Jimma University College Research Articles

Physicochemical stability, microbial growth and sensory quality of refined wheat flour as affected by packaging materials during storage

Wheat flour is a hygroscopic product requiring efficient packaging materials to maintain shelf stability and desired quality during long storage periods. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of four packaging materials (Paper bag, Polypropylene, woven polypropylene bag + Low-density polyethylene, and Purdue Improved Crops Storage) in preserving the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory quality of refined wheat flour over 6 months at room temperature (14.8−26.80 °C). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions at the Postharvest Management and Animal Nutrition Laboratory of Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. Results revealed that hermetic packaging materials, specifically Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) and Polypropylene bag + low-density Polyethylene (PP + LDPE), were the most effective in maintaining flour quality compared to non-hermetic options such as woven polypropylene bag (PP) and paper bag. As storage duration increased, there was a gradual decline in physicochemical quality, albeit to varying degrees depending on the packaging material. Nutritional losses were significantly lower in hermetic packaging materials. For instance, crude protein losses were 1.82% in PICS and 2.81% in PP + LDPE, compared to 4.64% in woven PP and 3.81% in paper bags. Moisture content increased by 4.43% with PP bags and 3.92% with paper bags, while the slightest changes, 1.99%, and 2.03%, were observed in PICS and PP + LDPE bags, respectively. Additionally, hermetic packaging materials reduced microbial growth. They maintained bulk density, water, and oil absorption capacity, as well as the odor and color of the stored flour compared to non-hermetic packaging materials evaluated. It is recommended that supply chain actors and consumers utilize PICS or PP + LDPE bags to ensure better physicochemical stability, microbial control, and sensory quality of refined wheat flour.

Statistical analysis on job satisfaction of academic staff at college of natural science in jimma university, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Job satisfaction is an attitude that is the outcome of balancing and summarizing of numerous individual likes and dislikes that an employee experiences while performing his or her job. People's wants and requirements are always changing and rising in modern society; when these needs are not met, people get unhappy. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of job satisfaction among academic staff members at Jimma University College of Natural Science. A crosssectional study design was used in this research. The subjects who were involved in the study were 280 academic staff members in College of Natural Science. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics method of data analysis, which means from descriptive statistics frequency table, cross tab, and from inferential statistics chi-square test of association and Ordinary Logistic Regression have been used. Most of the academic staff members are moderately satisfied with their job, P-value=0.000 indicates there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis at α=5% level of significance. Then there is a association between employees, ages and job satisfaction and P-value=0.000 indicates there is relationship between the level of job satisfaction and relationship of employees who work in college of Natural science. Mean level of job satisfaction of the employees depends on the relationships of academic staff members. Age, relationship with workers, work environment, education level, and monthly salary shows relationship with the level of job satisfaction. Academic staff members are not very satisfied with their job due to monthly salary, employment, scarcity of time, and educational level.

Biochemical Composition Variation among Southern Ethiopian Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Genotypes

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) provides several health benefits to users due to its strong medicinal and nutritional properties and caloric value. Green bean proximate composition diversity is unknown among the coffee genotypes now cultivated in southern Ethiopia. The study’s major goals are to determine the variability in green bean proximate composition among coffee genotypes and to see if there are any relationships between green bean proximate attributes. Therefore, a nutritional laboratory experiment was carried out at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM). Using the augmented design, a total of 104 entries were examined, including 100 accessions from southern Ethiopia and four standard checks. Each accession had data on 07 proximate composition parameters of green beans. The presence of significant ( P < 0.05 ) differences among the examined accessions for most of the traits considered was revealed by analysis of variance, and a wide range of variation was detected for several traits, indicating that the coffee germplasm accessions have high genetic variability. According to the findings, coffee beans have crude protein (6.93 to 10.14%), total lipids (8.89 to 16.08%), crude ash (2.51–5.47%), crude fiber (6.79–22.25%), dry matter (89.08 to 91.63%), carbohydrate (40.65 to 59.38%), and caloric value (307.39–382.77 k/calories). One hundred four arabica coffee accessions were grouped into ten distinct groups by 20 (19.23%), 21 (20.19%), 39 (37.50%), 12 (11.54%), 04 (3.85%), 03 (2.88%), 02 (1.92%), 01 (0.96%), 01 (0.96%), and 01 (0.96%). The majority of intercluster distances were significantly varied, showing that diversity exists that can be utilized through selection and hybridization. Clusters III and X had the greatest intercluster distance (D2 = 344.16), followed by clusters II and X (D2 = 236.33), VII and X (D2 = 199.04), and clusters VI and I (D2 = 106.25). Clusters I and IV had the smallest intercluster distance (D2 = 10.09), followed by II and IV (D2 = 10.66), and I and VI (D2 = 11.03). The first three principal components with eigenvalues larger than one explained 71.84% of the overall variation. In general, genotypes differed in green bean proximate composition and might be used as gene sources to generate future green bean varieties with appropriate biochemical composition.

Higher Diploma Program in Ethiopian Higher Education: Instructors’ Perception and Perceived Practices in Jimma University and Jimma College of Teachers Education

The study investigates the perception and perceived practices of Higher Diploma program (HDP) in the Jimma University and Jimma College of teachers’ education using a cross-sectional survey design comprised of questionnaire and interviews. The data were collected from 91 instructors, and 3 higher diploma leaders (HDLs) who were selected through lottery sampling and 2 higher diploma coordinators (HDCs) who were selected using availability sampling methods. The finding revealed the importance of the HDP (M=4.3, SD=0.91) though the perception of the HEI instructors differ before coming, and after coming to the HDP. Though the study indicated as the trained instructors are applying the knowledge and skill, which they have acquired from the HDP training, the HEIs are not following the actual practices of the training. The study found out that the HE instructors’ perception had a significant correlation with the practices of HDP (r=.694, p=0.00<0.01) having a moderate effect size (δ=0.48). The findings call for the proper implementation of the HDP for the betterment of the program and to achieve the intentions of the HDP.

Effect of Potting Media and Variety on Growth, Yield and Quality of Hot Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) Under Jimma Condition, South West Ethiopia

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) during the season of 2016/2017. The rapid population increase and land scarcity calls for an alternative of crop production for sustenance of the human race. Productivity of Hot pepper is limited due to Lack of improved, good quality and well adapted varieties, nutrient depletion (poor soil fertility) and inappropriate fertilizer utilization. Treatments consisted of four hot pepper varieties (Mareko Fana, Melka Shote, Melka Awaze and Local Variety) and five potting media mixture (Topsoil, FYM + Top soil + Sand, Compost + Top soil + Sand, Compost + FYM + top soil and Top soil +Sand). The result of the study showed in most cases all the studied growth parameters were significantly higher in pot treated by compost +FYM + top soil and control treatment was significantly reduced the all the plant growth parameter. Accordingly, the tallest and lowest plant height was recorded from variety Melka shote and Local variety respectively. Also the study revealed that higher significant (p<0.05) interactions between potting media and varieties on days to 50% flowering, days to 50% fruit set, days to 50% fruit maturity, days to first harvest, mean number of flowers per plant, mean number of primary branches, number of fruit per plant, number of seed per fruit, pericarp thickness, fruit length and fruit diameter. As a result, the earliest variety to attain days to 50% flowering, days to 50% fruit set and days to 50% fruit maturity and also days to first harvest was recorded from Mareko Fana in PM4. The highest number of fruits per plant was from Melka Shote with mixture of PM4, while Mareko Fana was the highest fruit weight per hak and number of seed per fruit in the potting media of PM4. Similarly, the longest, widest, thickest fruit size and highest cost benefit ratio was attained from Mareko Fana with in PM4. In addition, Mareko Fana were highly preferred and accepted by consumers and this may be attributed to its high quality, larger fruits size and diameter. As results from the study revealed, PM4 could be successfully used to obtain better growth, yield and quality of hot pepper. However, further testing is required in different locations on different potting media.

Role of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance, Case of Jimma University in Ethiopia

This study explored role of knowledge management practice on the performance in higher education institute at Jimma University College of agriculture and Veterinary medicine in Ethiopia, considering academic staff perception. The study mainly employed quantitative descriptive research design using cross sectional design also used qualitative approach. For data collection, pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire used. Considering 143 academic staff a population studied using census approach out of total 214 excluding those currently engaged in further study. Response rate was 81.8%. Descriptive and inferential statistics analysis employed utilizing STATA 14. Major finding includes: willingness of knowledge sharing and discovery was at high level. Knowledge sharing, capture, utilization as well as organizational and IT infrastructure support was at medium level. Chi-square (χ2) test indicated there is association between knowledge capture, sharing, utilization, organization support, IT support and performance. However ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that only component knowledge utilization has positive and significant impact on performance. The study identified challenges in the practice of knowledge management such as inadequate fund, unsatisfactory documentation, inadequate support and cooperation consecutively. Thus college should spend more in knowledge management practice can improve innovation utilized in funding research, enhance team work, improving technology, motivate academic staff to retain and share knowledge. Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge share, Performance, Practice, Process

Understanding the implementation (including women’s use) of maternity waiting homes in low-income and middle-income countries: a realist synthesis protocol

IntroductionMaternity waiting homes in low-income and middle-income countries provide accommodation near health facilities for pregnant women close to the time of birth to promote facility-based birth and birth with a...

Effect of Harvesting Stage, Form and Duration of Storage on Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Korarima ( &lt;i&gt;Afframomum&lt;/i&gt; (Braun) P.C.M. Jansen) Collected From Masha Woreda, Sheka Zone, Southwestern, Ethiopia

Korarima, also called Ethiopian cardamom, is cultivated in the forest areas of southwestern part of Ethiopia. It is an underutilized spice crop with minimal research attention in the past. Moreover, no tangible data is available regarding the harvesting stage, form and duration of storage in relation to the quality. Hence, a study was undertaken to determine the appropriate harvesting stage, form, and duration of storage for an optimum quality of korrorima. Fully mature green and mature red capsules were collected from Masha woreda of the southwestern Ethiopia at peak harvesting time, mid-September and October. The capsules were evaluated for different physico-chemical parameters within laboratory of Jimma university college of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM). Dual harvesting stages (fully mature green and mature red), three forms of storage (capsule, seed and powder) and three storage durations (0/without storing, 3 months storage and 6 months storage time) were arranged in factorial combination in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results indicated that harvesting korrorima at different harvesting stages showed significant differences on physical and biochemical compositions. Fresh weight of capsules (FWC), dry weight of seeds (DWS), and seed to husk ratio (STHR) were highly significantly affected by harvesting stages (P<0.01). Significant (P<0.05) to very highly significant (P<0.001) variation was also observed for seed quality traits such as volatile oil, oleoresin contents and proximate compositions. The mean values of the fresh weight of capsule for mature green were 24.55% and 23.28 for mature red; dry weight of seed for mature green were 4.59 and 6.45% for mature red; and seed to husk ratio for mature green was 2.65% and 3.38% for mature red. Hence, moisture content ranged between 15.08 to 17.86; crude protein between 7.43 to 9.39; Volatile oil content ranged from 2.50 to 4.80 (v/w %) and oleoresin from 5.06 to 9.93 (w/w %). Therefore, physical, volatile oil and oleoresin compositions showed a significant reduction due to the interaction effect of the three factors. The variation may be linked to the moisture content and accumulation of different assimilates. Furthermore, level of exposure to higher temperature and free reactive oxygen might have created a significant variation between samples. Harvesting at fully mature green stage was found more recommendable and acceptable but fails to retain its intrinsic quality during long storage. Contrarily, prolonged harvesting reduces most of the intrinsic quality of the crop. Storing for extended time in the form of powder may lead consumers to loss most quality traits than storing in the form of capsule.

Water and cow urine quenched biochar rate effect on yield and yield parameters of wheat

Biochar application to soil is important for crop production and productivity in Ethiopia mainly where high rainfall is available. This study was conducted in Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine campus during 2019 cropping season to determine the effect of cow urine and water quenched biochar with the biochar application rate on wheat yield and yield components. A wheat pot experiment was sown with two biochar rates (6 t ha-1 and 4 t ha-1 quenched with (cow urine and water). The number of effective tillers, spike length, seeds per spike, above dry biomass and thousand seed weight revealed non-significant differences. However, plant height, yield per pot and harvest index indicated significant variation due to the treatment combination of cow urine quenched, water quenched biochar and biochar rate over the control treatment. Six (6) tones biochar quenched with cow urine showed the maximum result and followed by 4 tones biochar quenched with cow urine. Biochar application has a significant advantage over control treatment.&#x0D; Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 35-39, June 2020

Effect of Age and Genetic Groups on Growth Performance of Crossed Koekoek and Sasso Chickens

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age and genetic groups on growth performance of crossed koekoek and sasso chickens. To fulfill this aim, a total of 360 randomly selected day-old-chicks (90 from each genetic group) were obtained from the hatchery of Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine poultry farm. And then, the chicks were placed at brooder house in completely randomized design within three replicates. At the end of the brooding period, each group was transferred to grower’s house. Data have been collected for sixteen weeks of age on the variables such as: body weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality. Finally, the collected data were entered in to a statistical analysis system (SAS, 2014, Version 9.3). The result revealed that Sasso (SS) had significantly (P<0.05) heavy body weight followed by crosses of Koekoek cockerels and Sasso pullets (KS crosses). In opposite, Koekoek (KK) parental breed was the least among others while crosses between Sasso cockerels and Koekoek pullets (SK crosses) were not far from KK. The values of mean and standard error for SS, KS, SK and KK were listed as follows: 983.00±12.55, 883.00±11.65, 820.00±11.60 and 702.00 ±10.05 at 8th week, respectively. Among crosses, KS chicks gained significantly (P<0.05) higher daily body weight (15.04±0.25) than the SK chicks (13.96±0.20) at brooder phase. Further, the mean feed conversion ratio recorded for KS cross during brooding period were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the mean feed conversion ratio recorded for SK cross with values (2.55±0.04 and 2.70±0.05), respectively. In summary, the resulting progenies from crosses of KK and SS performed better than both parental breeds, thus suggesting that is possible to be an encouraging factor for the poultry breeders to cross these two breeds (Koekoek male and Sasso female) to get hybrid vigor in growth performance.

Case Study on Factors Affecting Training Need Assessment in Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine librarians

Training need assessment is also the process of collecting information about an employees or tasks that helps to specify the training need or performance deficiency. This study examined to assess factors that affect training need Assessment in Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine librarians that used questionnaire, interviews, observation and document review as instrument of data collection. Simple random method was used to select samples from the target population and the study employed quantitative and qualitative data types from primary and secondary data source. The quantitative data analyzed in descriptive (frequency, percentage) by SPSS version 20 and presented in table and graph forms. The qualitative data were also analyses in systematic narration. The results of this study revealed that there is not a regular system on delivering training program and weak in supervising the employees by higher manager. Regarding on the training every decision is held by the higher manager without a systematic and detail information gathering about individual, there performance and the level of their skill. The survey data revel that lack of attention from the higher manager on training need assessment due to workload, lack of proper training program and Lack of facilities and logistics were the main reason for the failure of training activities in library. Therefore, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine should be provide attention on training need assessment the lead to prepare any training for the right people at the right time for filling the gap to create a good work environment that directly help to improve library service. Keywords: Training, Training Need Assessment, library, JUCAVM DOI : 10.7176/JTHS/42-01 Publication date :July 31 st 2019

Effects of Different Level of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, Quality and Storage Life of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Jimma, South Western Ethiopia

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops produced in Ethiopia. Yield and productivity of the crop has been far below the regional and national standards owing to several factors; absence of location specific fertilizer recommendation being the major among others. In Ethiopia, post harvest loss of vegetables contributed up to 30% yield reduction. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Research field during dry season to study the effects of Nitrogen fertilizer application on growth, yield, quality and storage life of irrigated onion under Jimma condition, South Western Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha -1 ) that laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data on growth, yield, bulb quality and storage life parameters were recorded and analyzed using GenStat 12.1 version computer soft ware packages. Results of the study revealed that; Nitrogen fertilizer applications had shown a highly significant effect on growth, yield and quality of onion. Similarly, the keeping qualities of the Onion bulbs are highly influenced by application of N at different levels. Excessive application of Nitrogen fertilizer caused higher bulb rots (%); bulb sprouts (%) and weight loss (%) during the three month storage time at ambient temperature. This can be recommended for use by potential onion investors or farmers in the study area. Keywords : Growth, Nitrogen, Onion, Quality, Storage life, Yield. DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-10-05 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

The Current Status of Veterinary Vaccinology: A Review

This paper was done starting from February 2017 to July 2017 in Jimma University College of Agriculture and School of Veterinary Medicine. The suffering of different animal species from multiple infectious agents in and around the university leads us to be conscious and enabled us to write this scientific paper which can be acts as the source of information for Veterinary vaccinology. Louis Pasteur in the 19th century demonstrated the ability to protect chickens against fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) and thus demonstrated the benefit of vaccination in animals and paved the way for the development of the array of veterinary vaccines which are in use today. Since Pasteur’s work, vaccination against infectious disease have been used successfully to protect animals from many serious diseases some of which were also significant risks to humans. Veterinary vaccine has a parallel way of development in research and development of vaccines in the human field vaccinology today also. Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccine contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins. The general information concerning veterinary vaccination such as common vaccination, common methods of veterinary vaccination, principles of vaccination; standardization of veterinary vaccines, generation of vaccine, vaccine formulation, new approaches to veterinary vaccines and few other information were roughly reviewed from scientific journals, experiment results, proceedings, reference books and manuals. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the general current information of Veterinary Vaccinology and to give specific recommendations based on the facts obtained.

Assessment on Effectiveness of On-job Training of Supportive Staffs: The Case Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

On-the-job training could be considered as those types of training for employees to assist them develop their skills in particular occupation, vocation or discipline. The main purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of on-job training of supportive staff in Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. The specific objectives were therefore; first to assess the effectiveness of on-job training on four levels (reactions, learning, behavior and result). Second, to examine factors affecting effectiveness of on-job training. Third, to investigate effects of on-job training on the staffs. The descriptive research design was used for this study. The study utilizes sample of fifty respondents, which selected through simple random sampling method and a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. The data were analyzed using Kirkpatrick evaluation model and SPSS version twenty software. The result shows some of training challenges such as workload, lack of material access and too short duration for the employee during the on-job training programme.

Essential oil yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by genotype and intrarow spacing at Jimma, SW Ethiopia

Basil is an aromatic, medicinal, culinary, and multifunctional herb which is grown in different parts of Ethiopia. Although the oil distilled from the herb, as well as its herbal yields, are a crucial input in the pharmaceutical industry and for culinary purposes, the yield obtained is below its potential due to various challenges. Genotype and plant spacing are two of the factors which contribute to the low production of the crop. A field trial was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) in 2016 and 2017 to assess the effect of genotype and plant spacing on essential oil yield and other yield-related traits of this important herb. Four promising genotypes (BO-1, BO-3, BO-4, and BO-5) and three plant spacings (20, 30, and 40 cm) were studied in a 4 × 3 factorial design arranged as randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. Data on plant height, leaf area, number of primary branches, essential oil content and oil yield were collected and analyzed. The analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01) interaction effect of genotype with plant spacing for all parameters tested. The maximum essential oil yield (7.88 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) was obtained from genotype BO-5 at 30 cm spacing, whilst the least (2.68 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) was recorded from BO-1 at 40 cm spacing. The maximum oil content (101 mL g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) was gained from BO-1 at 20 cm, but BO-3 at 30 cm spacing recorded the least oil content though there were no significant differences between the three treatment combinations. Further studies at different locations and seasons will be important to for future local recommendations.

Effect of cattle manure on growth and yield of carrot (Daucus Carrota L.) under Jimma condition

So far, research has been conducted to know the effect of cattle manure fertilizer on growth and yield of carrot under Jimma condition. Experiment was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine at horticulture garden during 2016 cropping season under irrigation condition. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and cattle manure applications with four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 18 tons per hectare) were used. Each treatment was replicated three times. Data was collected from five randomly taken plants per plot. The finding revealed that application of cattle manure on carrot showed a highly significant effect for growth parameters (plant height, canopy diameter, root length and root diameter). Application of cattle manure at 10 tons ha-1 increased carrot root weight by 48.8 % compared to the non-fertilized control treatment. Therefore, this finding would be a base for future research to be conducted.

Growth and Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Response to Plant Density and Variety in Jimma, South Western Ethiopia

In appropriate use of plant spacing and lack of evaluation of improved varieties across agro ecologies are the predominant agronomic practices that reduce the productivity of onion. The present study therefore, has been designed to investigate the influence of variety, intra-row spacing and their possible interaction on growth and yield of onion. The study was conducted under irrigation during the year 2016/2017 at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, on experimental site of horticultural crops. Four onion varieties (Adama Red, Nafis, Melkam and Nasik Red) and three intra-row spacing (7,10 and 13 cm) with inter-row spacing of 20 cm. The experiment was designed in RCBD with three replications. The results of the study showed that both variety and intra-row spacing had a significant effect (P˂0.05) on all parameters, except for the leaf diameter which was only affected by intra-row spacing. Leaf number per plant was significantly affected by interaction of variety and intra-row spacing. The highest leaf number (13.9) obtained from variety Nafis with intra-row spacing of 13 cm. In general, leaf number per plant, leaf length, plant height and leaf diameter were higher at wider intra-row spacing (13 cm). Nafis variety was superior in terms of leaf number per plant (13.9), bulb diameter (5.67 cm), average bulb weight (74.50 g), marketable yield (36.26 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (36.28 t ha-1). Onion plant grown at closer intra-row spacing (7 cm) showed very promising result for average bulb weight, marketable yield and total tuber yield. Moreover, the closest intra-row spacing (7 cm) gave higher marketable and total bulb yield than the wider intra-row spacing. Thus, growers in the study area can be benefited from closer intra-row spacing, however, it is paramount important to test the feasibility of the other closest intra-row spacing e.g., 6 cm and 4 cm.

Impact of ICT facility on Student's Academic Performance in Jimma University, Ethiopia

In the present age, information and communication technology (ICT) plays a central role in the development of modern economies and societies by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 1 . Today’s students integrate technology into all aspects of their lives for multiple purposes particularly learning, socializing, entertaining and shopping Asselin, Moayeri as well as doing homework 2 . This research has been conducted on the impact of ICT facility on student’s academic performance in Jimma University College of Natural Sciences in 2009. The aim of this study was to find out the difference between the uses and non-use of ICT and find out the existing gaps in their academic performance. Cross-sectional survey method was used and from the total population of 1155, by using simple random sampling the researcher reduced to 230 and did the study. The researcher used different methods of data collection like observation, questionnaire and interview. The researcher interviewed 21 respondents and questionnaires were distributed to 209, wherein 184 (88%) have responded. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and MS Excel. The result of the study indicated that most students have searching skills, they have very good satisfaction with preparing power points, searching materials and search sample question papers by using ICT. Based on the findings most of the students were using the computer as sources of ICT services and the accessibility to the internet was good. The researcher recommended the ICT center, accessibility and usability of ICT must increase with more number of professionals to teach the students for better accessing and searching.

Knowledge, Practice and Associated Factors of Breast Self Examination Among Female Students of the College of Public Health and Medical Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia

Back ground: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in many parts of the world. Facilities for screening and early detection are extremely limited in resource limited countries like Ethiopia, yet early diagnosis improves survival. Breast self-examination can help to detect it at an early stage. Our study examined the knowledge, practice and associated factors of Breast Self examination (BSE). Methods and materials: cross sectional study design was conducted among 200 female Medical, Health officer, Nursing and Midwifery students in Jimma University College of public health and medical science. Samples were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Pre-tested, structured, and self administered survey questionnaire abstracted and adapted from relevant literatures used to collect the required information. Analysis was done using chi-square test to assess the association between the dependent and independent variables and logistic regression to determine the effect of exposure variables on the outcome variables, using SPSS version 16:0 software. Result: The majority (89%; 95% CI= 84.7-93.3%) of participant students had good knowledge about Breast self examination but, only 42 (21%) practice it correctly. After adjusting for potential socio-demographic confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed: compared to rural residents, urban residents were more than 4 times (AOR=4.19; 95% CI=1.63, 10.77; P=0.003); clinical year students compared to their pre-clinical counterparts were more than 5 times (AOR=5.34; 95% CI=1.70, 16.75; P=0.004) more likely to have good knowledge about SBE. Similarly clinical year students were more than 7 times (AOR= 7.24, 95% CI=3.85, 13.59, P <0.001) more likely to practice SBE than pre-clinical students. Conclusion:: The majority of students had good knowledge about Breast Self Examination but only few practice it correctly, while more than 50% never practiced it at all. Awareness creation campaign on BSE among young female students should be done at Reproductive Health Service clinics of the university.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RATES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANINC FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) IN JIMMA ARE, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA

The experiment was conducted under field condition at Jimma University College of Agricultures and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) to determine the Effects of Different Rate of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosumL).The experiment design used was randomized complete block design(RCBD). The experimental treatments were replicated three times. A Potato cultivar ‘Jalene’ was grown combined with Farmyard manure and nitrogen (F0N0), (F20N70), (F0N35),(F0N70), (F20N35), (F20N0) as a treatment.. Data were recorded on Potato leaf area, plant height, leaf length, leaf number, leaf diameter, stem diameter and stem number. The result revealed that the combination of various level of Farmyard manure and nitrogen statistically (p≤0.05) affected leaf area, plant height, leaf length, leaf number, leaf diameter, stem diameter and stem number. The maximum values for leaf area, plant height, leaf length, leaf number, leaf diameter, stem diameter and stem number were recorded from (F0N70, F20N70, F0N70, F20N35, F20N0, F20N70, F20N0) respectively .However The minimum values of all the parameters were recorded from the control treatment (F0 N0). From the study it could be concluded that Potato yield components were greatly affected by different rates of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The appropriate amount of different rates of fertilizers (farmyard manure and nitrogen) should be used to increase Potato growth and yield.