Jobs Overseas Research Articles

Blind spots in energy transition policy: Case studies from Germany and USA

Abstract Energy transitions aim at economic prosperity through ‘green-collar’ job-creation, greater energy ‘independence’, and/or reduced emissions. These objectives imply creating policy-supported national renewable technology industries, ideally reducing clean energy costs to a point where support becomes unnecessary. Two dimensions of competition arise: renewables competing with incumbent technologies, and local renewable technology industries competing with others globally. Policy can, sometimes, overlook the evolution of such competitive pressures due to three blind-spots. Policy support may: create demand that outstrips the domestic industry’s capacity to expand — generating jobs overseas; underestimate the pace at which costs of a new technology are falling and become inadvertently over-generous; underestimate innovation potential in incumbent technologies, which necessitates longer-than-anticipated support for the renewable technology or, at worst, cease support before the new technology is sustainably cost-competitive. These blind-spots suggest that policymakers may incorporate more realistic representations of foreseeable changes in the competitive dynamics of industry and trade into transition planning. Ultimately, clean energy penetration intends to reduce absolute fossil-fuel consumption, which may trigger a more competitive response from affected suppliers than seen so far. This will be experienced as reductions in production costs due to demand clearing down the supply cost-curve and the supply cost-curve itself moving downwards.

Training motivation and satisfaction: The role of goal orientation and offshoring perception

An individual's goal orientation can influence their training motivation training satisfaction. Additionally, with the increased movement of jobs overseas, an individual's perception regarding the intensity of the occurrence of offshoring may influence this relationship. To evaluate the relationships of the dimensions of goal orientation (learning, avoid, and prove) on the dimensions of training motivation (learning and transfer) and training satisfaction, data were obtained from 442 degree-seeking students and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings suggest that learning and prove goal orientations were positively related to motivation to transfer and motivation to learn. Additionally, learning goal orientation and training satisfaction are positively related. Furthermore, offshoring perception particularly influenced the relationships involving learning goal orientation. Specifically, high offshoring perception (the belief that offshoring occurs frequently) strengthens the relationship between learning goal orientation and motivation to transfer, motivation to learn, and training satisfaction.

HOW DOES SKILLS MISMATCH AFFECT REMITTANCES? A STUDY OF FILIPINO MIGRANT WORKERS

In this article, unit record data on Filipino migrants are used to analyze the issue of skills mismatch, its prevalence, and its impact on remittances sent back home. Results obtained using instrumental variable techniques reveal that significant proportions of highly educated Filipino workers are employed in low‐skilled jobs overseas, with systematic variation by gender and by country of work. We find that skills mismatch impacts significantly on the migrant's remittance behavior, with effects that are differentiated between genders. Specifically, where there is mismatch in the migrant's educational attainment and the migrant's job requirement, we find significant reductions in remittances for men but not for women. (JEL J240, J610, O150)

Job cuts and lack of promotion behind exodus of senior nurses

The NHS is haemorrhaging skilled staff as thousands of nurses leave the health service every year for jobs overseas.

Lack of career progression and job cuts behind exodus of senior nurses.

Exclusive: The health service is haemorrhaging skilled staffas thousands of nurses leave the NHS every year for jobs overseas. Kat Keogh reports

Migration and Retention of Registered Nurses - A Case Study of Freetown

This study was conducted based on the health needs and deplorable health situation in West Africa sub region with particular reference to Sierra Leone. A quantitative study with descriptive design approach was used to observe and describe aspect of retention situation of Registered Nurses (RNs) in selected health institutions in Freetown. The main objective of the study was to describe the profile of the migration of nurses and to provide explanations for the observed retention problem of RNs in the health sector of Sierra Leone and specifically identify factors associated with the movement of registered nurses from Sierra Leone to other countries. The research sample was practicing RNs drawn from three Government Hospitals and three Private Hospitals. Questionnaires were administered to 155 practicing RNs to elicit information on various factors responsible for mass migration. 133 questionnaires were retrieved, given a response rate of 94.4%. The findings of the study showed that about 40% of RNs leave the country for jobs overseas, because of poor remuneration, poor working environment, delayed promotion and lack of incentives. Majority of respondents in both health institutions recommended better remuneration and recruitment of fresh graduate RNs into government workforce as remedies to retention and emigration problem in the country.

Insourcing as a New Trend in Global Business

Abstract In the face of world economic crisis, it is worth considering ‘what changes in thinking are needed to revive the global economy?’ Traditional management methods have already lost much of their potential. Keeping the compliance of job category with human nature is an important factor supported by insourcing. The purpose of this study was to answer the question whether the current economic situation in the world is more profitable to firms sending domestic jobs overseas, or perhaps - in the end - it is better to use insourcing services, providing employment to workers in their home countries

Natural Gas & Electricity Pricing: Natural Gas Could Bring Overseas Jobs Back to United States

AbstractAfter decades of bemoaning trends related to offshoring and losing jobs overseas, murmurings about manufacturing job creation in the United States are turning into a buzz. The conference circuit features programs on reshoring America and a Wall Street Journal blogger called US manufacturing a “bright spot amid global weakness.” Although pundits may point to a broader economic recovery as the cause, the availability of shale oil and gas deserve credit. The shale revolution is creating new jobs in America and bringing manufacturing back from overseas.

Top 10 H-1B Visa Companies All Specialize in Shipping American Jobs Overseas [IEEE—USA

Top 10 H-1B Visa Companies All Specialize in Shipping American Jobs Overseas [IEEE—USA

Why is this Job Recovery Different than All Others?

The slow job recovery three years after the end of the recession of 2008-09 is characterized by persistently-high rates of unemployment. To understand this job recovery – different than all others –along with the economy’s large underutilized workforce, eleven key explanatory factors are considered. The first four factors – attributing the slow recovery to a deep, protracted recession or systemic banking crisis, coupled with an economic recovery not powered by the traditional driver of consumption and saddled with a second wave of public sector unemployment – are directly tied to the recent recession, are likely to be transitory and reversible, and reflect inadequate demand for labor. Currently-high levels of unemployment, however, are not just reflecting weak demand, but are equally the result of a distorted labor supply side. The next seven explanations represent long-term trends contributing to the decline in human capital, are not transitory, and predate and were not spawned by the last recession. U.S. job creation has been affected by interconnected global economies. As part of fiercely-competitive post-2000 globalization, a shift has taken place from the old economic model of sharing productivity gains between labor and businesses. Globalization – manifested by U.S. multinational companies shifting employment overseas – has had a pernicious impact on domestic unemployment after 2000. Technological innovation has also increased the number of workers who are unemployed or have left the workforce, replaced by automation or lower-paying jobs overseas. Globalization, technological change and a corporate shift from labor to capital have contributed to polarization of the labor force, with the wages and job offers for low-skilled workers stagnating due to global competitive pressures. On the opposite end of the labor force, there is a dearth of highly-educated experienced workers. And the large middle class is being 'hollowed out' and not keeping pace with inflation or productivity gains. Prime-age men who had ‘dropped out’ of the labor force after 2000 constitute a major share of the underutilized workforce. A more highly-educated and innovative workforce must be created to stimulate faster long-term economic growth by providing more-equal access to education and embracing technological change in an information-age economy. And creation of more productive domestic jobs will likely be supported by powerful trends in the global economy. More than 50 charts and tables are included to visually display most of the observations noted above.

Fiscal Policy in an Era of Austerity

We face a time of stagnant economic growth, severe unemployment, massive budget deficits, and an increasingly competitive global economy. Monetary policy is tapped out, and there is a great deal of uncertainty about the effectiveness of a traditional Keynesian stimulus – and, not surprisingly, a heated debate among economists. One thing we do know is that a stimulus is quite difficult to execute effectively. For example, it is a challenge to identify “shovel ready” projects that contribute to long-term economic growth, particularly on short notice. There is no uncertainty, though, about the need to address a broad range of specific problems contributing to our economic woes. As an illustrative example, this Article emphasizes the perils of having the highest corporate tax rate in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) in a competitive global economy. Cutting our corporate tax rate will encourage businesses to invest and hire more employees, while also reducing incentives to engage in wasteful tax planning and to shift taxable income and jobs overseas. In addition to these problems with our substantive law, we also face problems of process that are undercutting our government’s effectiveness. An important (and familiar) one is that politicians are consistently tempted to accommodate organized interest groups, especially if the costs of these favors can be quietly passed on to the general public. This is all the more true if special interest deals can be financed with deficit spending, so that the bill will not come due until long after our current political leaders have retired. Various measures can constrain this familiar political dynamic, and this Article sketches three strategies as illustrative examples. First, we should make the costs of special interest deals more visible through better budgetary accounting. Second, we should enlist specific institutions within our government to target waste and pork. For example, we should empower special House and Senate committees to cut particular budget items or, alternatively, to sever them from the rest of the budget and subject them to a separate public vote. Third, we should create stronger institutional barriers to deficit spending. Scarcity focuses the mind, so that our leaders will have greater incentive to reject initiatives that are not cost-justified.

Global Accounting Standards And Curriculum

Offshoring of technology jobs and its adverse economic effects on the U.S. economy are making daily headlines. Globalization of economy and advances in information technology have accelerated offshoring to low labor cost countries like China and India. The latter have the advantage of abundant educated manpower, low labor cost and high entrepreneurial spirit. However, just as globalization is taking lower-value jobs overseas, it is also creating markets for higher-value U.S. services and goods in those countries. Development of global accounting standards could further accelerate offshoring of jobs in financial services. It is time that business schools prepare their graduates to face the challenge through appropriate curriculum changes.

Securing Jobs or the New Protectionism? Taxing the Overseas Activities of Multinational Firms

Tax policy toward American multinational firms would appear to be approaching a crossroads. The presumed linkages between domestic employment conditions and the growth of foreign operations by American firms have led to calls for increased taxation on foreign operations - the so-called end to tax breaks for companies that ship our jobs overseas. At the same time, the current tax regime employed by the U.S. is being abandoned by the two remaining large capital exporters - the UK and Japan - that had maintained similar regimes. The conundrum facing policymakers is how to reconcile mounting pressures for increased tax burdens on foreign activity with the increasing exceptionalism of American policy. This paper address these questions by analyzing the available evidence on two related claims - i) that the current U.S. policy of deferring taxation of foreign profits represents a subsidy to American firms and ii) that activity abroad by multinational firms represents the displacement of activity that would have otherwise been undertaken at home. These two tempting claims are found to have limited, if any, systematic support. Instead, modern welfare norms that capture the nature of multinational firm activity recommend a move toward not taxing the foreign activities of American firms, rather than taxing them more heavily. Similarly, the weight of the empirical evidence is that foreign activity is a complement, rather than a substitute, for domestic activity. Much as the formulation of trade policy requires resisting the tempting logic of protectionism, the appropriate taxation of multinational firms requires a similar fortitude.

STEM Education Crisis: Overblown?

In his Editorial “Scilence” (19 September, p. [1605][1]), N. R. Augustine claimed that there is a crisis in science and technology education in the United States. However, there is evidence that the crisis is overblown. In May, Science reported that one of the crucial statistics in The Gathering Storm , the report Augustine cited, was incorrect ([1][2]). The report claimed that “there were almost twice as many U.S. physics bachelor's degrees awarded in 1956 [pre-Sputnik] than in 2004.” In fact, according to the Science story, “U.S. colleges and universities awarded 72% more undergraduate physics degrees in 2004 than in 1956—4965 versus 2883.” Recently, Inside Higher Ed ([2][3]) quoted Michael S. Teitelbaum, a demographer at the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, who said that concerns about science education seem to surface every 10 years but that the shortfalls have so far failed to materialize. I have a few suggestions for esteemed business leaders like Augustine: Stop outsourcing jobs overseas. Pay engineers and scientists more, hire those who might not perfectly match every job requirement, and invest in training and educating new hires. 1. 1.[↵][4] 1. Y. Bhattacharjee , Ed. Science 320, 857 (2008). [OpenUrl][5] 2. 2.[↵][6] 1. A. Guess , “Challenging conventional wisdom on STEM supply,” Inside Higher Ed ((17 September 2008)) [www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/09/17/pcast][7]. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1162924 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1. in text [5]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.volume%253D320%26rft.spage%253D857%26rft.atitle%253DSCIENCE%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2. in text [7]: http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/09/17/pcast

Telework: A Productivity Paradox?

Telework could potentially offer significant savings on fuel, office space, and carbon emissions, improve productivity and morale and even reduce the outflow of US jobs overseas. Many companies have enthusiastically embraced it, but pitfalls loom. It appears that the public sector, especially the federal government, is behind on deploying telework opportunities. The challenges of setting up office system replicas in homes or telecenters are significant. Yet the payoffs, measured in productivity gains and real estate savings alone, could make the investment pay off handsomely.

Wal-Mart in 2005 (B)

As 2004 came to a close, Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, found itself facing a variety of stakeholder issues. The largest company in the world, which had ranked number one on the Fortune 500 for several years, was accused of, among other things, sending jobs overseas, destroying small-town America, paying its workers substandard wages and providing abysmal health care coverage, and discriminating against women and minorities. Many outsiders accused the retailer of circumventing or ignoring the principles upon which the legendary Sam Walton founded the company: respect for the individual, service to customers, and constant striving for excellence. As 2005 began, Wal-Mart CEO H. Lee Scott and other Wal-Mart executives had to address the various issues. This case details not only the rise of Wal-Mart and its notable capabilities and strategies, but also how the retailer had inadvertantly found itself with such a negative reputation.

Career destinations, job satisfaction and views of the UK medical qualifiers of 1977

To study the career destinations, job satisfaction and views of UK-trained senior doctors. Postal questionnaire. All doctors who qualified from all UK medical schools in 1977; and Department of Health employment data. Career destinations of medical qualifiers from 1977. 72% responded to the questionnaire. Using all available evidence, including that on non-responders, 76% of the cohort, comprising 77% of the men and 74% of the women, were working in the NHS 27 years after qualification. Approximately 18% were in medical jobs either overseas or outside the NHS. Of respondents in the NHS, 89% of men and 51% of women had full-time contracts. NHS doctors rated their job satisfaction highly, with a median score of 19.5 on a scale from 5 (very low satisfaction) to 25 (very high satisfaction). Satisfaction with time off for leisure was much lower, with a median score of 4.6 on a scale from 1 (low) to 10 (high). Of those in the NHS, 67% agreed that they worked longer hours than they thought they should; and 40% agreed that their working conditions were satisfactory. 27 years after qualification, the percentage of women who were working in the NHS was similar to that of men. Although these senior doctors had high levels of satisfaction with the content of their jobs, they were not so satisfied with their working hours and working conditions. Our results can be used as benchmarks, against which the career pathways and satisfaction levels of more recently qualified doctors can be compared.

The Body Hunters: Testing New Drugs on the World's Poorest Patients

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ReviewFull AccessThe Body Hunters: Testing New Drugs on the World's Poorest PatientsJeffrey S. Barkin M.D.Jeffrey S. Barkin M.D.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Feb 2008https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2008.59.2.216AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Sonia Shah is an independent journalist whose articles have been published in The Nation , Orion , and elsewhere. In her recent book, The Body Hunters , she offers an account of how clinical trials by large pharmaceutical companies are conducted abroad, quite often in developing third-world countries. She offers numerous examples of just how these research trials are conducted and pays particular attention to the very real risks of this research to the clinical trial population. Shah's message is essentially that large multinational pharmaceutical companies have "outsourced" their research trials, all in an effort to develop new and expensive medications. Although many here in the United States are distressed by the outsourcing of our jobs overseas, here is an example of how an agenda is shifted to the clinical trial populations of many countries, particularly those in Asia and Africa.The conditions in many of these countries are often quite poor, with a typically fundamental lack of health care infrastructure and availability. As a result, Shah posits that it has become much easier to have clinical research organizations make clinical trials available to a desperate population because a bad relationship may be better than no relationship. Many ethical issues and concerns are undoubtedly raised by these trials, including the use of placebo in very ill populations, such as those with HIV. How can we justify the use of placebo in people who likely will die? Does exposure of those lucky enough to receive the active drug justify conducting the clinical trial in such a vulnerable population? Does the prospect that a new drug may be effective in a large potentially global population outweigh the risk of such research?Of course, many other moral and ethical questions are raised. For example, does the potential benefit of novel treatments outweigh the potentially lethal side effects? Next, can informed consent really be obtained in populations that lack medical sophistication? Shah's book raises many important questions; however, she often misses the mark. For example, she decries the development of new medications when there are already numerous compounds available for a given condition. The medical reality is that patients really do respond differently to specific medications and having numerous treatments available really does allow us to treat a larger population.I trained in the late 1980s. The only medication available for bipolar disorder was lithium, which was helpful for some patients but not for many. The development of numerous mood stabilizers and research on just how different bipolar patients respond to specific treatments has made the treatment of such patients significantly better. Having more than one screwdriver in my toolbox, so to speak, has allowed me to more effectively treat many more patients. Is it ethical or morally justifiable to prevent research that may improve the health outcomes in a large population? Also, let us realize that numerous clinical trials are also conducted in first-world populations, including the United States and Europe. Let us not forget that there are numerous clinical trials occurring in Boston, New York, and Los Angeles. Would the development of novel and different medications be stifled if clinical trials could only be conducted in these populations?Shah's book raises important issues and is a good conversation starter. As the limitations of health care financing in the United States achieve central prominence, issues of novel medication development will no doubt be positioned front and center. For those interested in clinical trials, medical ethics, and health care delivery this book is a welcome addition.Dr. Barkin has a private practice in Portland, Maine. FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 59Issue 2 February, 2008Pages 216-217PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES February 2008 Volume 59 Number 2 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 February 2008 Published in print 1 February 2008

“I Just Bought a Flat Screen T.V. in Kolkata?” Application of Laws for International Outsourcing Related Identity Theft

Because the internet makes it economical to do so, many American companies have sent their customer service jobs overseas. Workers in these outsourced jobs often have access to personal financial information of American citizens. Recent identity thefts, both in America and abroad, highlight the need for laws mandating tighter security by the companies that hold and trade personal information. This paper explores American legislation attempting to deal with identity theft crime as well as parallel laws in India, where many of the outsourced jobs are located. Furthermore, this paper suggests that any federal legislation ought not to preempt state law, as California law is currently protecting consumer privacy stronger than proposed legislation would.

Race for the exits: the unraveling of Japan's system of social protection

Contrary to all expectations, Japan's long-term recession has provoked no sustained political movement to replace the nation's malfunctioning economic structure. The country's basic social contract has so far proved resistant to reform, even in the face of persistently adverse conditions. In Race for the Exits, Leonard J. Schoppa explains why it has endured and how long it can last. The postwar Japanese system of convoy capitalism traded lifetime employment for male workers against government support for industry and the private (female) provision of care for children and the elderly. Two social groups bore a particularly heavy burden in providing for the social protection of the weak and dependent: large firms, which committed to keeping their core workforce on the payroll even in slow times, and women, who stayed home to care for their homes and families. Using the exit-voice framework made famous by Albert Hirschman, Schoppa argues that both groups have chosen exit rather than voice, depriving the political process of the energy needed to propel necessary reforms in the system. Instead of fighting for reform, firms slowly shift jobs overseas, and many women abandon hopes of accommodating both family and career. Over time, however, these trends have placed growing economic and demographic pressures on the social contract. As industries reduce their domestic operations, the Japanese economy is further diminished. Japan has also experienced a baby bust as women opt out of motherhood. Schoppa suggests that a radical break with the Japanese social contract of the past is becoming inevitable as the system slowly and quietly unravels.