Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on brain morphological changes: A comprehensive approach combining voxel-based morphometry and deep learning.

Enhancing large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge base retrieval in the fashion manufacturing industry can provide more reliable technical support and decision-making assistance, significantly improving process control and boosting intelligent production efficiency. However, the field of fashion manufacturing involves highly specialized terminology, logically complex technical knowledge, and intricate query tasks. Existing simple query-matching techniques often return a large number of contextually loose and redundant document chunks, severely impacting the model's understanding and response quality. To address this issue, this article proposes a retrieval optimization framework based on a dynamic capsule routing network with embedded semantic graph (SGDCR), which models semantic relations among multiple retrieved documents by simulating a team collaboration mechanism. Specifically, the framework consists of two steps: filtering and reranking. First, a capsule routing mechanism embedded in a semantic association graph dynamically captures complex contextual relationships among coarse-grained document blocks, learns contribution scores for multiple documents, and filters irrelevant or redundant documents based on ranking. Subsequently, the filtered documents are matched with the query through deep semantic similarity measurement, and the documents are reranked by integrating relevance scores and contribution scores and generating efficient, accurate, and contextually coherent document prompts. Experimental results on publicly available dense open-domain QA datasets and a constructed fashion manufacturing process QA dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method over existing reranking approaches in the fashion manufacturing knowledge QA system.

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) emerged from the growing need for companies to oversee their products throughout their entire lifecycle—from design and production to usage, and even disposal. This responsibility includes managing product data, regardless of whether the product remains within the company, is in use by customers, or has reached the end of its life in a landfill. PLM systems aim to centralize and allow editing of all product-related data across departments and stages. However, integrating such comprehensive tools into industrial environments is often challenging. The diversity of professional roles each with distinct cultures, expertise, and technical languages complicates seamless adoption and efficient use of PLM systems. To address this challenge, Digital Adoption Platforms (DAPs) have emerged as complementary tools. DAPs are software layers that integrate with existing applications to guide users through processes via step-by-step tutorials, contextual tooltips, and input suggestions. While DAPs have proven effective in many enterprise software domains by easing onboarding and increasing productivity, their use within PLM systems remains limited and under-researched. Particularly, there is a lack of data on how DAPs affect the usability of complex PLM systems and whether they offer tangible improvements for novice users. This study aims to evaluate the usability of PLM systems enhanced by DAPs. By analyzing the user experience and measuring performance, the research seeks to determine whether DAP assistance leads to better adoption, reduced training time, and improved user satisfaction. The findings will also help identify the underlying reasons behind any observed benefits or limitations.

Is bioethics a discipline? This question has accompanied the field since its emergence, revealing persistent tensions about what defines a discipline and what bioethics is expected to achieve. This article revisits the debate through the lens of conceptual analysis. While engaging critically with Bjørn Hofmann's argument-representative of a narrow, method-focused view of disciplinarity-we propose a broader and more dynamic account. In the pars destruens, we show that Hofmann's criteria rely on an overly restrictive conception of disciplines, one that is inconsistent with current practices. In the pars construens, we adopt Krishnan's comprehensive framework to demonstrate how bioethics meets six core elements of disciplinarity: a particular object of research, a body of specialized knowledge, structuring theories and concepts, shared terminology and technical language, specific research methods, and institutional manifestations. We argue that bioethics' pluralism and normative orientation are not signs of epistemic immaturity, but appropriate responses to the complexity of its subject matter. Rather than undermining its status, these features affirm bioethics as a discipline in its own right-one that bridges philosophical reflection and practical engagement in contemporary medicine and healthcare.

This work focuses on the so-called MI VIDA PROJECT, developed by the Cinematheque of Andalusia since 1990 in a first phase and redesigned in 2016, which is still in effect today, centered on the recovery, cataloging, and digitization of home films made in this autonomous community. With clear language free of technical jargon, it explains what a family and amateur film is, the characteristics that make up this type of cinema, its historical origins, and subsequent development. It discusses the work of the Cinematheque of Andalusia in this area since it has access to the film material, its subsequent processing, and completion. The dissemination it carries out with this material, with concrete examples, and its impact on the media. The importance of this as an archival and study resource of the shared history of the Andalusians over the last hundred years, the evolution of society, customs, landscapes, cities, cultural events, and everyday life. familiar. The private core from which these recordings arise and transcends from that sphere to reach the general public. Filming with numerous formal and structural defects that stem from their spontaneity, freshness, and freedom, characteristics that define it. Ultimately, it poses a series of challenges and obstacles that this institution faces in order to move forward, including technical, material, and human aspects. The growing need for specialization and the demands placed on all personnel, combined with the different access possibilities available to the public through the multiple distribution channels that currently exist.

Purpose: This study aims to examine how oil and gas terminology is presented in explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language. This study seeks to understand how these dictionaries define, simplify, and standardize technical terms within the general language system. Research Methodology: This study used a qualitative lexical analysis of printed and digital Uzbek explanatory dictionaries. A descriptive and comparative approach was applied to examine the definitions, meanings, polysemy, stylistic features, and normative aspects of oil and gas terms through document and textual reviews. Results: The findings show that explanatory dictionaries present oil and gas terms in a simplified and generalized way. Although they provide normative and lexical meanings, they often do not fully reflect the scientific and technical depth of the terms. The analysis also revealed the presence of polysemy, stylistic neutrality, and the integration of oil and gas terminology into the broader general language system. Conclusions: This study concludes that explanatory dictionaries play an important normative role in standardizing oil and gas terminology in the Uzbek language. However, their definitions are limited in representing the full scientific and technical complexity of specialized terminology. Limitations: This study is limited to explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language and does not include encyclopedic dictionaries or specialized technical glossaries for comparison. Contributions: This study contributes to lexicography, terminology studies, and applied linguistics. It is useful for linguists, lexicographers, oil and gas specialists, and language planners interested in the development and standardization of technical terminology in Uzbek and other languages.

As the maritime industry shifts toward increased automation and the implementation of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), the role of seafarers is undergoing a critical transformation. This study investigates the dual impact of digital tools namely the MARENG Maritime English learning software and the Wysa AI mental health application on enhancing both the technical language proficiency and psychological well-being of marine cadets. Using a quasi-experimental mixed-method design, 120 cadets were divided into experimental and control groups over a six-week intervention period. Quantitative data from Maritime English Assessment Tests (MEAT) and DASS-21 psychological scales revealed significant improvements in the experimental group’s communication skills and mental health scores. Correlation analysis further showed that reduced stress levels positively influenced language performance. Qualitative insights from focus group discussions affirmed that cadets using digital tools experienced heightened confidence, emotional regulation, and learning autonomy. These findings support a holistic, technology-integrated approach to maritime education that aligns with the evolving demands of autonomous shipping and human-centered digital resilience.

English is the dominant language in medical education and research, but postgraduate residents in non-English-speaking countries often face challenges in mastering technical terminology, particularly in Regional Anatomy. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and December of 2021, to explore postgraduate medical residents’ experiences with English terminology in Regional Anatomy within the Bangladeshi medical education system. Data was collected from postgraduate residents through a structured English language test and questionnaire. Most participants (98.3%) studied in Bangla-medium schools, and only 1.7% had prior English-medium education. Two-thirds (76.3%) agreed that English proficiency is essential for success in Anatomy, yet only 51.7% supported English as the sole medium of instruction. Reading was the top priority skill (78.3%), with textbooks (81.7%) as the preferred material. Histology was the most difficult subdivision due to English (45%), while Embryology was more difficult for undergraduates (32.2%). Reading difficulties were reported by 46.7%, and summarizing difficulties by 40%. Vocabulary was the most challenging aspect (35%), and residents mainly relied on teachers (65%) and online sources (46.3%) for support. Self-assessment showed reading as the strongest skill (mean 3.7±0.6), while speaking was weakest (mean 3.0±0.5). Most of them (82.4%) strongly supported English-in-Anatomy guidelines, prioritizing speaking (46.7%) and academic vocabulary (53.3%). Postgraduate residents face persistent challenges with English in Regional Anatomy, particularly in vocabulary and speaking, highlighting the need for targeted language support and discipline-specific guidelines. CBMJ 2026 January: vol. 15 no. 01 P:240-248

Abstract Legal information in India is often complex and inaccessible to the general public due to technical language and limited legal awareness. This paper presents Legal Advisor Pro, an AI-powered legal assistance system designed to simplify and democratize access to provisions of the Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS 2023). The system leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques, including semantic search and text classification, to interpret user queries expressed in natural language and map them to relevant legal sections, offenses, and procedural guidance. Developed using Python and deployed through a Streamlit-based web interface, the application ensures usability, scalability, and minimal hardware requirements. The system supports multilingual input, enabling wider adoption across diverse user groups. Emphasis is placed on ethical compliance by providing informational assistance without offering definitive legal advice. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system improves legal information retrieval accuracy and user understanding when compared to traditional keyword-based search methods. Legal Advisor Pro highlights the potential of AI-driven LegalTech solutions in bridging the gap between complex legal frameworks and common citizens. Keywords: - Artificial Intelligence; LegalTech; Natural Language Processing (NLP); Indian Penal Code (IPC); Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS); Semantic Search; Machine Learning; AI Legal Assistant; Legal Information Retrieval

Reliability and readability of online patient information for contact lens wearers.

The aim of this study was to develop an educational video introducing an innovative panel survey approach to facilitate guideline panels in making inferences about patient values and preferences. A user testing of the educational video through one-on-one interviews and iterative refinement of the video through brainstorming meetings. Interviews and brainstorming meetings were conducted through Zoom. The participants of the interviews include guideline panellists who had used the panel survey approach, and guideline panellists who had not used the approach but would or would not participate in a panel survey soon. The participants of the brainstorming meetings were a steering committee with expertise in guideline methodology and qualitative research. The understandability and usefulness of the educational video. We interviewed 18 guideline panellists from eight different guideline panels, all of whom carefully reviewed the video. Most participants found the video useful in explaining the panel survey approach and its role in incorporating patient values and preferences. Participants suggested improvements, including clarifying key concepts and using plain language instead of technical terminology to make the content more accessible. The major change the steering committee decided to make through brainstorming meetings was to add clarification, refine the wording and replace some text with animation. User testing resulted in an improved educational video that is more useful and understandable for guideline panellists. Wider implementation of this resource has the potential to enhance the incorporation of patient values and preferences in guideline recommendations, supporting more patient-centred decision-making.

This article aims to reflect on the multimedia work entitled “The Golden Age” by Joaquín García Monge: Texts that Jump into Sound, led by the authors of this article. The text briefly reviews the origins of “The Golden Age” and the magazine “Repertorio Americano”, and how the literatures presented there give rise, based on a specific selection, to audio texts. It addresses orality in its an- thropological and social dimensions, based on literature and its distinct ways of producing itself as culture. It explains the process of sound production of texts through voice acting and sound design. It reflects on the translation, in artistic terms, of written literature into sound through sound design as a means of rewriting. It also offers commentary on selected works, expanding on the audio cor-relation of the audio texts. Finally, it offers considerations on reading styles and the importance of studying and revaluing regional literary heritage.

An antlike observer confined to a two-dimensional surface traversed by stripes would wonder whether such a striped landscape could be devised in such a way as to appear to be the same wherever they go. Differently stated, this is the problem studied in this paper. In a more technical jargon, we determine all possible uniform nematic fields on a smooth surface. It was already known that for such a field to exist, the surface must have constant negative Gaussian curvature. Here we show that all uniform nematic fields on such a surface are parallel transported (in Levi-Civita's sense) by special systems of geodesics, which are termed uniform. We prove that, for every geodesic on the surface, there are two systems of uniform geodesics that include it; they are conventionally called right and left, to evoke handedness. We found explicitly all uniform fields for Beltrami's pseudosphere. Since both geodesics and uniformity are preserved under isometries, by a classical theorem of Minding, the solution for the pseudosphere carries over all other admissible surfaces, thus providing a general solution to the problem (at least in principle). The proved existence of surface nematic uniform fields suggests the definition of a generalized intrinsic elastic energy for fluid membranes with nematic order, which is but one of the many possible applications of our geometric result.

Computer programming is one of compulsory courses in the Applied Health Information Management Study Program at STIKes Mitra Husada Karanganyar. The computer programming course consists of Basic Programming and Web Programming. The skills gained from computer programming will greatly support the careers of graduates because medical recorders or coders are required to face an all-electronic work environment, particularly in relation to Electronic Medical Records (EMR). The digital era requires health information management graduates to not only master aspects of health information management itself but also have adequate programming skills. In addition, English language skills, especially in technical contexts (English for Specific Purposes), are crucial for accessing the latest resources, documentation, and trends in the world of global health information technology. This community service activity aimed to improve the computer programming competency of Applied Health Information Management students at STIKes Mitra Husada Karanganyar by using an innovative approach through the integration of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This issue related to the challenges usually faced by health information management students toward the understanding of complex programming concepts and technical jargon in English. This was due to a lack of mastery of English vocabulary, particularly technical terms related to programming languages and instructions that use English. Computer programming training with an innovative approach through the integration of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) for Applied Health Information Management students at STIKEs Mitra Husada Karanganyar was conducted through several methods, such as lectures, discussions, and practical exercises. This allowed students to directly apply their acquired English language skills (ESP) to computer programming commands.

Students of vocational high schools are required to write an internship report as a form of accountability for completing their industrial training. However, various language errors are still found in students’ PKL reports. This study aims to describe and analyze morphological errors in the PKL reports of vocational high school students majoring in Electronics Engineering. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using document analysis. A total of 223 PKL reports were written by all students of SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta in 2025. The research data consisted of 25 PKL reports from students of the Electronics Engineering major selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of identification, classification, description, quantification, and interpretation of morphological errors, with data validity ensured through theoretical triangulation. The results show that 286 morphological errors were identified, consisting of prefix errors (96), suffix errors (52), confix errors (41), reduplication errors (28), compound word errors (34), and base-form errors (35). Prefix errors were the most dominant type, accounting for 33.6% of all errors. These findings indicate that students still experience difficulties in applying affixation rules and forming standard words in formal written language. Such errors are influenced by interference from spoken language and the technical language used in the workplace. This study highlights the importance of structured and contextual morphology instruction to improve the quality of vocational students’ PKL report writing.

ABSTRACT Flood risk communication is a core component of flood risk management, yet persistent challenges limit its effectiveness in supporting public understanding, preparedness and adaptive behaviour. Here, we examine flood risk maps as communication tools at the interface of scientific modelling, visual design, and human risk perception. Using a narrative and scoping approach, we synthesise conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature, with particular attention to risk perception theory, framing and map design. We show that flood risk maps often fail to communicate effectively due to poor readability, technical language, inconsistent colour conventions and cognitive biases that shape interpretation and response. Although probabilistic flood maps have been developed to better represent spatial variability and uncertainty in flood risk, they are frequently misunderstood without appropriate framing and contextual support. Our review highlights the critical role of framing choices, communication channels and trust in information sources in shaping how flood risk information is interpreted and acted upon. We further show that participatory mapping can enhance local relevance, understanding and trust by incorporating lived experience, but its application is constrained by issues of scalability, institutional capacity and potential bias. We, therefore, argue that flood risk maps are most effective when embedded within broader, multi‐channel communication strategies.

MotivationAutomatic information extraction from biomedical texts requires machine learning methodology that can recognize biomedical entities, characterize inter-entity relationships, and relate extracted information to specific research topics. Large language models (LLMs) excel in general tasks but perform less reliably in the biomedical domain, where texts are characterized by extensive technical terminology and semantic variations from general literature. There is an unmet need for annotated full-text datasets that can be used to fine-tune language models for significant biomedical applications. Here, we focus on extraction of the complex relationships between genes and diseases.ResultsWe present BioTriplex, a corpus of 100 full-length biomedical research articles (comprising 604 subsection texts) manually annotated with disease names, genes, and 21 subtypes of disease–gene relationships. We employ BioTriplex to train the LLaMA 3.1 8B language model in gene–disease relation extraction. Our fine-tuned model outperforms zero-shot and few-shot approaches, both within the LLaMA 3.1 architecture and across the larger state-of-the-art LLMs GPT-4 and Claude Sonnet 3.7, and classifies gene–disease relation types with broader scope and greater granularity than previously described. These results validate BioTriplex as a useful full-text data resource and underscore the value of specialized datasets in fine-tuning language models for important biomedical tasks.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/PanagiotisFytas/BioTriplex

Abstract This paper investigates how moving the architectural design studio from its conventional physical setting to an online multi‐user virtual environment (MUVE) affects students' social dynamics. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of educational capital, habitus and field alongside Jozef Bochenski's theories of authority, the authors employed a quasi‐experimental approach with 15 architecture students who completed design tasks in a MUVE while experiencing different forms of tutor‐imparted educational capital—specifically written critiques and letter grades. Data collection through linkography, observations and retrospective interviews facilitated analysis of how authority manifests among students in this remediated environment. The findings reveal that MUVEs transform the studio's ‘field’, requiring students to adapt their established habitus while fostering new forms of educational capital tied to technical competence. Letter grades undergo devaluation in virtual environments, while written critiques gain prominence as indicators of epistemic skill. Praised students gained authority among peers and led design conversations with critical verbalisations (CVs), while in grading scenarios, low‐graded students were marginalised in high‐majority variants but not in low‐majority conditions. The gamified nature of MUVEs creates a less formal learning atmosphere that encourages experimentation and peer interaction. These subtle transformations cumulatively impact design practise, influencing students’ decision‐making processes, technical language and judgement. By examining the social implications of remediating the design studio, this research contributes to architectural pedagogy by providing insights into how virtual environments reshape not only the practical aspects of design education but also its foundational social dynamics that shape students' architectural identity.

The study examines the preferences of communication in current in Republic of Moldova. It includes some of the references to a survey conducted online in September 2025, on Romanian-speaking professionals in multinational organizations, investigating how speakers navigate between Romanian linguistic structures and international terminology. The research employs quantitative survey methodology to analyze communication preferences, motivations for borrowing, and attitudes toward linguistic adaptation. Findings reveal that more than 40% of professionals prefer moderate hybridization, with the codeswitching, maintaining Romanian structures, while incorporating English technical terminology. This change is driven primarily by “terminology gaps”, as mentioned in the survey. Some respondents declare incorporating English constructions being driven by the prestige and under the senior professionals’ influence. Workplace social networks exert stronger influence than external factors, supporting that socially accepted norms are the main change mechanisms. Domain-specific compartmentalization emerges as professionals accept hybridization professionally and transfer these linguist habits in the personal communication. Comparative analysis with Ukraine's post-2022 language shift illuminates distinct pathways: identity-driven rapid replacement versus necessity-driven stable hybridization. The study validates theoretical frameworks for digital-age contexts, demonstrating that professional language hybridization represents strategic adaptive competence rather than linguistic degradation, with implications for organizational communication policy and language education in globalized professional environments.

Despite the plethora of empirical studies on students’ translation errors, no systematic reviews (SRs) or meta analyses (MAs) have been conducted in this area. Existing reviews are largely narrative or theoretical, leaving a clear gap in synthesizing evidence on English–Arabic and Arabic–English translation errors produced by student translators. This study addresses this gap by conducting a self systematic review of the author’s empirical research published between 2000 and 2025. It aims to identify translation error types, strategies, and causes, and to map the linguistic and cognitive factors that shape students’ translation performance. A corpus of 19 studies was compiled and organized into five thematic clusters: (i) nonliteral and culturally bound expressions, (ii) scientific and technical terminology, (iii) lexical and collocational errors, (iv) grammatical and syntactic errors, and (v) human vs. AI comparative translation studies. Across these clusters, the review reveals consistent patterns in students’ translation behavior. Recurring error types include literal translation, avoidance, partial translation, transliteration, substitution by synonyms, and paraphrase. The most difficult structures for students were opaque metaphors, culture specific idioms, ibn/bint expressions, polysemes, chemical common names, complex SVO/VSO patterns, and grammatical agreement. Moderately difficult items included binomials, numeral based expressions, om/abu expressions, neologisms, and collocations, while transparent metaphors, simple kinship terms, basic plurals, and straightforward SVO/VSO sentences were comparatively easier. Error sources include limited L1 and L2 lexical knowledge, insufficient exposure to domain specific terminology, restricted cultural knowledge, inadequate collocational competence, and weak morphosyntactic competence in Arabic. Additional causes involve structural interference from English, limited ability to analyze complex source structures, and insufficient awareness of fixed expressions as holistic semantic units. Collectively, the studies highlight the need for explicit instruction in metaphorical mapping, collocational behavior, semantic disambiguation, domain specific vocabulary, scientific nomenclature, and cultural understanding. They also underscore the importance of contrastive analysis of English–Arabic structures and training in discourse level translation strategies that move beyond literal meaning. This review provides the first structured map of translation error patterns in this language pair, filling a critical gap in SR and MA research and supporting the development of more effective, data driven translator training programs in Saudi Arabia.