The article, «Polish for All: An Intercultural Bridge to Europe» examines the multifaceted role of the Polish language beyond its traditional philological scope, positioning it as a pivotal tool for the personal and professional development of students in non-philological specializations. It delves into the significance of Polish as a unique «inter-linguistic bridge» that not only grants a competitive edge in a globalized job market and provides access to European education but also fosters a deeper understanding of one's own language and cultural identity. The text argues that for students of economics, IT, law, and other fields, basic proficiency in Polish is an invaluable asset. For example, it enables direct communication with Polish partners in the IT sector and provides access to original legal documents like the Kodeks spółek handlowych, which is crucial for international business. Furthermore, the article explores the academic opportunities unlocked by Polish language skills, such as participation in prestigious exchange programs like Erasmus+ at institutions like the Jagiellonian University and Warsaw University of Technology. It highlights the ability to read specialized academic literature and research papers in their original form, ensuring access to unique information not yet translated. The article also touches upon the cognitive advantages of learning a language closely related to one's native tongue, which enhances analytical thinking, memory, and cognitive flexibility. This process also builds a foundation for successful intercultural communication and social integration. Ultimately, the article concludes that studying Polish is more than an academic pursuit; it is a strategic investment in a future defined by cross-cultural collaboration and global mobility. The language acts as a conduit for empathy, helping students to navigate and thrive in a multicultural environment by bridging historical and cultural divides.

We study the \(th\) production at the LHC in the presence of a CP violating top Yukawa coupling. The helicity amplitudes for the \(ub\to dth\)(\(d\bar {b}\to u\bar {t}h\)) processes provide information on the kinematical distributions. Observables such as the azimuthal asymmetry between the forward jet and the top (antitop) quark, and the top (antitop) quark polarization asymmetry can be used to probe CP violation. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD predictions coupled with parton showers, known as NLO matching, have been widely used for the precision era at the LHC. While two methods — <span class="sc">Mc@Nlo</span> and <span class="sc">Powheg</span> — have been widely adopted for this purpose, a third method, KrkNLO, has recently been described and implemented within <span class="sf">Herwig 7</span> for colour-singlet processes. We present phenomenological results of this method for the charged-current Drell–Yan process and compare with the <span class="sc">Mc@Nlo</span> method. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Recent measurements from the heavy-ion physics programme from the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are reviewed. They include azimuthal flow at high transverse momenta (\(p_{\mathrm {T}}\)), \(p_{\mathrm {T}}\) fluctuations in lead–lead (Pb+Pb) and xenon–xenon (Xe+Xe) collisions, jet-radius dependence of di-jet asymmetry, and an observation of top-quark pair production in proton–lead (\(p\)+Pb) and Pb+Pb systems. Results of a search for a diffusion wake in \(\gamma \)–jet events are also discussed. Moreover, results from ultra-peripheral collisions for photonuclear di-jet production and a search for magnetic monopoles are presented. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

The Compact Muon Solenoid detector (CMS) was designed to analyze data mainly from proton–proton collision, but its robust design allows also for the analysis of data from heavy-ion collisions. This contribution describes a few examples of recent results of heavy-ion data analyses from CMS. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

The strong electromagnetic field induced by a nucleus moving with relativistic velocity in ultraperipheral collisions is a source of the quasireal photons, which can be absorbed by the partner nucleus and excite it. This leads to the evaporation of particles such as neutrons, protons, and alpha particles. In our recent work, we applied the Equivalent Photon Approximation to calculate the cross sections for evaporation of given multiplicities of particles. We tested different statistical nuclear models, such as <span class="sf">GEMINI++</span> and <span class="sf">HIPSE</span>, to define the probability functions. We also suggested a new, phenomenological approach for the estimation of excitation energy called the Two Component Model. The results were compared with recent ALICE data obtained with the neutron and proton Zero Degree Calorimeters. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

I discuss recent results that confirm that one can associate entropy with partonic content of the proton. Furthermore, I show that complexity of the proton is characterized by the parton momentum density function. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus) detector will undergo modernization between 2026 and 2030 to prepare for operations in the high-luminosity regime of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Patch Panel 2 (PP2) is an active component of the strip tracker’s power supply (PS) chain, which will be located inside the ATLAS detector. For safety and control reasons, an independent readout system is needed to connect to PP2. This paper presents the PP2 control and monitoring system as implemented during the prototype and pre-production phases and outlines the quality control plans for the pre-production PP2 series currently under development in Kraków. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

This document presents an overview of recent ATLAS searches in the Higgs sector using the full Run 2 dataset of proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s} = 13\) TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb\(^{-1}\). The analyses include searches for additional scalars, charged Higgs bosons, and exotic decays. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Heavy flavour production cross sections and lifetimes in hadron colliders inform and challenge perturbative and non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) determinations, while providing sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. Using up to 140 fb\(^{-1}\) of \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt {s}=13\) TeV from Run 2 of the LHC, recent results from the ATLAS experiment are presented: differential charmonium production cross sections extending up to transverse momenta (\(p_{\mathrm {T}}\)) of 360 GeV (\(J/\psi \)) and 140 GeV (\(\psi (2S)\)), differential open-charm \(D^\pm \) and \(D^\pm _s\) meson production cross sections extending up to \(p_{\mathrm {T}} = 100\) GeV, and the open-beauty \(B^0\) meson effective lifetime of \(\tau _{B^0} = 1.5053 \pm 0.0012 \mathrm {(stat.)} \pm 0.0035 \mathrm {(syst.)}\) ps, to date the most precise single measurement of this quantity. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

The <span class="sf">Top–Down</span> reconstruction chain is a Monte Carlo simulation scheme that focuses on reconstructing observed extensive air showers while accounting for the muon discrepancy between the observed and simulated events. With the help of this algorithm, we try to reconstruct a particularly unique air shower observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The uniqueness of this observation lies in the very large depth of its maximum. We have modified the <span class="sf">Top–Down</span> chain to accommodate this unique event and present the <span class="sf">Top–Down</span> simulated events, which are the best match to the air shower studied. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will provide additional challenges in the already demanding field of charged-particle-track reconstruction. The Inner Detector of the ATLAS experiment will be replaced by an all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) that will consist of pixel and strip subdetectors providing greater coverage in pseudorapidity spanning up to \(|\eta |=4\). The physics of heavy ions (HI) requires a different tracking setup as compared to \(pp\) collisions. This is dictated by the difference in experimental conditions, where instead of a huge number of simultaneous \(pp\) interactions per bunch crossing (up to \(\langle \mu \rangle =200\)), the HI collision events expect only one collision per bunch crossing. Despite this, a central lead-ion collision produces a huge number of charged particles to reconstruct, comparable to \(pp\) collisions at \(\langle \mu \rangle =200\). The presence of a single collision vertex enables certain optimizations but also introduces unique challenges. The ATLAS experiment has chosen A Common Tracking Software (<span class="sf">ACTS</span>) for the HL-LHC to perform track reconstruction, as it is expected to meet the new challenges ahead. This document highlights the progress in setting up the <span class="sf">ACTS</span>-based track reconstruction for HI with the ITk, shows a comparison of expected tracking performance in \(pp\) and HI events, and presents the predicted performance of <span class="sf">ACTS</span> compared to the existing tracking algorithms used by ATLAS. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

In this paper, we present the search for three highly-suppressed Standard Model processes at the CMS experiment: \(B^{0} \to \mu ^+ \mu ^-\), \(B_{s}^{0} \to \mu ^+ \mu ^-\), and \(B_{s}^{0} \to \mu ^+ \mu ^- \gamma \). The latest and most precise results to date are presented for the first two decays, while the feasibility and experimental strategy for the third, yet unobserved at CMS, are discussed. The search for New Physics is the primary motivation for studying these flavour-changing neutral current decays. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Reconstruction of the invariant mass of the system with two tau leptons faces a challenge of lack of neutrinos in the observed final state of taus’ decays. In this work, we introduce a novel algorithm, which is comparable to other mass reconstruction algorithms in the field of mass resolution and much better considering time performance. We test its performance on Monte Carlo simulations with <span class="sf">PYTHIA</span> and <span class="sf">Delphes</span> and show that algorithm achieves an average execution time of approximately 3 ms per event, which is around two orders of magnitude faster than previous techniques, while delivering a mass resolution characterized by a standard deviation of \(22\) GeV for \(Z^0\) bosons and \(34.5\) GeV for Higgs bosons. A <span class="sf">Python</span> implementation of the method is provided in an open-source repository, facilitating broader adoption in high-energy physics analyses. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

We propose the use of a decoupling renormalization scheme in the calculation of NLO corrections to SM-like Higgs boson decays in the beyond the Standard Model models. The advantage of this particular scheme is its decoupling property in the presence of a heavy BSM physics and the possibility to directly include known higher-order Standard Model corrections. We illustrate the use of this scheme by analysing the \(h \to \mu ^+ \mu ^-\) decay in a simple Standard Model extension by an \(S_1\) leptoquark. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Electroweak measurements are a key part of the CMS Collaboration’s physics program, enabling precise measurements of known observables. These measurements are crucial for placing stringent limits on Standard Model parameters providing insights into New Physics. Presented here are some of the latest results from the CMS Collaboration, including the first results using Run 3 data collected at \(\sqrt {s}=13.6\) TeV in 2024. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

A summary of CMS searches for new neutral resonances with the main focus on scalars and pseudoscalars, based on data collected during Run 2 of the LHC is presented. Special emphasis is given to the most recent results. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors

Recent theoretical results renewed the interest in charged-particle multiplicity distributions. The Shannon entropy of such distributions is conjectured to be related to the entanglement or von Neumann entropy of the partonic quantum system. In this paper, we show that the measured charged-particle multiplicities can be derived from the principle of maximum entropy (POME or MAXENT) without any <span class="it">a priori</span> physical assumption. The approach provides a natural explanation for the well-known negative binomial shape of the measured distributions. Abstract Published by the Jagiellonian University 2025 authors