Japan Radio Research Articles

Editor's comments: Special issue on the URSI-JRSM 2019 student paper competition

This issue contains the three top prize-winning papers from the Student Paper Competition held as part of the 2019 URSI Japan Radio Science Meeting (URSI-JRSM 2019). The conference was held at the University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan, on September 5–6, 2019. The guest editors for this section of this issue were Satoshi Yagitani and Shinichiro Ohnuki, respectively the General Chair and the Technical Program Chair for URSI-JRSM 2019. Their efforts are greatly appreciated. They have provided a separate introduction to the special issue.

Introduction to the URSI-JRSM 2019 student paper competition special issue

This special issue is a collection of papers by university students who successfully applied for the Student Paper Competition organized at the 2019 URSI Japan Radio Science Meeting (URSI-JRSM 2019). The conference was held at the University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan, on September 5–6, 2019 (http://www.ursi.jp/jrsm2019/).

Why and How New Japan Radio Has Continued GaAs RFIC Manufacturing in Japan; Introduction of Unique Proven Technology Based on Hetero-Junction FET Process

We describe the history of New Japan Radio Co. Ltd., (NJR) and our continuing presence in the business of manufacturing gallium arsenide radio frequency (GaAs RF) front-end devices. We also explain how our company survived and prospered despite the changing markets. We compare NJR strategies with those of competing RF integrated circuit (RFIC) manufacturers in Japan and briefly describe the hetero-junction field-effect transistor technology, which plays a key role in the success of NJR's RFIC business. We present some of the manufacturing and performance data to show how we improved the wafer process. These unique underlying technologies have enabled the implementation of unique circuit types, which are rarely seen in conventional GaAs ICs.

Real-Time Tsunami Detection with Oceanographic Radar Based on Virtual Tsunami Observation Experiments

The tsunami generated by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake was the first time that the velocity fields of a tsunami were measured by using high-frequency oceanographic radar (HF radar) and since then, the development of HF radar systems for tsunami detection has progressed. Here, a real-time tsunami detection method was developed, based on virtual tsunami observation experiments proposed by Fuji et al. In the experiments, we used actual signals received in February 2014 by the Nagano Japan Radio Co., Ltd. radar system installed on the Mihama coast and simulated tsunami velocities induced by the Nankai Trough earthquake. The tsunami was detected based on the temporal change in the cross-correlation of radial velocities between two observation points. Performance of the method was statistically evaluated referring to Fuji and Hinata. Statistical analysis of the detection probability was performed using 590 scenarios. The maximum detection probability was 15% at 4 min after tsunami occurrence and increased to 80% at 7 min, which corresponds to 9 min before tsunami arrival at the coast. The 80% detection probability line located 3 km behind the tsunami wavefront proceeded to the coast as the tsunami propagated to the coast. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the tsunami detection probability of the radar system, virtual tsunami observation experiments are required for other seasons in 2014, when the sea surface state was different from that in February, and for other earthquakes.

Position Cross-Checking on ECDIS in View of International Regulations Requirements and OCIMF Recommendations

In this paper the author suggests methods for position cross-checking on modern bridge equipped with Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). Terrestrial navigation techniques in relation to newly implemented technology are adopted to fulfil international requirements and recommendations. The author proposes voyage recording procedures conforming to International Marine Organization (IMO) requirements ready to be used as navigational procedures in Safety Management System. Vessel Inspection Questionnaire of Ship Inspection Report Programme is used to systematize the needs. Differences in approach between paper charts and ECDIS navigation are exposed and clarified serving as a guide for ships liable to undergo vetting inspection. The author shows both, advantages and weak points of various ECDIS features using as an example ECDIS manufactured by Japan Radio Company.

Peranan Radio Republik Indonesia Yogyakarta Dalam Pelestarian Karawitan

The Role of Indonesian Republic Radio of Yogyakarta in Preserving Karawitan. This article discussesthe role of Indonesian Republic Radio (RRI) Yogyakarta in the preservation of karawitan. RRI Yogyakarta –bornthrough MAVRO (1934) and Japan Radio Hosokyoku (1942), offi cially established on September 11, 1945- is aplace for the existence of Uyon uyon Manasuka. Uyon-uyon Manasuka –originally known as Doyo Mardowo– becomesone of the prime shows in RRI Yogyakarta on the struggle of Ki Tjokrowasito who later became the boss. Thecharacteristics of uyon-uyon Manasuka which were different from uyon uyon Hadiluhung Sultan Palace and Uyonuyon Muryoraras Pura Paku Alaman, enrich the cultural treasures of Yogyakarta. Since its birth until now, its existencestill gets its own place for people of Yogyakarta. Even present society is still getting involved directly throughinteractive contacts. Besides uyon-uyon Manasuka, RRI Yogyakarta also facilitates the activities of community-uyonuyon packed in lunch-uyon uyon events

Estimation of Cost-saving for Reducing Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Medicine Facilities by Implementing Decay in Storage (DIS) in Japan

DIS has not yet been implemented in Japan as of 2011. Therefore, even if risk was negligible, medical institutions have to entrust radioactive temporal waste disposal to Japan Radio Isotopes Association (JRIA) in the current situation. To decide whether DIS should be implemented in Japan or not, cost-saving effect of DIS was estimated by comparing the cost that nuclear medical facilities pay. By implementing DIS, the total annual cost for all nuclear medical facilities in Japan is estimated to be decreased to 30 million yen or less from 710 million yen. DIS would save 680 million yen (96%) per year.

AC Electric Field Communication for Human-Area Networking

We have proposed a human-area networking technology that uses the surface of the human body as a data transmission path and uses an AC electric field signal below the resonant frequency of the human body. This technology aims to achieve a “touch and connect” intuitive form of communication by using the electric field signal that propagates along the surface of the human body, while suppressing both the electric field radiating from the human body and mutual interference. To suppress the radiation field, the frequency of the AC signal that excites the transmitter electrode must be lowered, and the sensitivity of the receiver must be raised while reducing transmission power to its minimally required level. We describe how we are developing AC electric field communication technologies to promote the further evolution of a human-area network in support of ubiquitous services, focusing on three main characteristics, enabling-transceiver technique, application-scenario modeling, and communications quality evaluation. Special attention is paid to the relationship between electro-magnetic compatibility evaluation and regulations for extremely low-power radio stations based on Japan's Radio Law.

A Prescriptive Exercise Program for Health Maintenance

The aim of this study was to design a prescriptive exercise program for people of various age and fitness basing on the popular in Japan Radio Physical Fitness Exercise, a program based on an experimental approach. The evaluation indices used in the experiment were heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption, and electrical activity of the rectus femoris, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius muscles, which measured during various motion elements of the program performed at various rate. The results of this study enable to calculate equations for predicting HR during exercise from relative metabolic rate (RMR). The data on HR, RMR, and myoelectric potential presented in this study may be a basis for designing individual exercise programs for elderly people.

Tissue structure of rat brain after microwave irradiation using maximum magnetic field component

A novel microwave instrument has recently been designed by New Japan Radio Co. Ltd., to provide more homogeneos distribution of the rapidly deposited heat in the rodent brain. Being the first commercial unit which concentrates the maximum magnetic field component of irradiation, rather than the usual electric field, it provides complete enzymatic inactivation in a typical rat brain when a power of 9 kW (90% of maximum) is applied for 0.80 s at the standard operating frequency of 2450 MHz. Tissue structural integrity was investigated in animals sacrificed by this approach or by the usual decapitation to see if any tissue disruption or pressure-induced spreading, a major problem with other microwave devices, might also be of concern for this new unit. Histological examination of tissue samples employed both light and electron microscopy. Using Luxol Fast Blue in the light microscopy, the microwave irradiated tissues exhibited a decreased affinity for the staining agent, an appearance of slight vacuoles, and the disappearance of fine fibrils in the parenchyma. However, the interfacial areas between distinct brain regions remained well preserved. Electron microscopic observation indicated that microwave irradiated tissue caused protein denaturation accompanied by the aggregation of nuclear chromatin, the disappearance of Nissl bodies, ribosomes and neurofilaments, and noticeably irregular myelin sheaths. However, the essential structure of nerve cell membranes and synaptic membranes were maintained, and synaptic vesicles were clearly defined. These results indicated that the rapid heating of brain tissue with maximal magnetic field concentration of the irradiation does not result in significant tissue disruption, pressure-induced spreading or cell breakdown. Thus, this method of sacrificing rodents should not provide any substantial diffusion of neurocompounds localized in brain regions, although minor changes in tissue composition are unquestionably elicited.

オメガによるハイブリッド自動航法装置とその洋上評価試験

The author tried an experimental voyage, from Kobe to Marseilles, during 5 Dec. 1972 to 2 Jan. 1973, via Pacific and Atiantic Oceans and Mediterranean sea, by a cargo boat of 10,000 tons class of Mitsui-OSK Lines, to make an assessment test a new made Automatical Hybrid Navigation Equipment, connected with Omega and Dead-Reckoning, which was developed by Japan Radio Co., Ltd. This equipment mooves in full automation with a computer, conducting Omega receiver, DRPC, chart plotter, printer, etc.. As for the nuisance skywave correction, it is not necessary to consult with the SWC tables after observations. It corrects itself in the computer by a simulation program, and one can get the final result of position fix, on a printed paper and a plotted point on a chart, in automatical procedure, in every 10 seconds. The Dead Reckoning Position Calculator (DRPC) offers its results in every 1 minute, by getting the informations from a gyro-compass and a log. The Omega position and the DR position will be compared each other in the equipment in every 10 seconds, and if it finds over 4 nautical miles difference between them, it makes an alarm, and the observer can notice the trouble and cheque the equipment. The DR will start from the Omega position in every 15 minutes again and again. So, the alarm means it should happened some troubles on DRPC or the Omega receivings. By the experiments, the author investigated as follows. (1) Confirmed the benefit of Hybrid System. (2) Confirmed the utility value of the automatic track plotter. (3) Evaluated the fixed positions of the equipment.

BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

Book reviewed in this article:ANDERSON et al. Issues of Political DevelopmentBROGDEN. Australia's Two‐Airline PolicyBURROUGHS. Britain and Australia 1831–1855BURTON. International RelationsCHAMBERLAIN. Loyalty and Legislative ActionCORDEN. Australian Economic Policy Discussion: A SurveyCOUNTRYMAN. Un‐American Activity in the State of Washington(Ed.) CRICK. Essays on Reform, 1967DULY. British Land Policy at the Cape, 1795–1844FOUGERE. Civil Service Systems. International Institute of Administrative Sciences, 1967HAIG and MCBURNEY. The Interpretation of National Income EstimatesHUGHES. Political Stability and Political Behaviour(Ed.) HUGHES. Readings in Australian GovernmentJORDAN. The Nato lnternational Staff Secretariat 1952–1957(Ed.) LA NAUZE. Federated AustraliaLASKI. A Grammar of Politics(Ed.) LEACH. Contemporary CanadaMEO. Japan's Radio War on Australia 1941–1945N.S.W. Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Rating, Valuation and Local Government FinancePYE. Southeast Asia's Political SystemsR.I.P.A. Management of Local Government, 1968SAWER. Australian Federalism in the CourtsSAWER. Ombudsmen(Ed.) SELLECK. Melbourne Studies in Education, 1967The Indian Journal of Public Administration, “Administration of Food Production”, Special Issue, vol. XIII, No. 3, July–September. 1967WILLIAMS. The French Parliament