Japanese Cooperation Research Articles

Japanese Cooperation in Establishment of a Global Network for Water Quality via the UNEP GEMS/Water Programme

Hydrological ProcessesVolume 21, Issue 9 p. 1131-1131 Preface Japanese Cooperation in Establishment of a Global Network for Water Quality via the UNEP GEMS/Water Programme Yosuke Yamashiki, Corresponding Author Yosuke Yamashiki Editor-in-Chief for International Journal Japan Society of Hydrology & Water Resources, Global Water Resources Assessment Laboratory, Dept. Civil Engineering, CST, Nihon University, JapanJapan Society of Hydrology & Water Resources, Global Water Resources Assessment Laboratory, Dept. Civil Engineering, CST, Nihon University, Japan===Search for more papers by this authorKuraji Koichiro, Kuraji Koichiro Vice Editor-in-Chief for International Journal of JSHWR University Forest in Aichi, The University of Tokyo, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorAkira Kawamura, Akira Kawamura Editor-in-Chief Board of Japan Society of Hydrology & Water Resources, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, JapanSearch for more papers by this author Yosuke Yamashiki, Corresponding Author Yosuke Yamashiki Editor-in-Chief for International Journal Japan Society of Hydrology & Water Resources, Global Water Resources Assessment Laboratory, Dept. Civil Engineering, CST, Nihon University, JapanJapan Society of Hydrology & Water Resources, Global Water Resources Assessment Laboratory, Dept. Civil Engineering, CST, Nihon University, Japan===Search for more papers by this authorKuraji Koichiro, Kuraji Koichiro Vice Editor-in-Chief for International Journal of JSHWR University Forest in Aichi, The University of Tokyo, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorAkira Kawamura, Akira Kawamura Editor-in-Chief Board of Japan Society of Hydrology & Water Resources, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 April 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6672AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume21, Issue9Special Issue: Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resources ‐ Annual Issue VII30 April 2007Pages 1131-1131 RelatedInformation

UNEP‐GEMS/Water Programme—water quality data, GEMStat and open web services—and Japanese cooperation

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it demonstrates how monitoring stations that collect water quality data can be situated globally via satellite data from Google Earth. Important technical issues such as interoperability and Open Web Services are discussed in this context. Second, it illustrates how researchers at local levels can benefit from this global technology. The discussion draws from the online water quality database, GEMStat, which contains water quality data and sediment load calculations from around the world. These types of data, collected locally, can be shown to bear global implications through Internet technology. GEMStat has been expanded to include Open Web Services to enable interoperability with other online databases. Third, it illustrate an international framework of cooperation through GEMS/Water Japan, introducing on‐site monitoring activities as well as management of international river basin (Mekong/La Plata). Considerations for future application framework are presented in conclusion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keeping the Old While Adding the New?

Beyond Bilateralism: U.S.–Japan Relations in the New Asia–Pacific. Edited by Ellis S. Krauss, T. J. Pempel. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. 448 pp., $65.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-8047-4909-4), $27.95 paper (ISBN: 0-8047-4910-8). The central argument of Beyond Bilateralism , made in T. J. Pempel's Introduction, is that US–Japan relations have been changed fundamentally as a result of three developments: geopolitical changes resulting from the end of the Cold War system, the growth of international flows of private capital, and the proliferation and evolution of multilateral governmental organizations. Indeed, Pempel argues that the joint effects of these three developments have not only changed the relationships between the two countries, they have also transformed the forums in which they pursue and arrive at policy preferences and the implications of their bilateral relations for the Asian region and, indeed, the world as a whole. In short, what was usually thought to be a quintessentially bilateral relationship has become a far more complex, multilevel one. These themes are explored in various ways in the eleven chapters that form the substantive core of Beyond Bilateralism . These contributions look at US grand strategy in Asia (John Ikenberry), US–Japan military security relations (Christopher Hughes and Akiko Fukushima), the US–Japan alliance in light of the development of China (Mike Mochizuki), the two powers' relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Andrew MacIntyre), their role in Asian capital flows and financial markets (Natasha Hamilton-Hart), the rivalry in Asia between US and Japanese manufacturers (Walter Hatch), cooperation and competition in …

Establishment of a non‐governmental regional approach to La Plata River Basin integrated watershed management promoted throughout three international workshops supported by UN and Japanese agencies, led by ILEC

AbstractThe La Plata River Basin is one of the largest international river basins in the world, with an area of about 3 million km2. It spreads across five countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay), and its water resources are essential for their economic development. Together with reservoir development, extensive deforestation, intensive agriculture practices and large urban developments took place in the Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay basins, affecting environmental conditions and raising important issues concerning water resources use and conservation. Therefore, the need to promote participatory and cooperative efforts among water resources stakeholders, as well as the systematic exchange of information and experiences on common regional problems among organizations and experts from throughout the basin who are devoted to water resources use and management, was reported by researchers and managers gathered at the First and Second International Workshops on Regional Approaches for Reservoir Development and Management in the La Plata River Basin (held in 1991 and 1994). As a concrete response to this need, the efforts of a number of organizations from various countries within the basin, with the support of international and national governmental organizations, resulted in the foundation of La Plata River Basin Environmental Research and Management Network (RIGA) in March 2001. This was within the framework of the Third International Workshop, which was precisely one of the short‐term activities included in the RIGA Action Plan. During the preparatory processes for the RIGA Network, the presence of Japanese cooperation supporting the La Plata River Basin Workshops through a non‐governmental international organization (ILEC) played an important role in stimulating such an organization‐based joint approach in the basin. This outcome, although not originally planned, constituted a welcomed byproduct of its main specific interest in the region, which was the establishment of international sustainable management guidelines for lake and reservoir management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Japan's International Cooperation for Fisheries and Marine Resources Management

There is a growing need for cooperation for fisheries and marine resources management in developing countries to ensure sustainable fisheries. In this paper, three recent Japanese cooperation projects in Mauritania, the Philippines and Mozambique are analyzed to establish the desirable direction for future Japanese cooperation in this sector. Past experience has begun to teach us that a quantitative understanding and the future prediction of marine resources mainly by biologists alone do not necessarily produce concrete effects. As such socio-economic factors as rapid population growth, poverty, necessity to earn foreign currency and insufficient institutional arrangements lie behind the problems of fisheries resources, it is thus imperative to conduct studies led by socio-economists together with the examination of feasible guidelines for fisheries management, taking the ability of developing countries to implement the planned policies into consideration. There have not yet been many cases of Japanese cooperation for the strengthening of the institutional capacity of the recipient country and for the diversification of income sources to eradicate poverty among coastal residents.

Missile Defense and Extended Deterrence in the Japan-US Alliance

Abstract As long as the United States remains vulnerable to an attack with long-range nuclear missiles, Japanese confidence in US extended deterrence would rest on the ability of Tokyo and Washington to (1) maintain a favorable balance in conventional forces most relevant to the defense of Japan, (2) avoid provoking the potential adversary into threatening a nuclear assault against Japan and (3) fasten the bilateral relationship so as to impress the adversary about the possibility of US response with strategic nuclear weapons in case he launched such an assault. Further Japanese cooperation in the US theater missile defense (TMD) program would generally have positive effects as regards the first and third conditions above, although management of the process might be quite challenging. The impact on the second condition would be harder to judge, largely because it is difficult to predict how missile defense in East Asia might affect Chinese nuclear strategy.

A new phase in Japanese economic cooperation

The merging of the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF) and the ExportImport Bank of Japan to form the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) signals a new phase in Japanese economic cooperation. In this article, Akira Nishigaki, former president of the OECF , describes the role and significance of Japan's official development assistance and considers recent policy trends and issues. It is essential for the peace and prosperity of Japan and of the world as a whole, he says, that Japan maintain favorable relations of interdependence in the international community. In this spirit, he expresses his hope that in funding and implementing assistance the JBIC will continue to strengthen Japan's considerable contribution to the development of developing countries.

Eliminating driftnets from the North Pacific Ocean: U.S.—Japanese cooperation in the international North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 1953–1993

Japanese negotiators agreed to eliminate driftnet fishing for salmon in the North Pacific Ocean by the end of 1992. The Japanese high seas fishing fleet for salmon had been an economically valuable yet environmentally destructive operation for four decades. The Japanese government progressively phased out lucrative Japanese salmon fishing operations in the North Pacific, apparently capitulating to U.S. pressure. No U.S. enforcement with punitive sanctions proved necessary, however. Specific characteristics of the international market created the possibility of an environmentally benign international agreement. International integration of the market for fisheries products was made possible by the high market value of salmon in the United States and in Japan. In the 1970s, foreign direct investment from vertically integrated, Tokyo‐based fishing firms into canning and processing operations in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest facilitated U.S. Japanese agreement. The high existence (nonuse) value of marine mammals in the United States was also an important factor.

Japanese Economic Cooperation

Japanese official development assistance (ODA) totaled $9.13 billion in 1988, which put Japan neck and neck with the United States for the title of largest aid-donor country. In the few decades since joining the Development Assistance Committee in 1961, Japan has steadily increased its aid effort until the country is now one of the major sources of economic cooperation. This article first outlines the characteristics of Japanese ODA—such as its emphasis on loans to Asia—and then discusses the various factors that have shaped these characteristics. In recognition of the fact that yen credits are central to Japanese assistance, the significance and impact of those yen credits are then examined. Finally, some recent developments in Japanese assistance and some issues that remain to be resolved are reviewed.

Japanese international cooperation in superconductive technology

Japanese international cooperation in superconductive technology

R & D Cooperation in AI: Report on the U.S. and Japanese panel, IJCAI 1985

The consensus of government, academic, and industry leaders widely supports the strategic positioning of U.S. and Japanese research and development in mutually beneficial, two-way flows of innovation. This report is derived from the IJCAI panel titled U.S and Japanese Cooperation in AI and R&D Opportunities, held August 23, 1986 at the University of California at Los Angeles. This panel discussed the sensitive topic of alternatives to nationalistic competitive strategies that have contributed to an extreme trade deficit surpassing $40 billion in 1986. The ideas offered by the panelists shed light on ways our countries' respective scientific communities can blend talents to achieve the best results in reducing trade frictions. Each country has designated AI research as a key to unlock years of generations of technology and has directed billions of dollars to fund this development. The most recognized projects are the U.S. Microelectronics Technology Computer Consortium (MCC) and Japan's Fifth Generation Computer Project (ICOT). Although noting the obstacles, the panelists encouraged specific, shared efforts to ensure the development of a closer working relationship to explore AI's benefits.

Japan looks to the future

The Japanese computer industry is organized on different lines to that in the USA or Western Europe. A higher degree of cooperation and coordination characterizes much of Japanese industry, as it does Japanese society. Nevertheless, there is a fairly close similarity between Japanese and US companies, particularly since the Japanese have begun to decentralize their R&D operations. Many Japanese companies also manufacture American products under licence. The fifth generation computer project, which is an example of Japanese cooperation and willingness to pursue long-term goals is discussed.

American and Japanese Co-Operation

American and Japanese Co-Operation