when and only when the defendant has wronged her. But, I argue, background injustice can drive a wedge between genuine wrongdoing and the plaintiff’s moral permission. Thus, by reconceptualizing private liability in terms of a plaintiff’s moral permission to enforce her apparent rights, private law may be justified by the essential role it plays in constituting non-ideal political morality.

Rectifying inequities in resource collection in young children.

Numerous studies have documented children's understanding of fairness through their ability to rectify inequities when distributing resources to others. Understanding fairness, however, involves more than just applying norms of equity when distributing resources. Children must also navigate situations in which resources are collected from them for a common good. The developmental origins and the trajectory of equitable resource collection are understudied in the literature on children's prosocial behavior. Experiment 1 presented 4- to 8-year-olds (N=130) with characters who started with different amounts of resources that were available for both personal use and a group project in school. Participants were asked how a teacher should fairly collect resources from the two characters, contrasting the teacher taking the same amount of resources from each individual (preserving the inequity) or leaving each individual with the same amount of resources (rectifying the inequity). Four- and 5-year-olds responded randomly; 6- to 8-year-olds preferred to rectify the inequity. Experiment 2 reproduced this finding on a new group of 5- to 7-year-olds (N=69), eliciting justifications for their choice. Justifications in terms of fairness related to equitable choices. Experiment 3 reproduced this finding again in a new group of 5- to 7-year-olds (N=77), contrasting children's preference for equitable resource collection with that of resource distribution. Children were more likely to rectify an inequity when collecting resources than when distributing resources to individuals who started with an inequity. This difference was driven more by the younger children in the sample. We discuss potential mechanisms for these findings in terms of children's developing concepts of fairness. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Across three experiments, children developed preferences for equitable collection of resources by age 6. Preferences for equitable resource collection were more likely to be justified by appealing to concepts of fairness. Although preferences for equitable resource collection emerged slightly before equitable resource distribution, these data suggest children develop a unified mechanism for prosocial resource allocation.

Preservice Chemistry Teachers’ Understanding of Surface Tension through Guided-Inquiry

The purpose of this study was to improve preservice chemistry teachers’ understanding of surface tension by using guided-inquiry activities. Ten preservice chemistry teachers participated in this study. Data were collected with open-ended questions on the effect of molecular weight, branching, and temperature on surface tension before and after guided-inquiry. The results indicated that most of the participants had difficulties in understanding surface tension and could not provide scientific explanations before the guided-inquiry activities. However, after the guided-inquiry activities, most of the participants were able to provide true or partially true responses and also to present scientific justifications in terms of the effect of molecular weight and the effect of branching on surface tension. Moreover, the study revealed that guided-inquiry activities immensely helped participants to understand the effect of temperature on surface tension, especially when compared to the effect of the other two factors. The study found that guided-inquiry activities improved the understanding of the preservice chemistry teachers about surface tension. In light of the results of this study, implications are stated for preservice chemistry teacher education and chemistry education researchers.