Joint Dysfunction In Patients Research Articles

HE ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY IN MANAGING SYMPTOMS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SECONDARY TO OSTEOARTHRITIS

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the physical therapy in managing symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. 48 people with diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joints were examined. In Group 1 (23 participants), correction involved wearing customized relieving splints. In addition to splint therapy, Group 2 received a course of physical therapy, which included therapeutic exercises targeting the masticatory muscles, facial muscles, tongue, and anterior neck muscles, as well as a course of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) using the unipolar method on the masticatory and temporal muscles. The correction period for both groups was 1 month. Outcomes were evaluated using the Hamburg Test, the Helkimo Index, and the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale. Results. After the application of relaxing splints and the implementation of the physical therapy program, the total score of the "Hamburg test" decreased by 39.6% in group 1, and by 59.4% in group 2 (p<0.05). The positive dynamics of the Helkimo index was 34.5% in group 1, 48.6% in group 2 (р<0.05), passing within the parameters of moderate temporomandibular joint dysfunction. When re-evaluating the functional state of the temporomandibular region according to the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale, the improvement of chewing in group 1 was 28.8%, in group 2 – 62.3%, the mobility of the lower jaw was 21.9% and 44.3%, respectively, verbal and emotional communication – 26% and 41.7%, the total score – by 26.2% and 49.6%. The developed program of physical therapy against the background of wearing individual relief splints demonstrated a statistically significantly better effect (p<0.05) on all the studied indicators of the functioning of the orofacial zone compared to the initial data and the results of the group that corrected the dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint with talc splints. Conclusion. Use the means of physical therapy can be recommended to increase the effectiveness of dental orthopedic correction in patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.

Prognostic model of pain syndrome of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with occlusion-articulation disorders

Resume. Diagnostic efficiency and treatment of TMJ dysfunction was and remains an important problem modern dentistry. The urgency of this problem is determined by the great the prevalence of this pathology, the annual increase in the number of patient appeals, variety of clinical manifestations, significant difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the work was to predict the pain syndrome of functional disorders of the masticatory apparatus when planning orthopedic treatment. Research materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory examination and orthopedic treatment of 150 patients with various variants of occlusal disorders were carried out, in 90 of them functional disorders of the masticatory apparatus were not accompanied by pain syndrome (comparison group), in 60 patients (main group) - TMJ dysfunction with pain syndrome Research results. The statistically significant data obtained by us demonstrate that the multi-level mechanism of changes in microarchitectonics due to occlusal and articulatory disorders, the influence of gender and age, and other unmodified factor balance of the work of muscle-articular structures of the dento-maxillary system can clinically manifest as a pain syndrome, and therefore requires orthopedic treatment taking into account correction of intra-articular disorders. Conclusions. Multivariate analysis of the cumulative effect of factors on the risk of pain syndrome development of functional disorders of the masticatory apparatus in case of violation of occlusal-articulatory relations allowed to create a prognostic model (model sensitivity - 0.967%, specificity - 0.971%) with a Youden index of 1.0. This prognostic model can serve as an accurate tool for the development of TMJ dysfunction pain syndrome at the stage of orthopedic treatment planning.

MANUAL THERAPY TECHNIQUES FOR THE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

INTRO/BACK GROUND Ac joint dysfunction is a prevalent cause of shoulder discomfort. As far as we are aware, there are currently no published studies focused on the manual therapy management of AC joint dysfunction. However, manual physical therapy has proven successful in treating various other shoulder conditions. To address this, recent research has started to investigate whether manual techniques are more effective in treating ac joint dysfunction. OBJECTIVE Aim of this study on the literature review pointing on the available evidence for the manual therapy interventions in acromioclavicular joint dysfunction patients. METHODS Research involved a computerized data base used for searching articles were Science direct, Pedro, PubMed, goggle scholar search pertaining to studies that include the manual therapy among acromioclavicular joint dysfunction Patients RESULTS: These 10 studies were based on the inclusion exclusion criteria were included in this review the methods used in all these studies were strengthening exercises , transverse friction massage, joint mobilization, myofascial release techniques, active passive motion exercises, scapulothoracic exercises, peri joint muscle exercises, joint stability exercises with different sets of exercises for muscle activation and range of motion and function these manual therapy techniques aims to alleviate inflammation recover the shoulder pain free rom and restore the proper function of soft tissue and joint. CONCLUSION: We conclude from this review that a variety of manual treatment procedures have been shown to be useful and effective in treating patients with AC joint dysfunction. There is, however, a dearth of data on the use of manual therapy procedures or interventions to treat ac joint dysfunction. More investigation is required to determine the precise role that manual therapy strategies may play in managing ac joint dysfunction.

Проявление дисфункции в крестцово-подвздошном суставе при боли в нижней части спины

The aim of the study was to identify the sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with various manifestations of vertebrogenic pain in the low back and pelvis and to determine the regimen ofmanual therapy techniques. A comprehensive assessment of examination and treatment of patients with the sacroiliac joint syndrome was carried out. The positive role of the combined treatment including drug therapy and manual therapy was noted. A decrease in the pain syndrome intensity was found in 79.5% of cases, in all groups of patients, already at the beginning of treatment.

P9. Differences in objective gait and balance function of symptomatic and asymptomatic sides among unilateral sacroiliac joint dysfunction patients before and after sacroiliac joint fusion

P9. Differences in objective gait and balance function of symptomatic and asymptomatic sides among unilateral sacroiliac joint dysfunction patients before and after sacroiliac joint fusion

Results of diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with malocclusion

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with malocclusion is quite a widespread problem in modern dentistry. The study included: identification of patients with signs of TMJ dysfunction and malocclusion by pre-selection; diagnosis of dysfunctions in the main group of patients; preparation of the treatment plan using splint therapy and kinesiotherapy; assessment of the effectiveness of these treatment methods. Most of the subjects had a decrease in the tone of the masticatory muscles, pain sensitivity in the masticatory muscles and the TMJ area. Splint therapy, as well as kinesiotherapy, is the best choice in the treatment of these patients.

Determination of the frequency of occurrence of functional disorders of the dental system in patients with different psycho-emotional status

Dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint have long been the subject of discussions among dentists. Many researchers identify a close relationship between the development of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and the psychological factor that causes hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles and a pronounced pain symptom. The purpose of this article was to determine the frequency of occurrence of functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint in patients with different psycho-emotional status. Materials and methods: In this work, the primary diagnosis of 237 patients aged 20 to 29 years was carried out. A survey and clinical examination of the examined patients was conducted for the presence of anomalies and deformities of the dental system, pathological erasability of hard tissues of teeth, bruxism, musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint were assessed using the Hamburg test. The psychoemotional status of patients was assessed using the clinical questionnaire of neurotic states by K.K. Yakhin, D.M. Mendelevich. Results: Among the examined patients, temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with anxiety and depression was much more common than in patients with stable psychological status, (28.3 2.9) and (4.2 1.3) % respectively. A statistically significant relationship between the development of temporomandibular joint pathologies and the psychoemotional status of the patient was revealed. Conclusion: Thus, anxiety and depressive states should be taken into account as a risk factor for the development of functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint.

Chronic sacroiliac joint dysfunction and CT-guided percutaneous fixation: a 6-year experience.

Reporting the clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and complications following an imaging-guided percutaneous screw fixation in the treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction and evaluating the safety and effectiveness of this method. We performed a retrospective study on a prospectively gathered cohort of patients with physiotherapy-resistant pain due to sacroiliac joint incompetence that underwent percutaneous screw fixation, between 2016 and 2022 in our center. A minimum of two screws were used in all patients to obtain fixation of the sacroiliac joint, using percutaneous screw insertion under CT guidance, coupled with a C-arm fluoroscopy unit. The mean visual analog scale significantly improved at 6months of follow-up (p < 0.05). One hundred percent of the patients reported significant improvement in pain scores at the final follow-up. None of our patients experienced intraoperative or postoperative complications. The use of percutaneous sacroiliac screws provides a safe and effective technique for the treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with chronic resistant pain.

Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the presence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) in individuals with and without chronic neck pain (CNP).&#x0D; Materials-Methods: The study included 41 subjects with neck pain and 41 subjects without neck pain. Temporomandibular Disorders were evaluated according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (TMR). The amount of mouth opening was measured with a ruler (cm). Presence of voice in TMJ movements was evaluated. Pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale (VAS)) was evaluated on palpation of chewing muscles. Active joint motion of the cervical region was evaluated with a goniometer. Pain-related disability was assessed with the Neck Disability Indicator/NDI.&#x0D; Results: The results of our study showed that the pain intensity of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was significantly higher than the control group. The severity of pain felt during rest, activity (active mouth opening) and chewing in the study group was significantly higher than the control group (p

Prediction of developing temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with maxillary dental anomalies

Objective. To describe the basic predictors of developing dysfunction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with maxillary dental anomalies.&#x0D; Materials and methods. An open, prospective, controlled clinical experimental study was carried out; 250 patients aged 18 to 35 (mean age 23.5 2.6 years) with maxillary dental anomalies including 134 persons with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and 116 with normal articular function were examined.&#x0D; Results. A multidimensional disperse analysis permitted to conclude that an extremely high (95100 %) probability of occurring temporomandibular joint dysfunction is determined with the presence of combination of two and more functional disorders with a complex of other (occlusive and cephalometric) preclinical markers of dysfunction; a high (7595 %) probability of development when one functional disorder is associated with a gnathic form of dentition occlusion anomaly; a medium degree (4575 %) of probability of occurring dysfunction with the presence of gnathic form of dentition occlusion anomaly with roentgenological changes in TMJ and the absence of functional signs; a low (1545 %) probability when detecting a dentoalveolar form of occlusion anomaly or dentition anomaly combined with roengenological changes in the joint and the absence of functional disorders; a very low (015 %) probability of dysfunction development with the presence of congested position of incisors, anomalies of separate teeth position in the sagittal plane in the frontal part and the absence of functional disorders.&#x0D; Conclusions. The knowledge of the above-mentioned predisposing factors (signs) of the disturbance of the joint function can be used as an instrument for prediction of the probability of developing the temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with maxillary dental anomalies.

Subchondral Bone Changes Following Sacroiliac Joint Arthrodesis – A Morpho-mechanical Assessment of Surgical Treatment of the Painful Joint

Sacroiliac joint arthrodesis is an ultima ratio treatment option for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Fusion drastically reduces sacroiliac joint movement providing long-lasting pain-relief associated with tension-relief to the innervated sacroiliac joint structures involved in force closure. To display the bone mineralization distribution patterns of the subchondral bone plate in 3 distinct regions (superior, anterior, and inferior) of the sacral and iliac counterparts of the sacroiliac joint pre- and post-sacroiliac joint arthrodesis and compare patterns of sacroiliac joint dysfunction post-sacroiliac joint fusion with sacroiliac joint dysfunction pre- arthrodesis patterns and those from healthy controls. An observational study. The research took place at the University of Basel, Switzerland, where the specific image analysis program (Analyze, v7.4, Biomedical Imaging Resources, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, NY, USA) was made available. Mineralization densitograms of 18 sacroiliac joint dysfunction patients pre- and post-sacroiliac joint arthrodesis (>= 6, >= 12, and >= 24 months post-surgery) were obtained using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry. For each patient, pre- vs. post-surgery statistical comparisons were undertaken, using the Hounsfield unit values derived from the subchondral mineralization of superior, anterior, and inferior regions on the iliac and sacral auricular surfaces. Post-operative values were also compared to those from a healthy control cohort (n = 39). In the pre-operative cohort at all 3 follow-up times, the superior iliac region showed significantly higher Hounsfield unit values than the corresponding sacral region (P < 0.01). Mineralization comparisons were similar for the sacrum and ilium in the anterior and inferior regions at all follow-up points (P > 0.5) with no surgery-related changes. Sacral density increased significantly in the post-operative state; not observed on the ilium. Post-operative sacroiliac joints showed a significantly increased mineralization in the superior sacrum after >= 6 months (P < 0.05), not replicated after >= 12 nor >= 24 months. Further comparison of post-operative scans versus healthy controls revealed significantly increased mineralization in the superior sacral region at (>=) 6, 12, and 24 months (P < 0.01), likely related to bone grafting, and in the anterior and inferior regions in post-operative scans at >= 12 and >= 24 months follow-up (P < 0.05). The given study is limited in sample size. Post-operative computed tomography scans had screws which may have left artifacts or partial volume effects on the surfaces. Healthy controls were different patients to the sacroiliac joint dysfunction and post-operative cohorts. Both cohorts were age-matched but this comparison did not take into account potential population differences. Size differences in the regions may have also been an influencing factor of the results as the regions were based on the size and shape of the articular surface. Sacroiliac joint arthrodesis results in an increased morpho-mechanical conformity in the anterior and inferior sacrum and reflects variable morpho-mechanical density patterns compared to the healthy state due to permanent alterations in the kinematics of the posterior pelvis.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION AFTER MANDIBULAR FRACTURES ACCORDING TO X-RAY EXAMINATION

The aim: On the basis of radiological data to evaluate the effectiveness of our developed treatment complex of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction after mandibular fractures. Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, 92 patients hospitalized in the department of surgical dentistry of the Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Hospital were examined for traumatic fractures of the mandible with functional disorders of the TMJ. 46 patients (main group) were treated according to the treatment method developed by us, and 46 patients (control group) were treated with the traditional method. Patients underwent orthopanthography and radiography of the temporomandibular joint according to Schuller. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using commonly used methods of variation statistics. Results: After 12 months of studies in patients of the main group, unilateral narrowing of the joint space was determined in 6,52 ± 1,83% of persons p, p1 0.05.The number of persons with unilateral expansion of the joint space according to Rtg, in the main group decreased by 2,3 times relative to the data before treatment. Conclusions: Timely treatment of musculoskeletal disorders with the help of pharmacological and physiotherapeutic methods proposed by us, allowed, to a large extent, to eliminate clinical, radiological and ultrasound symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with post-traumatic lesions of mandibule. This was confirmed by the improvement of the data of the conducted functional researches.

Analysis of related factors to internal derangement in temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients using magnetic resonance imaging

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the related factors to internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We reviewed the MRI of 60 TMJs that were examined MRI and diagnosed with internal derangement. Characteristics of the patients with internal derangement such as gender, age, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were examined. Statistical analyses of each characteristic such as gender, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were performed by cross-tabulation. The age difference was analyzed using Mann–Whitney test. The relationships between internal derangement and gender, age, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were also analyzed by logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results: The occurrence of internal derangement was different by gender (P = 0.021), and the number was larger on women. The presence of disturbance of mouth opening was significantly larger on disc displacement without reduction compared to that on disc displacement with reduction (P = 0.027). Age, TMJ pain, and joint effusion were not different between disc displacement with reduction and disc displacement without reduction. The result of logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that gender and disturbance of mouth opening were related to the higher risk of internal derangement (P

The Incidence Rate of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients with Earache

Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is known as a chronic pain in the earsmanifested in the form of tinnitus, earache, hearingloss, vertigo, and other impairments. Although patients affected with this disorderundergo long-term treatmentsusing various medicines without significant pain relief,medical care is still possible with a correct diagnosis. This study investigated the incidencerate of TMD in patients suffering from earache. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study investigate theincidencerate of TMDin patients with earache referring todental clinics affiliated toTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran, including patients with over six months of earache or those having pain despite using medicines. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I and II Protocol was used for examining TMD and stress, and also independent t-test and Chi-square test were employedto compare TMD patientsin terms of age and gender. Results:A total number of 100 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years, including 40 males and 60 females were examined in this study. The incidence rate of TMD in patients with earache was also reported by 76.5%. Conclusion:The results indicated a highincidence rate ofTMDin patients having earache. Accordingly, patients complaining about TMD required specialized earache evaluationsby dentists and medics.

Letter to the editor regarding "Determination of the Prevalence From Clinical Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in Patients With Lumbar Disc Hernia and an Evaluation of the Effect of This Combination on Pain and Quality of Life".

Letter to the editor regarding "Determination of the Prevalence From Clinical Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in Patients With Lumbar Disc Hernia and an Evaluation of the Effect of This Combination on Pain and Quality of Life".

Prevalence of Scapulothoracic Joint Dysfunction in Patients with Lateral Epicondylitis

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is a cumulative trauma disorder or repetitive motion disorder which is characterized by pain in the lateral epicondyle of humerus. This condition is mainly seen in individuals those who have repeated use of elbow like housewives, cooks, heavy load lifter, tennis player, painters, plumbers, carpenters, auto workers and in even butchers. As human body work as a unit. It is a kinetic chain if there is problem elsewhere in a body then nearby structures may also get affected. The patients those who have lateral epicondylitis are either avoid the movements of affected hand or do trick movements due to which proximal muscles undergo into weakness and it will leads to scapulothoracic joint dysfunction. This study was conducted to find out scapulothoracic joint dysfunction in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Objective: To find out prevalence of scapulothoracic joint dysfunction in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Method: An observational study was carried out using a cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in the city of Karad, Maharashtra. Study was conducted using a sample size of 21 patients with lateral epicondylitis (n= 4pq/L2 ) for a period of 6 months. The inclusion criteria was 30-50 years of age group and both male and female were included who were having lateral epicondylitis and exclusion criteria was the subjects with upper quadrent musculoskeletal problems and any thoracic surgery within past 6 months and subjects who have any spinal deformity like scoliosis. Result: The results showed that there was significant dysfunction in scapulothoracic joint in patients with lateral epicondylitis by using DASH questionnaire, scapular retraction test and scapular load test. Conclusion: On the basis of the result of the study, it was concluded that there is significant dysfunction in the scapulothoracic joint in patient with lateral epicondylitis.

Comparative Study of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction and Lumbar Flexibility between Normal Subjects and Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Patients

AbstractBackground: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a symptom rather than a disease diagnosis. Pathology in the low back might affect the pattern of movement rather than only the range of movement ROM. Approximately 10% with LBP do not respond to treatment and develop chronic LBP. The cause for this non-response to treatment is lack of specific diagnosis and inability to distinguish, in some people, pain arising from the Sacroiliac Joints (SIJs) or the lumbar spine.Aim of Study: This study was conducted to identify the relationship between Sacroiliac joint dysfunction SIJD and lumbar spine movement in sagittal and frontal plan.Subjects and Methods: Forty participants aging 20:40 years divided into 2 groups. Group (A) consisted of 20 healthy participants, Group (B) SIJD consisted of 20 subjects were positive of at least 3 SIJ provocative test. All the participants on the study, pelvic asymmetry was measured by PALM device also spinal flexibilityof lumbar spine was assessed in sagittal and frontal plan.Results: There was negative weak significant correlation between mean difference of pelvic inclination and Extension-Flexion E-F of lumbar (r=–0.405, p=0.014*). While, no significant correlation between mean difference of pelvic inclination and lumbar flexion, left side bending, right side bending, and over all side bending L-R of lumbar.Conclusion: There was change of lumbar spine mobility in sagittal plan on extension and overall sagittal ROM with SIJD patients, though in comparison between groups it showed that patient with SIJD had less overall frontal plan ROM.

The YIN and YANG of lipoproteins in developing and preventing infectious arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus.

Rapid bone destruction often leads to permanent joint dysfunction in patients with septic arthritis, which is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Staphylococcal cell wall components are known to induce joint inflammation and bone destruction. Here, we show that a single intra-articular injection of S. aureus lipoproteins (Lpps) into mouse knee joints induced chronic destructive macroscopic arthritis through TLR2. Arthritis was characterized by rapid infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes. The arthritogenic effect was mediated mainly by macrophages/monocytes and partially via TNF-α but not by neutrophils. Surprisingly, a S. aureus mutant lacking Lpp diacylglyceryl transferase (lgt) caused more severe joint inflammation, which coincided with higher bacterial loads of the lgt mutant in local joints than those of its parental strain. Coinjection of pathogenic S. aureus LS-1 with staphylococcal Lpps into mouse knee joints caused improved bacterial elimination and diminished bone erosion. The protective effect of the Lpps was mediated by their lipid moiety and was fully dependent on TLR2 and neutrophils. The blocking of CXCR2 on neutrophils resulted in total abrogation of the protective effect of the Lpps. Our data demonstrate that S. aureus Lpps elicit innate immune responses, resulting in a double-edged effect. On the one hand, staphylococcal Lpps boost septic arthritis. On the other hand, Lpps act as adjuvants and activate innate immunity, which could be useful for combating infections with multiple drug-resistant strains.

Determination of the Prevalence From Clinical Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in Patients With Lumbar Disc Hernia and an Evaluation of the Effect of This Combination on Pain and Quality of Life.

A prospective cross-sectional study. To evaluate the prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc hernia and examine the variations in clinical parameters cause by this combination. Although one of the many agents leading to lumbar pain is sacroiliac dysfunction, little progress has still been made to evaluate mechanical pain from sacroiliac joint dysfunction within the context of differential diagnosis of lumbar pain. Two hundred thirty-four patients already diagnosed with lumbar disc hernia were included in the study. During the evaluation, sacroiliac joint dysfunction was investigated using specific tests, pain levels with a Visual Analog Scale, and the presence of neuropathic pain using Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale. Other clinical assessments were performed using the Beck Depression Inventory, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale. 63.2% of patients were female and 36.8% were male. Mean age was 46.72 ± 11.14 years. The level of sacroiliac joint dysfunction was 33.3% in the research population. In terms of sex distribution, the proportion of women was higher in the group with sacroiliac joint dysfunction (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in pain intensity assessed using a Visual Pain Scale between the groups (P > 0.05), but the level of neuropathic pain was significantly higher in the group with dysfunction (P < 0.05). In the group with sacroiliac joint dysfunction, the presence of depression was significantly higher (P = 0.009), functional capacity was worse (P < 0.001), and the presence of kinesophobia was higher (P = 0.02). Our study results will be useful in attracting the attention of clinicians away from the intervertebral disc to the sacroiliac joint in order to avoid unnecessary and aggressive treatments. 2.

Clinical study on mild moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis

Objective To observe the clinical effect of mild moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to explore the role of mild moxibustion in relieving pain, reducing stiffness and improving joint dysfunction in patients with KOA.