Junior Athletes Research Articles

Дослідження реакції таеквондистів на об’єкт, що рухається

Purpose: to define features of reaction to a moving object in taekwondo. Material and Methods. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources; pedagogical observation; psychophysiological measurements; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the use of non-parametric Mann-Whitney criterion confirmed that the average reaction time for the whole test in older sportsmen is significantly better than in junior sportsmen by 31,39 % (U=5, p<0,01). When analyzing the directionality of the processes of excitation or inhibition, it was found that older athletes had better reaction accuracy than junior athletes (U=10,5, p<0,05). In both groups sportsmen reacted mainly prematurely, but junior taekwondoists reacted prematurely more often by 17,66 % (U=4, p<0,01). According to Spearman's correlation coefficient between the age of sportsmen and the obtained indicators of measurement the following results were obtained: between reaction time and age in the 1st group r=0,26, in the 2nd group r=-0,37 (p>0,05), between exact reactions and age in the 1st group r=0,32, in the 2nd group r=0,68 (p<0,05). According to the analysis of the results of the second measurement, there is no sufficient evidence that the average values of reaction time in both groups before and after the competition are different. After the competition, the accuracy of reactions in sportsmen from group 1 is lower by 31,1 % than before the competition (U=11, p<0,05). In group 2 there were no statistically significant differences between the indicators of reaction accuracy before and after competitions. The U-criterion did not show statistically significant difference between the direction of processes of excitation and inhibition in group 1 and group 2 before and after competitions. In the 1st group Spearman's coefficient testifies to the absence of statistically significant (p>0,05) correlation between the performance of sportsmen at competitions and average reaction time (r=-0,31). The similar correlation was established in group 1 between results at competitions and accuracy of reactions, r=-0,25 (p>0,05). In group 2, there was also no statistically significant (p>0.05) correlation between the results of the competition and the average reaction time (r=0,52). There is a statistically significant strong inverse correlation (p<0,05) in group 2 between the results of athletes in competitions and their reaction accuracy (r=-0,83). Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the reaction to a moving object indicate that there are significant differences between the groups. Highly skilled, older athletes have better ability to adjust nervous processes and shorter reaction times to a moving object. There is a statistically significant correlation between athletes' performance in competitions and the accuracy of their reactions. Indicators such as reaction speed and accuracy are important in taekwondo competitions and should be studied in future research.

The Effect of Quick Strength Training on the Agility and Leg Power of Futsal Junior Athletes

The Effect of Quick Strength Training on the Agility and Leg Power of Futsal Junior Athletes

Effects of the corona pandemic on competitive sports – an online survey amongst 2981 German and Austrian elite athletes

Background: The impact of the corona pandemic on competitive sports has not yet been studied in a larger group of athletes. Methods: Using an online questionnaire, junior and adult elite athletes from Germany and Austria were asked about their infection status, potential symptoms of COVID-19, and the impact of the pandemic on their athletic activity. Results: Between April 21, 2020 and February 16, 2021, a total of 2981 questionnaires were recorded (50.3% female, 25.7% professional athletes, 37.9% national team members). 78 athletes (2.6%) reported a positive PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 67 (2.3%) athletes reported that they had experienced the disease but were self-diagnosed. In 19 athletes (0.6%), infection was suspected by a physician but without testing. 841 (28.2%) athletes stated that they were in quarantine at least once. At least one symptom that might be associated with COVID-19 was observed in 38.7% of all athletes. Cardiac symptoms were reported significantly more often in PCR-positive athletes than in the group of athletes without confirmed infection or no infection. 15 athletes (0.5%) were admitted to hospital due to COVID-19, 8 of them were hospitalized for more than 1 week. Conclusion: The corona pandemic has a massive impact on competitive sports. In addition to indirect consequences due to quarantine measures or cancellation of competitions, infections with SARS-CoV-2 occurred in a significant proportion of athletes. Severe courses with hospitalization were also recorded among competitive athletes.

TEKNIK BERTUTUR DALAM MENYAMPAIKAN PESAN PADA LATIHAN KIHON KARATE DI DOJO RAUDHATUL JANNAH

Kihon or basic movements are what every karate-ka must learn in practice. This basic movement is a movement where a karateka can start other movements. The purpose of this research is to improve the performance of junior athletes. If the basic movements cannot be carried out properly and correctly, it will have an impact on other movements. If the message to be conveyed is not clear, the students cannot carry out the movement properly. Therefore, a coach must have knowledge in conveying language to his students. The method used in this exercise is the trainer demonstrating basic movements in accordance with basic of the karate standards. Therefore, the coach must be able to communicate with kohai properly and correctly. In addition to linguistics, the trainer must also provide examples of good movement as well. In this exercise the trainer still finds movements that are not adequate in practice, so they need to be corrected and practiced regularly.

Comparative analysis of psychophysiological features of taekwondo athletes of different age groups

Background and Study Aim. The importance of psychophysiological features in optimizing the functional state of athletes is beyond doubt. The aim of this study was a comparative analysis of the psychophysiological features of taekwondo athletes of different age groups.
 Material and Methods. The study involved 42 taekwondo athletes, skill level 2 Gup – 1 Dan. The participants were divided into groups of 14 people. Group 1 – (7.50±0.14) years, Group 2 – (10.07±0.22) years, Group 3 – (13.36±0.27) years. A special computer program for devices with the iOS operating system was used. The Apple iPad, 4th generation with a screen diagonal of 9.7 inches was used. The following tests were used: reaction choice (RC), reaction to a moving object (RMO) and size test (ST). The results of the groups were compared using the nonparametric Rosenbaum test (Q), and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was determined.
 Results. RMO test results in group 2 were significantly better than those in group 1 (Q=12, p<0.01). A similar correlation was determined for RC (Q=14, p<0.01) and ST (Q=15, p<0.01). When analyzing the frequency of incorrect reactions in RMO, it was found that athletes in the 1st group lagged behind more often (Q=6, p<0.05). A comparison of groups 2 and 3 confirmed that senior athletes had better results in RC (Q=11, p<0.01). For all tests used, the best results of group 3 compared with group 1 was determined: for RMO Q=16, (p<0.01), for RC Q=22, (p<0.01), for ST Q=20, (p<0.01). Senior athletes often had an anticipatory reaction in RMO, (Q=7, p<0.05). Significant correlations (p<0.05) were determined in group 1 between age and frequencies of anticipatory (r=-0.57) and lagging reactions (r=0.57), RMO and RC (r=0.63), RC and frequencies of anticipatory reactions (r=0.57) and lagging reactions (r=-0.57). In group 3, significant correlations were determined between age and RC (r=-0.59), RMO and RC (r=0.76), age and ST (r=-0.53), RMO and ST (r=0.65), RC and ST (r =0.79). 
 Conclusions. A change in the speed of reaction to various stimuli of taekwondo athletes of different ages has been confirmed. An increase in age and training experience improves the reaction rate. This dependence is most pronounced when comparing junior and senior athletes. The determined correlations between all tests used also reflect the improvement in the psychophysiological state of the athletes with increasing age. The tests used are characterized by accessibility, specificity, informativeness and financial feasibility. The results obtained allow for recommending their use in monitoring the state of martial arts athletes.

Does changing the Functional Movement Screen composite score threshold influence injury risk estimation in junior Australian football players?

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify whether a revised lower Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite score threshold would be associated with a greater injury risk for junior athletes than the common threshold of≤14. This prospective cohort study included tracking of 809 elite junior male Australian football players for injuries that resulted in a missed game. All athletes completed pre-season FMS testing and a 12-month self-reported retrospective injury questionnaire. Analyses examined the relationship between composite score thresholds of≤14, ≤13, and≤12 and the risk of injury. The relationship between prospective injury and the common composite threshold score of ≤ 14 was dependent on the presence of a recent injury history (relative risk [RR] = 1.45, p = 0.004) in comparison to no recent injury history (RR = 0.98, p = 0.887). Scoring≤12 in the presence of a recent injury history had the greatest diagnostic accuracy but only a trivial increase in injury risk (RR = 1.59, p = 0.001, sensitivity = 0.35, specificity = 0.80, negative and positive likelihood ratios = 0.81 and 1.75). Whilst some small statistical relationships existed between prospective injury and the FMS composite score thresholds, all three thresholds were not associated with a clinically meaningful relationship with prospective injury and were no more effective than retrospective injury for determining athletes at risk of injury.

Influence of systematic training on morphophysiological and motor ability profiles of Indian young male kayakers

CONTEXT: Little information is there on the training effect on junior Indian kayakers. Hence, it is of great interest to explore the influence of systematic training on morphophysiological and motor ability profiles of Indian young male kayakers.AIMS: The aim of this study was to find out such a training intensity that would be suitable for junior athletes to reach the zenith of their success.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was carried out in the center of Jagatpur, Sports Authority of India on 11 male kayakers. The training program was divided into eight phases.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Body height, body weight, body mass index, standing broad jump, standing vertical jump, trunk flexibility, 6 m × 10 m shuttle run, bench pull test/4 min, bench press test/4 min, sit-ups/min, push-ups/min, medicine ball throw, maximal oxygen uptake, 60 m standing start for anaerobic speed endurance, 2.4 km run, and hemoglobin (g%) were measured by the standard procedures.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Training phase differences were determined by analysis of variance, then Schiff's Post hoc test was performed with confidence levels at P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05.RESULTS: Performing time of 60 m standing start (sec) and 6 m × 10 m shuttle run (sec) was significantly decreased at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01. Standing vertical jump performance (cm), sit up/min, and push-up/min were significantly increased at P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively. Bench press performance/4 min and hemoglobin content were significantly improved at P < 0.001.CONCLUSION: Improvement and betterment were noted in performances even in formally trained athletes. A modified training protocol may be adopted for further improvement.

APTIDÃO FÍSICA DOS ATLETAS SOB TREINAMENTO DE RESISTÊNCIA FÍSICA

ABSTRACT Introduction Athletes must have high sports skills and endurance to achieve good results in the field. Therefore, endurance training is very important among athletes. Objective Explore the application of endurance training in teaching athletes physical fitness. Methods In the form of a control experiment, 20 junior athletes were voluntary participants in this research. Divided into control and experimental groups, the control followed the usual training plan while the experimental group was added 1.5 hours of post-workout endurance training. Data was recorded and cataloged before and after the experiment. Results Both endurance and routine training can improve the physical fitness of athletes. The improvement of endurance training was shown to be superior to traditional training methods. For the athletes in the experimental group, in the 6-week process, the three-sport indexes showed a fluctuating optimization and significantly improved overall compared to before the experiment. Conclusion Endurance training has solid evidence of improving the physical fitness of athletes, including benefits related to ability and competitive performance. Therefore, further studies are recommended for its popularization. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

The Use of Junior Weight Vest on Arm Strength in Junior Pencak Silat Athletes

Weight training for junior athletes is not recommended using heavy equipment at the fitness center. Junior athletes need weight training but use safe weights. This study analyzes the Junior Weight Vest (JWV) use on arm muscle strength in Junior Pencak Silat arts athletes. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, with an experimental design using a pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample of this study consisted of 20 randomly selected Junior Pencak Silat athletes with an age range of 10-15 years. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and instruments. The instrument used in collecting data is a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used quantitative analysis using the Paired Sample T Test and Way ANOVA analysis. The study results show differences in the effect of those who use JWV on the arm muscle strength of Junior Pencak Silat athletes. Second, there is no difference in the effect of those who do not use JWV (Non-JWV) on the arm muscle strength of Junior Pencak Silat arts athletes. Third, there is a difference in the effect on the two groups. It was concluded that JWV in Pencak silat arts training had better results than those who did not use JWV (Non-JWV). The implications of this research are expected to be able to use JWV to improve other physical abilities such as speed, agility, power, and endurance.

Ready for Failure? Irrational Beliefs, Perfectionism and Mental Health in Male Soccer Academy Players

Since Junior-to-Senior Transition (JST) is only considered successful when soccer players become professionals, many junior athletes must cope with failure, and their sporting careers and mental health may be at risk. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (a) identify different career expectancies of male soccer academy players, and (b) describe irrational beliefs, perfectionism and mental health levels associated with different career expectancies, identifying risk factors in the JST. A total of 515 male soccer players between 14 and 19 years old (M = 16.7; SD = 1.6) who played in Spanish professional youth academies during the 2020–2021 season, answered questionnaires on sports career model, beliefs, perfectionism and mental health (i.e., iPBI, MPS-2 and GHQ-12). The results suggest that the number of juniors who aspire to be professionals (57%) far exceeds the number of players who become professionals (10%; Dugdale in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31:73–84, 2021). Also, results show that this population presents high levels of demandingness (M = 5.5), low frustration tolerance (M = 5.2), self-organization (M = 5.2) and social functioning (M = 5.5), and low scores on depreciation (M = 2.6) and loss of confidence and self-esteem (M = 2.4). In a more detailed way, the results are compared according to expectancies. These academies are usually environments where success and failure are antagonistic concepts, and where perfectionism and irrational beliefs are normalized and integrated among all members of this context. However, the possible maladaptive effects put their mental health at risk. With the aim of rationalizing the concepts of success and failure and protecting their mental health, especially those who will not become professionals, this study proposes a new route based on the REBT philosophy and ARRC technique.

Padded Headgear in Junior and Youth Australian Football: Player Insights From a National Survey.

To investigate beliefs and factors associated with padded headgear (HG) use in junior (<13 years) and youth (≥13 years) Australian football. Online survey. Junior and youth athletes in Australia. Australian football players aged U8 to U18. Survey questions regarding demographics, HG use, concussion history, beliefs about HG, and risk-taking propensity. Rates of padded HG use, and beliefs associated with HG use. A total of 735 players (including 190, 25.9% female) representing 206 clubs participated. Headgear was worn by 315 players (42.9%; 95% CI: 39.3-46.4). Most (59.5%) HG users wore it for games only and wore it voluntarily (59.7%), as opposed to being mandated to do so. Junior players were more likely than youth players to agree to feeling safer ( P < 0.001) and being able to play harder while wearing HG ( P < 0.001). Median responses were "disagree" on preferring to risk an injury than wear HG, and on experienced players not needing to wear HG. Beliefs did not differ between males and females. Headgear use was associated with players belonging to a club where HG was mandated for other age groups (OR 16.10; 95% CI: 7.71-33.62, P < 0.001), youth players (OR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.93-3.93, P < 0.001), and female players (OR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.07-2.30, P = 0.019). Club HG culture, older age and being female were prominent variables associated with voluntary HG use. Players reported believing that HG offers protection. The rate of voluntary and mandated HG use identified is at odds with current scientific evidence that does not support HG as effective concussion prevention.

The effect of interval training on athletic 100 meter running speed: a meta-analysis study

This research on the effect of interval training on 100 meter running speed has been widely done in sports. Various researchers explain that interval training is very influential in increasing the speed of running 100 meters, but each study reports different results. This difference causes the need to conduct inclusive data analysis to provide comprehensive information about the importance of interval training to increase 100-meter running speed in athletic athletes. This method must be done by collecting data from research results indexed on Google Scholar by searching for research published in the range of 2010-2021. The search for the results of this study was carried out by entering two keywords, namely the first keyword "interval" AND "100 meter run" AND "journal" OR "journal" with the results found 224 articles and the second keyword is "interval" AND "100 meter sprint" with the results found 139 articles. Data on articles that already fit the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken to determine the effect size (ES) and standard error (SE) values. The results of this study show the value of the RE estimate and FE model 11.243 junior high school criteria and the value of the RE estimate and FE model 9.786 athlete criteria which means that this interval training has a significant effect on the junior high school level and athletes who focus specifically on 100 meter running speed. This research is only limited to 100-meter sprints in junior high school students and athletes, it is recommended that future researchers examine other sports and other subjects.

A cluster analysis of high-performance female team players' perceived motivational climate: Implications on perceived motor competence and autonomous behaviour.

High performance sport for females is an area which is gaining more and more relevance today, but which hasn't received the same research interest as sport for males. The aim of the present study was to analyse the motivational climate perceived by high performance female athletes and the implications on perceived motor competence and autonomous behaviour and check the differences according category, sport experience and training hours in performance and master climate. The participants were 615 female athletes who practice top level team sports, with ages comprised of 16 to 38 (M = 22,10; SD = 4,91). The sample consisted of two different categories: junior (n = 242) and senior (n = 373). These players participated in different team sports, specifically football, handball, basketball and volleyball, training between 6 and 24 hours a week (M = 8,34; DT = 4,33). The variables measured were: perceived motivational climate in sport, autonomous behaviour and perceived motor competence. A cluster analysis was carried out using, as a variable, the perceived motivational climate, and showing the existence of two profiles, one related to ego and the other to task. The multivariate analysis showed that the profile orientated towards the task had significant differences compared to the autonomous behaviour (M = 4.66 vs M = 3.41). At the same time an analysis was carried out looking at different social demographic variables, revealing how there were differences in the sports experience (those participants with more than ten years' experience were more orientated towards ego, compared to those with less than ten years' experience) and the category (junior athletes were more orientated towards the task, compared to senior athletes). It was concluded that a greater orientation towards the task can lead to an improvement in the perception of motor competence, with the youngest and least experienced athletes being the most prominent in this category.

Сравнительный анализ физического развития школьников и детей, профессионально занимающихся плаванием

Health of children and adolescents is an essential criterion of well-being of the society. Monitoring of health among children is impossible without assessment of physical development of children and adolescents. Individual-based analysis of anthropometric characteristics is required to develop personalized preventive activities. Considering different levels of physical load of schoolchildren in case of a disturbed nutritional status, an approach to body mass constituent study that deviates from the normal values requires examination. The study purpose was to assess physical development and component composition in schoolchildren during a medical examination and in children involved in classic swimming at a sports club in the city of Samara. The study object involved children studying at a general educational institution and not engaged in any sports sections (first group), and children involved in classic swimming at a sports club in Samara (second group. Significant differences in basic values of body composition were found during the conducted study of physical development and component composition of schoolchildren who do not go in for sports and junior athletes.

Competency Upgrading for Coaches of Depok City: Internalization of Basic Characters in Sports

Based on data from the Research and Development Division of the Depok City KONI, until 2020 there were only 43.1% of Depok City coaches had sports branch certificates as legathe lization of competent coaches. This competency upgrading training aims to provide training on character competencies that are not usually discussed specifically in sports so far. The training participants are the coaches of Depok City and its surroundings who have handled 125 junior or beginner-level athletes. The training material contains basic characteristics (honesty, discipline, and cooperation) that sports coaches need to toer to internalize positive values ​​so that the coach can become a "character role model" for his athletes. Based on the results of the training, it is known that most of the coaches have high / good interest, understanding, and analysis ability in participating in this competency upgrading training (interest is 99.2%, understanding is 80%, and alyticallity is 84%). There were no differences in coaches' interests, understanding, and analysis ability in terms of gender, age, and training experience. The results of this training provide important feedback for conducting competency upgrading training in Depok City in the future.

Blood pressure response to dynamic exercise testing in adolescent elite athletes, what is normal?

In general, only few studies are dedicated to blood pressure behavior under physical stress in children and adolescents. Even less is published about the blood pressure behavior of young high-performance athletes on the ergometer. For this reason, we evaluated the blood pressure behavior under stress compared to non-athletes in a large collective (n = 739) of young high-performance athletes (age 10-20 years, mean 15.8 years, male 442, female 297) of different sports. A complete echocardiographic examination was available in all athletes. Regardless of gender, the young competitive athletes achieved significantly higher maximum blood pressure values than investastigated populations from previous studies. Based on the data obtained, blood pressure percentiles are now defined explicitly for junior athletes across sports as well as age- and gender-dependent, which did not exist in this form of normal values for the special clientele of young competitive athletes. The echocardiographic examinations demonstrated stress-induced cardiac adaptation adaptations in the majority of athletes, which thus correlate with the comparatively higher stress blood pressures compared to non-athletes. For the first time, blood pressure percentiles for exercise tests on the ergometer for age groups and gender in high performance athletes are defined based on a comparatively large collective of young competitive athletes. Upper limits were determined, in particular for systolic blood pressure under stress, and categorized according to gender and age. Performance diagnosticians and physicians are now enabled to make a more accurate assessment of the corresponding blood pressure regulation of young athletes under exercise conditions.

Identification of Sports Injuries in Young Badminton Men's Athletes 10-11 Years Old

This study aims to determine the cause of injury to male junior athletes 10-11 years old. This Research uses qualitative descriptive methods. Research data sources include male junior athletes 10-11 years old. Data collection techniques use observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of this study are minor injuries (cramps, bruises on the legs, and abrasions) and severe injuries (injuries to muscles or tendons/strains, ligaments/sprain). Severe injury (dislocation of the shoulder joint, knee joint, thumb of the hand). So, it can be concluded that mild injury in badminton clubs in Indonesia, including on the criteria, is rare, with a percentage range of 43,3%. Then, minor injuries on the criteria occurred, with a percentage range of 66,67%. Severe injuries in the requirements rarely happen, with a percentage range of 33,33 %. Because injuries to male junior athletes aged 10-11 years are included in the criteria ever occurred due to joking with friends at training, the body is in an unhealthy state, the field is uneven or slippery, not serious when warming up, lack of warm-up, lack of concentration when playing badminton does not cool down after the completion of training, and cooling off not seriously.&#x0D;

Dietary self-efficacy and social support interactions in junior athletes' acquisition of life skills.

ObjectiveAccording to the stages of change, this study identified the association between dietary control self-efficacy and social support for healthy diets as factors influencing life skills acquisition in dietary habits among adolescents in Japan.Research designThis cross-sectional study was conducted between April and May 2018 among eight high school baseball teams in Japan.MethodParticipants included 180 Japanese high school baseball players. Survey items evaluated life skills (dependent variables), self-efficacy's influence on dietary control, social support (explanatory variables), and stages of change. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to reveal the associations.ResultsIn the pre-action stage, although there was no significant association between the interaction of self-efficacy and social support on total life skills (β = 0.11, p = 0.158), a significant association was observed in the action/maintenance stage (β = 0.32, p < 0.05). The interaction between self-efficacy and social support showed a significant association with goal setting in the pre-action stage (β = 0.19, p < 0.05) and with communicating in the action/maintenance stage (β = 0.34, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe acquisition of life skills amidst dietary situations can be facilitated by providing social support that considers self-efficacy in relation to dietary control, according to the stages of change.

Role of local club in developing value chain of high performance national tennis athlete

This paper discusses the role of local clubs in developing high performance junior athletes as a critical part of the national value chain to produce national athletes. Local clubs serve as entry points for kids and their parents into the world of tennis. Local club is a hub that connects three main actors involved in the development of kids into tennis players: (i) Coach, (ii) Athlete, and (iii) Parents, regarded as grass root athlete development. This paper identifies the typical tennis player pathway in Indonesia. Value chain of local club and its relation with other regional, national, and global stakeholders’ value chain in developing national athletes are presented. Benchmark of journey from grassroots player to high performance/elite players and structure of value chain in established countries are discussed. It is concluded that local clubs are playing a significant role in creating a massive pool of talent and developing grass-roots players into high performance/elite national tennis athletes. Strong collaboration between stakeholders and completing structure the value chain are important to develop country performance in sustainable way.

Instantaneous effects of mindfulness meditation on tennis return performance in elite junior athletes completing an implicitly sequenced serve return task.

Single-session meditation augmentation of sport-specific skill performance was tested with elite junior tennis athletes. Athletes completed one of two styles of mindfulness meditation (focused-attention or open-monitoring) or a control listening condition prior to performing an implicitly sequenced tennis serve return task involving the goal of hitting a target area placed on the service court. Unbeknownst to athletes, six distinct serves followed a repeating second-order conditional sequence for two task blocks before the sequence was altered in a third transfer block. Task performance was operationalized as serve return outcome and analyzed using beta regression modeling. Models analyzed group by block differences in the proportion of returned serves (i.e., non-aces), returns placed in the service court, and target hits. Contrary to previous laboratory findings, results did not support meditation-related augmentation of performance and/or sequence learning. In fact, compared to control, meditation may have impaired performance improvements and acquisition of serve sequence information. It is possible that the effects of single-session meditation seen in laboratory research may not extend to more complex motor tasks, at least in highly-trained adolescents completing a well-learned skill. Further research is required to elucidate the participant, task, and meditation-related characteristics that might promote single-session meditation performance enhancement.