ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite numerous studies confirming the association between insulin resistance (IR) and macrophage polarization, there is a lack of bibliometric analysis in this area. Therefore, our objective is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of published literature and identify potential future research trends using bibliometrics.MethodPublications on the topic of macrophage polarization in IR were gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) spanning the years 1999–2023. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were conducted using VOSviewers, CiteSpace, the R package “bibliometrix” and Tableau Public.ResultA total of 3435 articles published between 1999 and 2023 were included in the analysis. These articles originated from 75 countries, with the United States and China leading in contributions. The top five research institutions are the University of California, San Diego, Harvard University, the University of Michigan, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. In this research domain, Diabetes is the most frequently published journal, and the Journal of Clinical Investigation is the most co‐cited. Among the 19,398 authors contributing to these publications, Lumeng CN. not only authored the most papers but also received the highest number of co‐citations. “Insulin resistance” emerges as a primary keyword in the analysis of emerging research hotspots.ConclusionFor the first time, bibliometric methods have been employed to conduct a comprehensive summary of papers relevant to macrophage polarization in IR. This study aims to identify the current research direction and future research hotspots, offering valuable guidance and insights for scholars in the field.

Introduction. The research article in English has recently been under scrutiny by theoretical and applied linguists. The understanding of research article is heterogeneous: it can be defined as a scientific manuscript, an independent text type or a separate genre. In Russian academic discourse the concept of the research article usually implies a scientific publication with the definite word count which is less than a monograph. However, this broad definition comprises a variety of heterogeneous genres. The English academic discourse, on the contrary, specifies research genres manifested in Research, Review, Editorial, Commentary, Clinical Case Report and other text names. Additionally, these research genres can vary according to the scientific discipline. The objective of this paper is to identify and classify academic research genres in medical discourse.Methodology and sources. The research corpus was collected from the original highimpact open-access medical journals, i.e., Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, British Medical Journal, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Brain, Pediatrics, Diabetes, Heart, Journal of Neuroscience. The research procedure involved contextual, semantic and comparative analysis of the journal requirements on the article type and content presented in typical sections About the Journal, Authors Guidelines and Table of Contents.Results and discussion. The analysis has led to the development of differential parameters for further research genres classification. The findings have shown that a variety of research papers under different names can be classified as a system of research genres in the academic discourse represented by medical research publications. We have also found distinct correlations between medical journal requirements and linguistic characteristics of medical research genres.Conclusion. The academic medical discourse functions in a wide spectrum of article types, which can be classified as medical research genres according to discourse parameters.

ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, and B cells are considered a key immune cell type to regulate AS. So far, there is no bibliometric study on B cell and AS. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the scientific output about B cell and AS, summarize the literature characteristics, explore research hotspots, and point out emerging trends. We searched the literature from 2003 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package “Bibliometrix” were used for literature analysis and visualization. A total of 1,062 articles and reviews were identified. The number of annual publications generally showed an upward trend. The United States and China were the most productive countries. Medical University of Vienna was the most productive research institution, and Binder Christoph J. was the most productive author, who was also from Medical University of Vienna. “Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology” was the most published journal and the most frequently cited journal. The most cited reference was written by Caligiuri G (2002) in “Journal of Clinical Investigation.” The most frequent keywords were “inflammation,” “macrophages,” “cardiovascular disease,” “T cells,” “apoptosis,” “immunity,” “cytokines,” “lymphocytes,” etc. The trend topics were mainly focused on “immune infiltration,” “immunoglobulins,” and “biomarkers.” The complex role of B cell subtypes and a variety of B cell mediators is the main research direction at present. In-depth analysis of B cell-specific targets can provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of AS.

IntroductionThe bibliometric analysis aims to identify research trends in estrogen receptor (ERs) and progesterone receptor (PRs) in prostate cancer (PCa), and also discuss the hotspots and directions of this field.Methods835 publications were sourced from the Web of Science database (WOS) from 2003 to 2022. Citespace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix were used for the bibliometric analysis.ResultsThe number of published publications increased in early years, but declined in the last 5 years. The United States was the leading country in citations, publications, and top institutions. Prostate and Karolinska Institutet were the most publications of journal and institution, respectively. Jan-Ake Gustafsson was the most influential author based on the number of citations/publications. The most cited paper was “Estrogen receptors and human disease” by Deroo BJ, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. The most frequently used keywords were PCa (n = 499), gene-expression (n = 291), androgen receptor (AR) (n = 263), and ER (n = 341), while ERb (n = 219) and ERa (n = 215) further emphasized the importance of ER.ConclusionsThis study provides useful guidance that ERa antagonists, ERb agonists, and the combination of estrogen with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) will potentially serve as a new treatment strategy for PCa. Another interesting topic is relationships between PCa and the function and mechanism of action of PRs subtypes. The outcome will assist scholars in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the current status and trends in the field, and provide inspiration for future research.

Endocrinology and metabolomics of uterine fluid after breeding in the mare

A novel role for the histone modifier PRDM6 and an opportunity to understand hypertension

Extracorporeal Photopheresis Suppresses Transplant Fibrosis by Inducing Decorin Expression in Alveolar Macrophages.

Effects of age on hypoxic tolerance in women

Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature

Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature

Improving health is a crucial social target that has a direct impact on better lives for billions and an indirect impact on the economy. Cancer is considered one of the most burdening diseases on better lives and hence the economy in all countries due to the high cost of health care and productivity deficiency. Therefore, the efforts to prevent, early detect, cost-effectively treat cancer become more important than ever. Chemotherapy is an essential step for cancer treatment in numerous cases. However, chemotherapy has severe side effects and a significant portion of patients do not respond to the treatment while suffering from these painful side effects. Doxorubicin, commercially known as Adriamycin, is a chemotherapy medication for several types of cancer. Our work aims for identifying the patients who have a resistance to Adriamycin chemotherapy.Exosomes nanovesicles contain proteins, mRNA, and microRNAs (miRNAs) that exist in most body fluids and are expelled by multiple cell types including cancer cells1. Exosomes' unique composition allows them to represent their parental cells, which makes them promising biomarkers for tumor prognosis2. Conventional detection techniques necessitate enormous amounts of samples and extensive technical steps. Exosomal-RNA has been significantly used as a promising biomarker for tumor prognosis3. Herein, we describe the construction of a novel and cost-effective electrochemical system to sensitively differentiate between the exosomal-RNA of breast cancer MCF7 and MCF7/ADR-resistant cells, using four different electrochemical techniques; Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV), Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The high sensitivity of the proposed bio-electrochemical sensor opens the door for further investigation that address the other type of cancer cells. References R. Kalluri, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 126, 1208–1215 (2016).H. Im, K. Lee, R. Weissleder, H. Lee, and C. M. Castro, Lab on a Chip, 17, 2892–2898 (2017).D. Taller et al., Lab on a Chip, 15, 1656–1666 (2015).

Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have shown extraordinary efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Recently, we demonstrated that prime-boost coronavirus vaccine regimens can protect against heterologous coronaviruses (Dangi, The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2021). However, it remains unclear whether boosters are required for such cross-protection. In this study, we show that booster immunizations are critical to elicit cross-protection against heterologous coronaviruses. We first vaccinated BALB/c mice intramuscularly with a poxvirus-based SARS-CoV-1 vaccine developed in 2004 (MVA-SARS-CoV-1) and compared cross-protection following an intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, evaluating cross-protection after a prime-only regimen versus a prime-boost regimen. Interestingly, we show cross-protection only in mice that received boosters. We are currently testing the durability of cross-protection elicited by prime-boost vaccine regimens, and we are also extending these results to humans. Overall, our findings provide a rationale for universal coronavirus vaccines, and highlights the importance of boosters as a strategy to broaden cross-protection to other coronaviruses different than SARS-CoV-2. Supported by NIDA DP2 Avenir (1DP2DA051912-01) EREEP Grant Northwestern University

Alan Hofmann has been a leader in the field of bile acids for much of his 6- decade career. In his Master's Perspective published in Hepatology in 2009, Alan entitled his journey as "Bile Acids: Trying to Understand Their Chemistry and Biology with the Hope of Helping Patients". He clearly achieved those ambitious goals, driving forward our understanding of these complex molecules with a highly energetic, engaging and encouraging manner that touched nearly every member of the bile acid field.

Effect of Linseed Oil Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Capacity in Pregnant Overfed Obese Rats and Their Offspring

The utilization and commercialization of electronic based point of care (PoC) diagnostic devices has been hindered by the lack of repeatability and stability associated with such devices. Consequently, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains the dominant immunoassay used for the detection of serological diseases despite the numerous drawbacks associated with this platform.1, 2 Most notably, the ELISA relies on trained laboratory personnel to perform the assay in a centralized laboratory, which increases both the cost and time to actionable treatment. An electrochemical impedance biosensor is an example of a label-free biosensing platform that has high sensitivity and can be easily miniaturized and mass produced at a low cost, thus improving the time to actionable treatment.3-7 It has been shown that the repeatability and stability of electronic based biosensors is not associated with the transducing element but rather is dependent on the sensor-molecule interface.8 This interface typically consists of an alkanethiolate-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) chemisorbed onto a gold (Au) substrate. In the case of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) sensing, the SAM forms a barrier to the ionic transport of the selected redox coupling agent. The molecular structure of the alkanethiolate determine the uniformity and density of the SAM, which directly affects its ability to impede the ionic transport of the redox coupling agent. Molecular dynamics studies have shown that shorter, less-ordered alkanethiolates rotate more easily than longer alkylthiolates.9 Their ability to rotate facilitates the gradual coverage of pinholes and defects present on the sensor-molecule interface.9 A separate study has shown that short chain (6C) alkanethiolates leads to significant drift in EIS measurements.10 The drift in charge transfer resistance of the 6C SAM was hypothesized to be associated with the surface reorganization of these thiols. The observed drift in the SAM measurements has been reported to be greater in magnitude than the measured change in charge transfer resistance upon binding of a receptor, thus compromising the reliability of biosensing measurements.10 This work uses a 16C alkanethiolate SAM to show that the stability and reproducibility of EIS measurements is directly dependent on the coverage of pinholes and defects present on the Au substrate as well as the crystallinity of the SAM. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to measure the density and uniformity of the SAM, respectively. We show that stability in EIS measurements of the sensor-molecule interface directly corresponds to stable and reproducible measurements associated with the attachment of the selected receptor and lastly of the target analyte. Thus, through the rational design of a stable sensor-molecule interface we can minimize the drift associated with the SAM, and consequently the receptor interface. Thus, improving both the sensitivity and limit of detection of EIS based sensors.References Yalow, R. S.; Berson, S. A., Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1960, 39 (7), 1157-1175.Prevention, C. f. D. C. a. Understanding the EIA Test. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/labtest/twostep/eia/index.html Cui, Y., Wei, Q. Q., Park, H. K., and Lieber, C. M., Nanowire nanosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical species, Science, 2001, 293, 1289-1292.Park, I., Li, Z., Pisano, A. P., and Williams, R. S., Top-down fabricated silicon nanowire sensors for real-time chemical detection, Nanotechnology, 2001, 21, 015501.Patolsky, F., Zheng, G. F., Hayden, O., Lakadamyali, M., Zhuang, X. W., and Lieber, C. M., Electrical detection of single viruses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101, 14017-14022.Pui, T. S., Agarwal, A., Ye, F., Ton, Z. Q., Huang, Y. X., and Chen, P. Ultra-sensitive detection of adipocytokines with CMOS-compatible silicon nanowire arrays, Nanoscale, 2009, 1, 159-163.Stern, E., Vacic, A., Rajan, N. K., Criscione, J. M., Park, J., Ilic, B. R., Mooney, D. J., Reed, M. A., and Fahmy, T. M. Label-free biomarker detection from whole blood, Nature Nanotechnology, 2010, 5, 138-142.Tarasov, A.; Tsai, M.-Y.; Flynn, E. M.; Joiner, C. A.; Taylor, R. C.; Vogel, E. M., Gold-coated graphene field-effect transistors for quantitative analysis of protein–antibody interactions. 2D Mater. 2015, 2, 044008.Jiang, L., Sangeeth, C. S., Yuan, L., Thompson, D., & Nijhuis, C. A. (2015). One-Nanometer thin Monolayers remove the deleterious effect of substrate defects in Molecular Tunnel Junctions. Nano Letters, 2015 15(10), 6643-6649.Xu, X.; Makaraviciute, A.; Kumar, S.; Wen, C.; Sjödin, M.; Abdurakhmanov, E.U.; Danielson, H.; Nyholm, L.; Zhang Z.; Structural Changes of Mercaptohexanol SelfAssembled Monolayers on Gold and Their Influence on Impedimetric Aptamer Sensors, Analytical Chemistry., 2019 91 (22), 14697-14704

Unraveling the mechanisms of IVIG immunotherapy in MIS-C

Can we talk about myoblast fusion?

T Cells Expressing Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) Chimeric Antigen Receptors with Antigen Recognition Domains Made up of Only Single Human Heavy Chain Variable Domains Specifically Recognize Bcma and Eradicate Tumors in Mice

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology was launched in 1985. It is one of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of gastroenterology is divided into 12 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Journal's Editor and Section Editors for this issue. EDITOR Ciarán P. KellyCiarán P. KellyCiarán P. Kelly, MD, is Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Director of Gastroenterology Training and Medical Director of the Celiac Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachussets, USA. Dr Kelly earned his medical degree from Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland where he was a Foundation Scholar and recipient of numerous academic awards. Dr Kelly has also received postgraduate clinical and research awards from the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, the American Gastroenterological Association and the National Institutes of Health. He is an American Gastroenterology Association Fellow and a Fellow of the American College of Gastroenterology. Dr Kelly has longstanding clinical and research interests in intestinal infection and inflammation. He has been involved in patient care and research in Clostridium difficile infection for more than 25 years and leads NIH-funded research programs that evaluate potential C. difficile vaccines and other immune-based treatments. His interest in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of celiac disease is also longstanding and, as Medical Director of the Celiac Center at BIDMC which he founded in 2004, he heads clinical, research and educational programs in celiac disease. Dr Kelly has served as a committee member of the NIH, Center for Scientific Review as well as FDA, CDC and NIH committees on celiac disease and C. difficile infection. Dr Kelly is the author of more than 250 clinical and basic research book chapters, invited reviews, and peer-reviewed, original articles appearing in such journals as Infection & Immunity, American Journal of Physiology, Gastroenterology, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal of Clinical Investigation, New England Journal of Medicine and Lancet. SECTION EDITORS Mark H. WilcoxMark H. WilcoxProf. Mark H. Wilcox is a consultant microbiologist and the Head of Research and Development in Microbiology at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals (LTHT), where he is also the Infection Lead of Leeds NIHR Diagnostic Technologies Medical Technology and In Vitro Diagnostic Co-operative; Professor of Medical Microbiology at the University of Leeds, UK; and Lead on Clostridium difficile for Public Health England (PHE). He serves in multiple advisory roles, including to UK SAGE (COVID-19), as co-chair of the UK Technical Validation Group for COVID-19 test, as a medical advisor to the National Infection Prevention & Control Lead (NHSImprovement/England, the Medical Research Council's Infection and Immunity Panel, as Chair of PHE's Rapid Review Panel (reviews the utility of infection prevention & control products for the NHS) and member of the UK NHS Antimicrobial Resistance Programme Board. He has formerly been the Director of Infection Prevention (4 years), Infection Control Doctor (8 years), Clinical Director of Pathology (6 years) at LTHT and Head of Microbiology (15 years). Prof Wilcox leads a Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group at the University of Leeds, comprising ∼30 doctors, scientists and nurses. Projects include multiple aspects of Clostridium difficile infection, diagnostics, antimicrobial resistance and the gut microbiome, infection prevention and control interventions, and the clinical development of new antimicrobial agents. Eamonn M.M. QuigleyEamonn M.M. QuigleyEamonn M.M. Quigley is Chief of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Houston Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas, USA, Professor of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College and David M Underwood Chair of Medicine in Digestive Disorders. A graduate of University College Cork, Ireland, Dr Quigley trained in internal medicine in Glasgow and Manchester, and in gastroenterology in Glasgow, the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, and Manchester. In 1986, he joined the faculty at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska, USA, where he ultimately served as Chief of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Returning to Cork in 1998, he served as Dean of the Medical School at UCC for 7 years and was a principal investigator at its Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center from its inception. He served as president of both the American College of Gastroenterology and the World Gastroenterology Organization and is a past editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Gastroenterology. Clinical and research interests include irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal motility and the role of the gut microbiota and probiotics in health and in gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders.

When aging meets tregs: It’s all about ROS stress