Juice Leakage Research Articles

Effect of Infusion Method on Peel Removal and Storage Quality of Citrus

Peeling and storage characteristics of citrus fruit infused with water or enzyme solution were compared. Fruit were vacuum- or pressure-infused with water or water-containing pectinase. The enzyme treatment did not affect peeling times of white or red grapefruit, oranges, or tangelos. Pressure and vacuum infusion methods produced similar results. Grapefruit and oranges infused with water had significantly less juice leakage and were firmer than fruit infused with enzyme. Microbial levels and respiration rates and ethylene emanation during storage were the same for enzyme- and water-treated fruit.

SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT WITH PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE OF A SPONTANEOUS BILOMA ACCOMPANIED WITH INCARCERATED BILE DUCT STONE -A CASE REPORT-

We experienced a case of Biloma which was formed by bile juice leakage into the subcapsular space of the liver due to incarcerated bile duct stone. An 80-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever and right hipochondralgia. Abdominal CT-scan and ultrasonography on admission demonstrated a stone, 1cm in diameter, in the dilated common bile duct and a giant cystic lesion in the subcapsular space of the right hepatic lobe. Under ultrasonographic guidance, the cystic lesion was percutaneously drained. The aspirated fluid revealed bile and she was diangosed as having a biloma accopanied with bile duct stone. The continuous drainage of the biloma brought about disappearance of cystic lesion 19 days after admission and the bile stone had pased through the papilla Vater. Bilomas are predominantly reported to develop traumatically or iatrogenically. In the Japanese literature, 21 cases of spontaneously developed biloma have been reported which were associated with hepatobiliary diseases. Fifteen of 21 cases had bile duct stones. In suspected patients of biloma, percutaneous drainage should be done to make the definitive diagnosis and to relief the symptoms by indwelling a catheter for continuous drainage.

Effects of Enzyme Infusion on The Processing and Storage Quality of Peeled Citrus

An enzymatic peeling process is currently used to produce peeled citrus fruit that are convenient for consumption. By this process, fruit are scored and infused with pectinase or pectinase and cellulase solution and are incubated at 20 to 45C for 0.5 to 2 h. While enzyme solution apparently weakens of the albedo and thus improves separation of the fruit from its peel, we expect that enzyme infused into the flesh reduces storage quality. In these studies, fruit were vacuum- or pressure-infused with or without pectinase in water. The time required to peel white `Marsh' and `Ruby Red' grapefruit infused with solution containing enzyme were only 10% to 20% less than for fruit infused with water alone. `Hamlin' orange and `Orlando' tangelo peeling times were not improved by enzyme treatment. This suggests that water is the primary operative component of the enzyme solution and that the enzyme is an active, but nonessential, supplement. For white grapefruit and oranges stored at 5, 10, 15, or 25C, nonenzyme-treated fruit had significantly less juice leakage than enzyme-treated fruit. For example, 0.2% and 5.0% of the peeled fruit weight was lost by non-enzymatically and enzymatically peeled fruit, respectively, for vacuum-infused oranges stored at 5C for 7 days. Moreover, the enzyme treatment significantly reduced firmness, as determined by a sensory panel. Microbial levels and rates of respiration and ethylene emanation during storage were not significantly affected by enzyme treatment. Similar results were found for vacuum- and pressure-infused fruit.

Pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer.

Lymph node (LN) dissection along the upper border of the pancreas is one of the essential parts of curative surgery for gastric cancer, and the distal portion of the pancreas was frequently resected for complete removal of LNs along the splenic artery. However, pancreatic juice leakage, subphrenic abscess, and postoperative diabetes were common complications in patients treated by pancreatic resection. To avoid these problems a new surgical procedure, the pancreas-preserving operation, was developed by Maruyama in 1979. We found that lymphatic channels from the stomach did not flow into the pancreas parenchyma, and that the spleen, splenic artery, and fatty connective tissue including nodes could be removed completely without dissection of the pancreas parenchyma and splenic vein. The preserved pancreas receives its arterial blood supply through the transverse pancreatic artery, and its preservation prevents postoperative diabetes. A total of 299 patients were treated by this procedure. The operative mortality rate was 0.3%, the hospital death rate 1.6%, and the surgical complications rate 19.6%. The cumulative 5-year survival rate for those with stage II was 70.5% and for those with stage III 54.1%. These results were superior to those of the pancreas resection group.

Surgical treatment of congenital dilatation of the bile duct with special reference to late complications after total excisional operation

The surgical treatment of 100 cases with congenital dilatation of bile duct with special reference to late complications was analyzed. There were no deaths nor occurrences of malignancy. Among 91 patients who had undergone the standard operation, namely total excision of the dilated extrahepatic bile duct and reconstruction after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, there were one early complication (pancreatic juice leakage) and five late complications (four intrahepatic gallstones and one liver abscess). The cause of intrahepatic gallstone formation after a total excisional operation was attributed to the remaining intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and the stenosis located between the intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and the common hepatic duct. Accordingly, these results support the total excisional procedure for this condition; however, with regard to the cases associated with cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts, completely free bile drainage from the dilated intrahepatic biliary system should be performed at the radical operation.

A CASE ASSOCIATED WITH PANCREATIC FISTULA AFTER ENUCLEATION FOR INSULINOMA

A 36-year-oid woman was hosptialized with the chief complaint of sudden episodes of unconsciousness. Endocrinological tests suggested the existence of insulinoma. Blood samples collected from the tail of the pancreas by percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization (PTPC) had high levels of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C peptide, showing that the tumor was at the tail of the pancreas, which was confirmed by intraoperative sonography. The tumor was extirpated and the measurement of blood glucose and IRI levels during surgery disclosed that the removal was complete. Antibiotics, aprotinin, and hyperalimentation were used instead of surgical treatment for pancreatic juice leakage after surgery because the main pancreatic duct was not injured. The leakage ended 14 weeks after surgery. PTPC and intraoperative sonography are useful for identification of the location of insulinomas. Intraoperative measurements of blood glucose and IRI are useful for confirmation whether the removal of a tumor is complete or not. Postoperative pancreatic juice leakage can be treated conservatively if there is no injury in the main pancreatic duct and if satisfactory drainage for the leaking juice is available.

Vascular and ductal patterns of pancreas by microradiography and their relation to lesions of pancreatitis.

Histopathological findings of pancreas freshly obtained from 108 autopsy cases were analyzed and individual lesions were correlated with vascular and ductal patterns revealed by microradiography. As the intralobular artery was demon-strated as a terminal artery, its functional and/or organic occlusion was expected to produce focal atrophy, parenchymal necrosis and fibrosis of lobular unit. Atrophy of acinar cells leading to replacement by isolated fat cells developed presumably from disturbance of systemic arterial circulation. Venous stasis seemed to be responsible for the formation of pseudolobules. Organic and/or functional obstructions in any part of the pancreatic duct caused various lesions of pancreatitis. Periductal location of focal necrosis and cell infiltration was regarded as a result of pancreatic juice leakage. Because the peripheral range of the pancreas was abundant in ductules, fat necrosis and fibrosis probably of ductal origin preferred the periphery. It was presumed that the ductal and vascular factors could interact each other in producing pancreatitis and both might even precipitate serious damages of the pancreas.

Blossom-End Clearing of Grapefruit

Blossom-end clearing (BEC) is characterized by the translucent, watersoaked appearance of the fruit peel (most commonly at the blossom end) caused by internal bruising and juice leakage from juice vesicles. Juice vesicles in the bruised areas usually have a gray tinge compared with unbruised tissue, and BEC-affected fruit develop offflavors. BEC is visible within 24 hours after bruising (often much earlier) and can affect up to 90% of the fruit in some loads. Decay, in particular mold, often develops in areas with BEC symptoms. BEC has also been referred as “wet bottoms,” “stylar-end clearing,” “water bottom,” “waterlog,” and “wet wick.” This document is HS937, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: July 2003.
 HS937/HS194: Blossom-End Clearing of Grapefruit (ufl.edu)