Anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic extracts from two Jatropha species against monogenean gill parasites and hematological and histopathological effects on Piaractus brachypomus.

Medicinal plants and their phytocompounds are valuable shortcuts for discovering new, safer biologically active compounds or herbal medicines with reduced adverse effects. In this study, medicinal plant species were initially selected from Brazilian traditional medicine using a database of in silico and in vitro studies. A virtual screening study was carried out with a phytochemical database previously reported in the literature. The biological activity was evaluated in silico by PASS Online and molecular docking, then validated by in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori assay. The chemical profile of the species was obtained by ESI(±)FT-ICR MS and LC-MS-DAD analysis. Vernonia condensata, Bauhinia forficata, Jatropha gossypiifolia, and Sonalum paniculatum were selected based on a survey of the literature for use of gastric diseases and anti-Helicobacter pylori potential. After PASS analysis, Jatropha gossypiifolia was selected for in vitro study because its compounds showed anti-H. pylori activity potential, inhibiting fumarate reductase enzyme. J. gossypiifolia extracted showed MIC of 64 µg/mL and MBC of 128 µg/mL in the in vitro anti-H. pylori assay. ESI(±)FT-ICR MS and LC-MS-DAD analysis showed compounds such as luteolin (1: ), isovitexin (2: ), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (3: ), isoorientin (4: ), and 3-genistein-8-C-glucoside (5: ). Molecular docking analysis showed a potential interaction of compounds in the enzyme active site such as hydrogen bonds with Arg404 and a similar interaction to fumaric acid, except for isoorientin (4: ). J. gossypiifolia showed promising activity and may represent a future alternative to treat H. pylori infections and their deleterious effects, reinforcing the therapeutic potential of this plant.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of n-hexane extract of Jatropha gossypifolia on isoniazid-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate, alongside kidney tissue antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), were assessed using standard methods. The study utilized a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 25 rats (200 g–300 g) divided into five groups. Groups 1 (normal control) and 2 (positive control) received distilled water, while groups 3, 4, and 5 were pretreated with 200 mg/kg Jatropha gossypifolia extract, 400 mg/kg extract, and 200 mg/kg vitamin E, respectively. After daily pretreatment for 21 days, 50 mg/kg of isoniazid was administered to groups 2–5 to induce kidney damage. All treatments were administered orally. On day 21, the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia, and blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for analysis. Results indicated that isoniazid significantly (p<0.05) increased serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, and MDA levels, while SOD, CAT, GSH, and bicarbonate activities were significantly (p<0.05) reduced compared to the normal control. However, Jatropha gossypifolia treatment (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) significantly enhanced antioxidant activities and bicarbonate levels while reducing serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, and MDA levels. These findings suggest that Jatropha gossypifolia contains antioxidant compounds that may protect against isoniazid-induced kidney damage.

The application of Jatropha gossypiifolia for the remediation of impacted soils within the Niger Delta Zone of Nigeria was examined in this work. During the study, seeds of J. gossypiifolia were cultivated on different soils impacted with wastes from municipal dumpsite, automobile and, electronic workshops, and paint industry in Akwa Ibom State. Two kilograms each of the impacted soils in polyethene bags were amended with 20.0 mLday-1 of mixed citric and ethylene diamine tetraacetatic acids. Plants and soil samples before and after remediation were assessed for the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb. The concentrations (mg kg-1) of metals in the impacted soils before remediation process were Cd (3.00±0.82), Cu (23.85±3.31), Ni (11.39±2.08), and Pb (36.10±2.27), respectively. Levels of the metals phytoextracted were 2.27±0.67 mg kg-1, 2.51±3.27 mg kg-1, 10.17±2.29 mg kg-1, and 34.81±2.37 mg kg-1 for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb, respectively. However, the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb (mg kg-1) were reduced to 0.68±0.18, 1.28±0.27, 1.19±0.25, and 1.14±0.13, correspondingly in soil after remediation. Higher values of all the environmental models were recorded for the metals during the pre than the post-remediation periods. The estimated daily exposure rates, non-carcinogenic and cancer risks for the adults and children were higher during the pre than the post remediation regimes however; the children class was more disposed to these hazards. The results revealed that the remediation of impacted soils by plants could sustain the soil environment and human life within the studied Region.

Dual effect of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. extract in HIV-1 infection and latent virus reactivation through PKC pathway

Phytoremediation is a popular technique used for the reduction of toxic substances from impacted soils; however, the influence of soil properties on the process has not been given sufficient attention. This study examined the influence of soil properties and metal interactions on phytoremediation of impacted soils by Jatropha gossypiifolia. Seeds of J. gossypiifolia were cultivated on soils impacted by wastes from dumpsite, paint industry, automobile and electronic shops in polythene pots. These soils were amended with mixed citric and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids chelants after six weeks; soils without amendment with chelants were used as the control. After twelve weeks, the cultivated J. gossypiifolia were harvested from both amended soil and control, treated, and analysed for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents. The mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in plants from the control soils were 3.00 ± 0.82, 23.85 ± 3.31, 36.10 ± 2.27, and 21.13 ± 2.31, respectively. In the plants from the amended soils, the mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 0.73 ± 0.18, 1.33 ± 0.27, 1.29 ± 0.16, and 1.28 ± 0.55, respectively. Dumpsite soil had higher concentrations of the metals and most of the soil properties which resulted in a more efficient phytoextraction of metals from the soil. Correlation analysis revealed that soil properties and metal interactions can influence the phytoremediation process.

Although modern contraceptive practices are actively advocated, many individuals continue to rely on traditional medicines for contraception due to their perceived safety. The open-ended questionnaire used in this study sought to gain insights into contraceptive practices from traditional providers’ perspectives. Herb sellers and herbal practitioners from four yoruba-speaking states in Nigeria—Kwara, Lagos, Oyo, and Osun—were interviewed. Data from questionnaires were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative analysis was done using the informant consensus factor (ICF) and relative frequency of citation (RFC) indices. A total of 31 species were recorded across the study areas. Kwara had the highest diversity, with 20 plant species, followed by Lagos (16), Oyo (10) and Osun (4). The ICF value recorded across the study areas was 0.7, with the most frequently cited species for female and male contraception varying by location. Carica papaya had RFC values of 0.58 in Oyo and 0.44 in Osun, while Mucuna pruriens recorded 0.30 in Lagos and Jatropha gossypiifolia had 0.27 in Kwara. The plant species were mostly prepared in combination forms, with seeds and leaves being the most used parts. These were administered as herbal contraceptive decoctions, powders, or worn as contraceptive rings or waist beads. A statistically significant difference existed between the plant form, the education level of participants, and having patients seeking contraception. In conclusion, this survey underscores the diverse range of medicinal plant species used for contraception. Further research is essential to validate their efficacy and understand the mechanisms of herbal contraceptives.

Abstract This study explored the application of environmentally friendly ecoprinting technique on lantung bark (Ficus variegata). Three types of leaves as the motif materials, i.e. teak leaves (Tectona grandis), castor bean leaves (Ricinus communis), and red jatropha leaves (Jatropha gossypiifolia) were utilized. Whereas mordants of alum and ferrous sulphate were used as the fixation agents. In this work, ecoprint of pounding technique was applied to produce unique and durable leaf motifs. The ecoprint quality was characterised by the colour fastness to sunlight, tensile strength and elongation, as well as functional groups of ecoprinted lantung bark. The result showed that teak leaves provided excellent colour fastness to sunlight for both types of fixation agents. Furthermore, for all leaves used, ferrous sulphate appeared to provide better colour fastness to sunlight compared to alum. The results also showed that red jatropha leaves with ferrous sulphate mordant produced the highest tensile strengths and elongation of around 179 MPa and 9.96%, respectively. This shows that the selection of fixation agents dan leaf type greatly affects the quality of ecoprinted lantung bark. The FTIR analysis indicated that ferrous sulphate achieved superior fixation with tannin-rich teak leaves, producing stable and intense colours due to strong Fe-O, C=O, and C=C bonding. In contrast, alum was more effective for hydroxyl interactions, resulting in stable yet lighter colours. These findings highlighted the potential use of natural materials and traditional techniques to produce eco-friendly textile products with acceptable durability and aesthetic qualities. The study contributed to the broader understanding of sustainable practices in the textile industry, promoting the application of natural dyes and low-impact processing methods.

This study was conducted to assess the phytochemical, antistaphylococcal and antioxidant properties of the leaf and stem bark of Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia. Ethanolic extract of the leaf and stem bark of Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia was obtained using standard methods. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical properties of theJatropha plant was assessed using standard methods. Antistaphylococcal and minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts were assessed against Staphylococcal aureus obtained from different sources using agar diffusion method. Ferrous ion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the extracts were also determined using standard methods. Quantitative phytochemical screening revealed that the distribution of phytochemicals in the two Jatropha species do not follow a regular trend. However, saponin was highest in Jatropha curcas stem bark (35.64 mg/g) while Jatropha gossypifolia stem bark and leaf have the highest flavonoid (31.35 mg/g) and alkaloids (23.20 mg/g) respectively. The antistaphylococcal effect of the combined extract was higher and significantly different (P≤0.05) than when used singly. The highest antistaphylococcal effect (19.83mm) was recorded for the combination of Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia leaf (JCL and JGL) against Staphylococcus aureus obtained from blood. Antioxidant assay of extracts revealed a concentration dependent effect. The antioxidant activities of the extracts vary from one extract to the other. The results obtained from this study indicates that bioactive compounds present in Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia can be exploited as source of effective antistaphylococcal and antioxidant compounds.

The study investigated the corrosion inhibition properties of Jatropha gossypifolia extract in 0.5 M HCl solution on galvanised steel with a view to understanding the reaction mechanisms as well as kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption step in the corrosion reaction. The experimental investigation was conducted using weight-loss, gasometric techniques and Polarization curves. The surface morphology of the exposed steel was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results of this study revealed that the acidic medium increased the corrosion rate of galvanised steel. It was deduced that the adsorption of Jatropha gossypifolia extract on galvanised steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The negative value of Standard Change in Gibbs Free Energy of adsorption () showed that the reaction was thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous. Data obtained from weight loss and polarisation measurements show that Jatropha gossypifolia extract has fairly good inhibiting properties for galvanized steel corrosion in acidic medium, with inhibition efficiency of 89% at optimum concentration of 0.4 g/L. Addition of the extract to corrosive medium reduces current densities at both cathode and anode of the electrochemical cell thereby act as a mixed inhibitor. The SEM images confirmed that galvanised steel corroded in acidic environment and Jatropha gossypifolia extract inhibited the rate of corrosion in galvanised steel in 0.5 M HCl solution. All the studied techniques revealed that galvanised steel could corrode in 0.5 M HCl and that corrosion progress could be in hindered by adding Jatropha gossypifolia extract as an inhibitor.

Cutibacterium acnes is a bacterium that can cause inflammation of the skin tissue and lead to acne. Inhibitory activity treatment can be carried out using natural compounds unique to Indonesia as a tropical country, namely Pometia pinnata stem bark and red Jatropha gossypifolia leaves. Pometia pinnata stem bark and red Jatropha gossypifolia leaves are known to have the potential for antibacterial activity. This study aims to combine the two plants as anti-bacterial agents against Cutibacterium acnes and as antioxidants. The method used in this study was maceration, employing ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents for antibacterial and antioxidant activity tests, specifically paper disc diffusion and DPPH assays. The results showed that J. gossypifolia and Pometia pinnata leaf extracts contain flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and tannins. The antibacterial activity of a mixture of ethanol extracts from J. gossypifolia and Pometia pinnata leaves against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria was strong, categorized at a concentration of 25%. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the antioxidant capacity between the mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The antioxidant capacity value was approximately 53% AEAC at a concentration of 500 ppm.

This study looked at the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. floral extracts. Broth dilution determined the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC). MOE software was utilised to perform molecular docking against some biofilm-forming proteins. The extracts and the major compound (vitexin) showed different degrees of activity against strains of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and S. mutants but had moderate activity against P. aeruginosa. The diameters of the clear zones surrounding the wells ranged from 12.0 ± 1.0 to 25.0 ± 1.0 mm. Methanolic extracts were higher in antibacterial activity than the methylene chloride extract. The MIC values of the extracts ranged from 12.5 to 200 mg/mL. The extract’s MBC values ranged from 50 to >400 mg/mL. The Vitexin exerted significant biofilm attenuation against the S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa biofilm, with maximum activity measured at 78, 156, and 525 mg/mL doses, respectively. Docking results revealed that vitexin fitted well in the active sites of these proteins forming stable complexes with significant binding scores. Interestingly, both the glycoside and flavone moieties of vitexin were highly involved in the binding with the three examined proteins via making a network of hydrogen bond interactions and non-polar interactions.

ABSTRACT: A collection of fascinating communities known as endophytic fungus (EF) inhabit the intracellular and intercellular gaps of host tissues, providing advantages to both the host and endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi (EFs) are one of the endophytes that have garnered the most scientific attention due to their ability to produce biostimulants for the production of essential oils as well as new chemicals, antibacterial and antifungal substances, antioxidants, and anti-carcinogenic molecules. Natural compounds that are used to treat a wide range of illnesses can be found in medicinal plants in large quantities, which makes them a valuable resource for the discovery of novel drugs. Since endophytic microbes can produce a wide range of secondary metabolites from their hosts, including those with important biological activities, the interaction between them and host plants has been intensively explored. The hunt for new bioactive substances that may be isolated from fungal endophytes is one of the primary objectives of current biotechnology advancements. After being isolated from 51 samples of ten distinct plants, 133 fungi—both strains and identical ones—were then examined for antibacterial activity. In the present study, ascomycetes, which include Candida, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Neurospora, among others, made up the majority of the fungi were isolated from various indigenous medicinal plants such as Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jatropha (Jatropha gossypiifolia), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus teriticornis), Geloy (Tinaspora cordifolia), Chinease wisteria, Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Moringa (Moringa oleifera) and Ashoka (Saraca asoca). Among the isolated fungal strains molds, such as Rhizopus, Mucor, and Rhizomucor, were also present. The most common types of plants in this area include Aspergillus species, Alternaria species, Pencililum species, Fusarium species, and Verticillum species. Aspergillus spp. is the most abundant fungi found in all the samples. The objective of this investigation was to isolate the endophytic fungi from the various medicinal plants' roots, barks, and leaves which were later evaluated for antimicrobial activity.

This study examined the effects of fresh crude extract from 215 plants on the mortality rate of third-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti after a 24-hour exposure. Twenty five plants demonstrated a high mortality rate (up to 80%) at five different concentrations. The LC50, LC90, and LC95 values of the tested plants showed that 15 plants were with 100% larvicidal potential. Stemona tuberosa showed the highest efficacy against Aedes larvae having LC50 = 3.78, LC90 = 7.51, and LC95 = 7.97, while Jatropha gossypifolia showed the lowest efficacy i.e., LC50 = 6.58, LC90 =11.23, and LC95 = 11.31. The extracts from Acmella radicans, Allium sativum, and Oxalis violacea exhibited a similar LC50 value of 3.99, indicating their high potency. Hence, the tested plants are a potential source of bioactive compounds that may work as a potential alternative to chemical mosquito larvicides. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(1): 54-60, 2025 (March)

Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,” is a medicinal plant largely used throughout Africa and America. Several human and veterinary uses in traditional medicine are described for different parts and preparations based on this plant. The protective potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum against gentamicin induced biochemical injury in Wistar albino rats were evaluated using serum biochemical parameters. Twenty-five male albino rats were divided randomly into five groups A to E. Groups C and D received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves extract respectively. Groups A and B were fed with chow (normal and positive controls) while Group E received 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C. Biochemical injury was induced in rats in groups B-E with gentamicin (i.p) at the dose of 80 mg/kg body weight on the 16th day of study. The rats were then fasted for 48 h and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Serum was collected for biochemical analysis using standard methods and analytical biochemical kits. There was a significant increase in the serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP of the rats administered with gentamicin (Group B - positive control) compared to the Group A- normal control. However, treatment of rats with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of ethanol leaf extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia L significantly decrease these biochemical parameters compared to Group B (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in the serum levels of conjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin in Group B compared to the normal control. Rat pre-treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of extract showed significant decrease in the conjugated and total bilirubin compared to the non-treated rats in Group B (p <0.05). Serum level of urea and creatinine significantly increased in Group B compared to normal control. Rats in groups C and D pre-treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of extract showed significant decrease in the levels of urea and creatinine compared to Group B (p <0.05). There was significant decrease in the serum levels of albumin and total protein of the rats administered with gentamicin compared to the normal control. Rats pre-treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of extract showed significant increase compared rats in non-treated Group B (p <0.05). The results obtained from this study shows that the ethanolic leaf extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia L has protective functions against gentamicin-induced hepatic and nephrotic damage in Wistar albino rats.

While many methods exist for measuring the impact of AIDS, treatment remedy the human development approach focuses on people rather than medical or economic indicators. Human Development Index captures three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life—measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge—measured by adult literacy and school enrolment; and standard of living—measured by per capita gross domestic product. Thus, investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy administered rats. Liver is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. It performs many activities that are critical for survival. Due to its important activities, the liver is exposed to a number of insults and is one of the body's organs most subject to injury. In spite of tremendous advances in modern medicine, there are hardly any reliable drugs that protect the liver from damage and/or help in regeneration of hepatic cell. It is, therefore, necessary to search for effective and safe herbal drugs for the treatment of liver disease to replace currently used drugs of doubtful efficacy and safety. Hence, the need to evaluate the aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy (Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Efavirenz) administered rats. Sixty rats weighed between 150-200g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of ten rats. Rats in group I were administered with distilled water. Rats in group II were administered with highly active antiretroviral therapy only. Rats in groups III - VI were administered 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg Jatropha gossypiifolia seed plus highly active antiretroviral therapy respectively. The treatments were given orally for 28 consecutive days. On the 29th day, all rats were sacrificed under light diethyl ether anaesthesia; blood samples were collected for the assessment of biochemical parameters, while Serum levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were significantly (p<0.05) increased and albumin concentration was significantly decreased in animals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy as compared to the normal control. Treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapy exposed animals with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed showed marked improvement in biochemical findings. Rise in liver enzymes was almost restored to normal in animals treated with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed. Jatropha gossypiifolia seed through its antioxidant activity effectively protects highly active antiretroviral therapy induced liver toxicity.

While many methods exist for measuring the impact of AIDS, treatment remedy the human development approach focuses on people rather than medical or economic indicators. Human Development Index captures three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life—measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge—measured by adult literacy and school enrolment; and standard of living—measured by per capita gross domestic product. Thus, investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy administered rats. Liver is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. It performs many activities that are critical for survival. Due to its important activities, the liver is exposed to a number of insults and is one of the body's organs most subject to injury. In spite of tremendous advances in modern medicine, there are hardly any reliable drugs that protect the liver from damage and/or help in regeneration of hepatic cell. It is, therefore, necessary to search for effective and safe herbal drugs for the treatment of liver disease to replace currently used drugs of doubtful efficacy and safety. Hence, the need to evaluate the aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy (Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Efavirenz) administered rats. Sixty rats weighed between 150-200g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of ten rats. Rats in group I were administered with distilled water. Rats in group II were administered with highly active antiretroviral therapy only. Rats in groups III - VI were administered 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg Jatropha gossypiifolia seed plus highly active antiretroviral therapy respectively. The treatments were given orally for 28 consecutive days. On the 29th day, all rats were sacrificed under light diethyl ether anaesthesia; blood samples were collected for the assessment of biochemical parameters, while Serum levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were significantly (p<0.05) increased and albumin concentration was significantly decreased in animals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy as compared to the normal control. Treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapy exposed animals with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed showed marked improvement in biochemical findings. Rise in liver enzymes was almost restored to normal in animals treated with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed. Jatropha gossypiifolia seed through its antioxidant activity effectively protects highly active antiretroviral therapy induced liver toxicity.

Abstract. Solfiyeni, Nurmalasari A. 2025. Density and distribution mapping of invasive plant Jatropha gossypiifolia in priority savanna of Bama Resort, Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 255-264. Jatropha gossypiifolia (Bellyache bush) is one of the invasive alien plant species in the savanna of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. The invasiveness of J. gossypiifolia is the main focus of this study because this species has the potential to have a significant and far-reaching impact on the stability of the savanna ecosystem in Baluran National Park. This study aims to determine the density, distribution pattern, and distribution area of J. gossypiifolia and to analyze environmental factors that affect its presence in the savanna of Bama Resort, Baluran National Park. The survey method for distribution mapping and a single plot method to determine density and distribution pattern. Meanwhile, to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and plant density of J. gossypiifolia, Canonical Component Analysis (CCA) was used. The results showed that the density of J. gossypiifolia plants in the observation area of 400 m2 was 1.94 individuals/m2 or estimated in hectares around 19,400 individuals/ha and this plant was found growing in 15 sub-plots out of a total of 16 sub-plots observed in the field. The distribution pattern of J. gossypiifolia plants in the observation area is clustered with a Morisita Index value of 1.48. Furthermore, it is known that the distribution area of J. gossypiifolia plants in the priority savanna of Bama Resort is around 25 hectares of the total savanna area of Bama Resort of around 512 hectares. The existence of J. gossypiifolia plants is strongly influenced by the high and low light intensity. Jatropha gossypiifolia plants have spread quite widely in the priority savanna of Bama Resort, Baluran National Park. This plant is most commonly found growing in savannas close to the road, so it is necessary to routinely monitor each savanna as an effort to manage invasive alien plants in the savannas of Baluran National Park.

The present study aimed to isolate and evaluate bioactive compounds from Jatropha gossypiifolia through a series of extraction, fractionation, and chromatographic techniques. Various extraction methods followed by multiple liquid-liquid partitioning and compound isolation using preparative and column chromatography were employed. Phytochemical screening of the fractions revealed the presence of phytosterols, copper acetate, alkaloids, and proteins. A compound isolated from the chloroform fraction was further characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (^1H NMR) spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, which exhibited 37.50% scavenging activity, whereas the standard ascorbic acid showed 97.92%. Additionally, cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line, where the petroleum ether fraction demonstrated significant activity with 10 µg/mL concentration resulting in reduced cell viability. These findings indicate that Jatropha gossypiifolia possesses potent antioxidant and anticancer compounds, highlighting its potential in pharmaceutical applications.

ABSTRACT Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and spread of abnormal cells. Among the commonly used antineoplastic treatments, chemotherapy is one of the most frequent. In searching for new antineoplastic drugs, finding more effective and selective drugs becomes increasingly necessary. Analysis by phenotypic screening can identify promising compounds in cancer chemotherapy. In this work, hydroalcoholic extracts of Plumbago auriculata Lam., Plumbago scandens L., Cestrum axillare Vell., Jatropha gossypiifolia L. and Jatropha multifida L. were screened for cytotoxic effect by MTT on glioblastoma (U-87 MG), colorectal carcinoma (RKO-AS45-1) and lung epithelial cell (WI-26 VA4) cell lines. After exposure to the extracts for 24, 48, and 72 hours, the extract of P. scandens exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in all cell lines. The extracts of the other plant species could not reduce cell survival to less than 50% at any cell line at the concentrations and exposure times. In conclusion, hydroalcoholic extract of P. scandens was highly cytotoxic to tumor cells, making it a promising tool in cancer chemotherapy. Further studies are needed to explore the isolated compounds as cancer chemotherapeutic agents.