Dual system involvement: A scoping review on the intersection of child welfare and juvenile justice systems.

Mortality among people who had contact with the criminal justice system during adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-European migrants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Swiss forensic and general psychiatric care facilities - A comparative study using machine learning.

ABSTRACT Carceral social workers have to balance ambivalences between the interest of incarcerated people and the criminal justice system. The professional ethics of social work practice provide some answers to this challenge. Nevertheless, they are strongly based in a humanist understanding of our world. We therefore set out to explore how social work practice in carceral settings unfolds and how we could understand it, not only from the perspective of traditional social work ethics but from one of posthuman care ethics. We mobilise this perspective to go beyond a traditional professional and ethical view of social work practice to ask what would be required in a carceral setting to acknowledge (incarcerated) people fully in their entanglement with the world and how spaces could open up for potential to unfold and flourish. We base our analysis and thoughts on fieldwork conducted in an open prison in Switzerland.

Racial disparities in discretionary parole decisions persist, yet their cultural underpinnings remain poorly understood. The US justice system, shaped by White American cultural norms, may implicitly favor parole candidates who explain their crimes through dispositional rather than situational attributions. Importantly, however, findings from studies of cultural psychology suggest that while White Americans tend to frame behavior in dispositional terms, Black, Hispanic, and East Asian Americans are more likely to acknowledge situational contributors. Across four studies, we tested whether these attributional differences can contribute to racial disparities in parole. In studies 1 and 2 (total n = 588), White American mock parole candidates were more likely to use dispositional attributions to explain their hypothetical crimes, while those from racial and cultural minorities either showed no preference or favored situational explanations. In study 3 (n = 512), White American mock parole commissioners perceived candidates providing dispositional (vs. situational) explanations about their crimes as less likely to reoffend. In study 4, analyzing 183 real parole hearings via natural language processing methods, we found that candidates granted parole used dispositional framing of their past criminal offenses more often. These findings highlight a cultural mismatch between minority parole candidates and the expectations of the US justice system, potentially perpetuating racial disparities. Addressing this misalignment may offer a new pathway for reducing systemic bias in discretionary parole decisions.

The Amsterdam post-booking diversion program; a new program for mentally disordered suspects.

This article examines systematic breaches of medical confidentiality in Argentina's reproductive healthcare system, where healthcare providers often report patients experiencing obstetric emergencies to law enforcement agencies. Drawing on judicial records, interviews with healthcare professionals, and analysis of medical curricula, the study shows how structural weaknesses, regulatory ambiguities, and biases in medical education undermine professional confidentiality, turning hospitals into patients' entry points to the criminal justice system rather than spaces of care. Despite strong constitutional protections and Supreme Court rulings affirming patients' rights to confidentiality, significant gaps persist between legal standards and practice. Situating Argentina within broader Latin American patterns, the article argues that clearer institutional guidelines, improved professional training, and consistent judicial interpretation are needed to align medical practice with human rights standards and rebuild patient trust.

Impact of cannabis legalization on drug possession offences among people who experience incarceration in Ontario, Canada.

The use of the tattoo as an investigative tool at the crime scene.

Electronic monitoring ('tracking') of individuals has been used in the UK criminal justice system for over three decades, and its use is increasing. Electronic monitoring has more recently been implemented in forensic psychiatric services, which has generated considerable debate about the appropriateness of its use in clinical settings, and about legal and ethical concerns. The purpose of this article is to formally address the ethical issues that arise from using electronic monitoring in forensic psychiatry. These issues are considered using the Four Principles approach to medical ethics, namely autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. We conclude that by adopting a patient-centred approach, where informed consent is sought, and the patient's best interests remain central to the decision-making process, electronic monitoring is both ethical and justifiable. More robust studies are required to develop standardised clinical guidelines for the use of EM in forensic psychiatry, and to apply the theory of patient-centred, consent-driven care to practice.

Treatment options in sexually transgressive behaviors in adolescence: Review and presentation of a novel prevention program 180Grad.

Each year, approximately 17 000 children will have a mother who is imprisoned in England and Wales. The impact of maternal vs paternal imprisonment is very different; the negative health consequences on children are likely to be much greater if a mother is imprisoned. The number of children affected by non-custodial justice involvement is likely to be far greater given the higher number of women under probation supervision. However, no official statistics or estimates are collected for this population. The purpose of the CHAMPION (children whose mothers are involved in the criminal justice system in Dorset & Hampshire, UK - developing health and social care outcome indicators) study is to develop a better understanding of the evidence of the impact of maternal contact with the CJS (Criminal Justice System) on children and to establish a set of core outcome indicators for monitoring and evaluating affected children's health and well-being. (i) A scoping review of the health impacts of maternal vs paternal imprisonment, (ii) qualitative focus groups and interviews with adults whose mother was imprisoned when they were children and children of mothers who have either been or currently are in prison or have received community order sentences. Qualitative interviews with a range of professionals working with these children, (iii) an outcomes workshop with justice-involved mothers and professionals working with the children and families of justice-involved mothers, and adult children who experienced maternal imprisonment. Ethical approval from the University of Southampton's Faculty of Medicine Review Panel (Ref: 76946) and His Majesty's Prisons and Probation Service (HMPPS) National Research Committee (Ref: 2023-135). Publishing in peer-reviewed journals, presenting at research conferences, round table events and community-based workshops. The study's peer researchers and lived experience leaders will enable the dissemination of findings beyond academic audiences and policy makers to third sector CJS organisations and individuals with lived experience.

This research aims to analyze the legal arrangements and forms of punishment for minors who are involved in narcotics abuse, as well as to identify the factors that cause children to fall into this action. This research is motivated by the increasing number of cases of narcotics abuse by children, which raises concerns regarding legal protection for children and the effectiveness of the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, case studies. Data sources were obtained through literature studies of statutory regulations, literature books, scientific journals. The results of the research show that legal regulations regarding children involved in narcotics abuse have been contained in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. However, in practice, the approach to punishment towards children still tends to be repressive. Diversion and rehabilitation have not yet become a complete priority. Apart from that, factors such as a non-conducive family environment, peer influence, social pressure, and weak legal education are factors that encourage children to abuse narcotics. This research recommends the need to strengthen the juvenile criminal justice system based on restorative justice, legal education for children and families, as well as cross-sector collaboration in preventing and handling juvenile and narcotics cases.

Genetic discrimination in workplace, insurance industry and legal system: A review.

ABSTRACT Sexual offending by young people causes significant harm to victims, families and communities. Treatment engagement and completion are therefore important for reducing future harm; however, young people who drop out of, or refuse to engage in, treatment present a unique challenge for clinicians and justice systems. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems theory, this study explored clinicians’ perspectives on the barriers to treatment engagement and completion for young people who have sexually offended in the Australian context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians who provided or facilitated treatment for young people who had sexually offended (N = 22). Two major themes were identified: family factors and program factors. Family factors included caregiver shame, minimisation, stigma, competing household demands, limited family support and instability in out-of-home care. Program factors included barriers to accessing treatment, the limitations of office-based service delivery, regional and remote access issues and the need for programs to continue working through the young person’s broader ecology when direct engagement is limited. The findings suggest that attrition should not be understood solely as individual non-compliance, but as a product of the interaction between the young person and their family and their interaction with community services and policy systems. The paper provides practice and policy recommendations for strengthening ecological approaches to treatment engagement and reducing attrition.

Veterans are overrepresented in the United States criminal justice system, yet limited research has examined how mental health, substance use, and psychosocial factors intersect to shape involvement in the justice system-particularly across gender. As the population of women veterans grows, understanding gender-based differences in criminal justice involvement is critical to developing targeted, patient-centered interventions. We analyzed data from 1,360 post-9/11 veterans (Mage = 37.49; 51.3% women) to examine gender-specific associations between individual and co-occurring factors and criminal justice involvement. Justice involvement was defined as being arrested and charged with a crime after deployment, which was measured through self-report. Overall, 15.0% of veterans reported post-deployment justice involvement (11.3% of women and 18.7% of men). Several factors were related to higher likelihood of post-deployment justice involvement in both groups (i.e., younger age, provisional alcohol use disorder diagnosis) while others were only related in one group (e.g., problematic anger among women; history of homelessness among men). Our findings underscore the importance of integrated, gender-responsive approaches to reduce justice involvement among veterans. Public health and criminal justice system interventions should address overlapping domains of need, including mental health, housing instability, and substance use, while tailoring strategies to gender-specific risk profiles.

The practice of brokering legal cases involving both material and non-material exchanges with influential actors remains deeply entrenched despite over two decades of democratic law reforms in Indonesia. This persistence is often attributed to weak legal institutions and incompetent judicial actors, indicating a dysfunction stemming from an incomplete institutionalisation of the rule of law and uneven state development. This explanation, influenced by the Weberian approach, tends to idealise autonomous law as a historical endpoint for all societies while neglecting the underlying power dynamics and class conflicts that perpetuate the corrupt legal system. Employing a critical political economy perspective, this article argues that the persistence of legal brokerage underscores the nature of Indonesia’s political-legal order, wherein corruption is the norm rather than the exception. This corrupt legal system is an outcome of a distinct trajectory of capitalism that relies heavily on extra-economic mechanisms of accumulation, including the brokering of legal cases. Hence, instead of indicating an aberration, the brokerage ironically reflects a functioning legal order in Indonesia. This argument is substantiated through an analysis of notable instances of brokerage within the criminal justice system, highlighting the influences of non-legal aspects and powerful individuals in shaping judicial processes and outcomes.

Far from being a mere intermediary, the lawyer holds a pivotal role within the legal and democratic framework. Their significance rests on three core pillars: (i) the technical defense of rights, safeguarding adversarial proceedings and the right to a full defense; (ii) the enforcement of constitutional guarantees, whether through litigation or advisory work; and (iii) the promotion of social justice, expanding citizenship through an ethos of ethics and independence. Thus, protecting the prerogatives of the legal profession ultimately means protecting the citizen. Ethics plays a pivotal role in the legal field, not merely as an academic discipline but as a normative foundation that underpins the legitimacy of legal professionals’ actions. This paper examines the importance of Ethics in Law, outlining its main aspects—from philosophical roots to practical impacts on contemporary legal practice. It discusses jurisprudence and the normative framework found in the Brazilian Bar Association Statute (Law No. 8,906/1994) and the OAB Code of Ethics and Discipline (2015), highlighting principles such as dignity, independence, loyalty, and professional secrecy. Through bibliographic review and document analysis, the study concludes that the teaching and practice of legal ethics reinforce fundamental rights, bolstering public trust in the justice system and the effectiveness of the Democratic Rule of Law.

Youth involved in the juvenile justice system carry a significant burden of mental health challenges. Internalizing disorders such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, self-harm, and suicidal behavior are common among justice-involved youth, but often remain overlooked. These conditions influence behavior, increase vulnerability to offending, and heighten the risk of repeated involvement with the juvenile justice system. This review examines the role of internalizing disorders in juvenile offense, and highlights how inward distress can contribute to outward behavioral disturbances. It brings together evidence from multiple countries and shows that untreated internalizing symptoms are linked to higher rates of reoffending, adverse life outcomes, and increased suicide risk. The review also summarizes interventions that address mental health needs among justice-involved youth, including cognitive behavioral therapy, family-based approaches, mindfulness practices, and mentoring models. These interventions show promise for symptom reduction, emotional regulation, and lowering recidivism. The review places special focus on Low- and Middle Income Countries where limited resources, stigma, and gaps in mental health services create major barriers to care. Overall, the findings point to the need for prevention, early recognition and intervention for internalizing disorders within juvenile justice systems.

ABSTRACT Literature within youth settings suggests that building a positive alliance with young people may establish a foundation for initiating change, with young people relating daily improvements and achievements to outcomes developed through relationships with workers. This paper contributes to the limited evidence base capturing youth voice and their perspectives on professional relationships within the youth justice system. We conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with young people who were previously involved in youth diversion projects to understand their experiences of professional relationships in diversionary youth justice services. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis generated three themes and nine sub-themes. An overarching theme of transitional healing was identified. We describe a tripartite model of a transitional healing process, encompassing three iterative stages, from restoration through investment to regeneration. This characterises the relationship between young people and professionals as dynamic and changeable over time. There are likely many factors involved in recidivism and desistence; however, our findings suggest that the relationship is an important contributor to diversion. This study highlights and supports the benefit of youth participation in understanding what works in youth justice systems.