IT Networks Research Articles

DATA PROCESSING FOR CREATING SIMULATION MODELS

This article is devoted to the main element of the Industry 4.0 concept, which is vertical integration software that connects the necessary parts of manufacturing companies. Software that meets these criteria is required to ensure error-free bi-directional communication and data transfer between IT and OT networks. Better competitiveness technological progress is pushing the possibilities of MES. As a result, MES is becoming an integral element that takes businesses to the next level. If we imagine all activities as operations connected by computer networks and analytical tools, the result is even greater efficiency in the industry and business. Analytical tools provide useful support for customer service.

Biogeographical patterns and speciation of the genus Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) inferred by phylogenetic analyses.

Earlier phylogenetic studies in the genus Pinguicua (Lentibulariaceae) suggested that the species within a geographical region was rather monophyletic, although the sampling was limited or was restricted to specific regions. Those results conflicted with the floral morphology-based classification, which has been widely accepted to date. In the current study, one nuclear ribosomal DNA (internal transcribed spacer; ITS) and two regions of chloroplast DNA (matK and rpl32-trnL), from up to ca. 80% of the taxa in the genus Pinguicula, covering all three subgenera, were sequenced to demonstrate the inconsistency and explore a possible evolutionary history of the genus. Some incongruence was observed between nuclear and chloroplast topologies and the results from each of the three DNA analyses conflicted with the morphology-based subgeneric divisions. Both the ITS tree and network, however, corresponded with the biogeographical patterns of the genus supported by life-forms (winter rosette or hibernaculum formation) and basic chromosome numbers (haploidy). The dormant strategy evolved in a specific geographical region is a phylogenetic constraint and a synapomorphic characteristic within a lineage. Therefore, the results denied the idea that the Mexican group, morphologically divided into the three subgenera, independently acquired winter rosette formations. Topological incongruence among the trees or reticulations, indicated by parallel edges in phylogenetic networks, implied that some taxa originated by introgressive hybridisation. Although there are exceptions, species within the same geographical region arose from a common ancestor. Therefore, the classification by the floral characteristics is rather unreliable. The results obtained from this study suggest that evolution within the genus Pinguicula has involved; 1) ancient expansions to geographical regions with gene flow and subsequent vicariance with genetic drift, 2) acquirement of a common dormant strategy within a specific lineage to adapt a local climate (i.e., synapomorphic characteristic), 3) recent speciation in a short time span linked to introgressive hybridisation or multiplying the ploidy level (i.e., divergence), and 4) parallel evolution in floral traits among lineages found in different geographical regions (i.e., convergence). As such, the floral morphology masks and obscures the phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus.

Information Security Risk Strategy at PT. X Using NIST SP 800-30

Information security is a vital aspect that must be considered in use of information technology devices by active users. PT. X runs a business that applies information technology related to distribution aspects through company resource planning. Information technology formed assets IT infrastructure, information systems, operating procedures, and network infrastructure. This asset has a potential threat that causes disruption resulting losses. This problem arises to cope through the response to the risk strategy. NIST SP 800-30 method has a flexible risk perspective for the organization and federation standards of American security. Research is divided into risk measurement as a risk, risk mitigation as risk planning, and risk evaluation embodied risk reports. Results of the research show the value of risk through the calculation of the likelihood and impact matrix of the highest threat is at a low level is 14, medium at 12, and high of 4 are categorized good enough.
 Keywords: Risk Strategy, Information Security, NIST SP 800-30, Risk

Pengembangan Keahlian Penggunaan Microsoft Excel bagi Instruktur Pelatihan TIK Nasional bagi Disabilitas

Bakti Kominfo has tasks in the ICT section, namely building IT network infrastructure in disadvantaged areas. In addition, BAKTI Kominfo also has a role in developing human resources who have expertise in the IT field and keep up with the current developments, namely the Digital world. Therefore, BAKTI Kominfo conducts training for ICT teachers to provide insight as a provision to guide students with disabilities to take part in National ICT Training and Competitions. One of the training materials is Excel. In this activity in collaboration with ISB Atma Luhur to train ICT teachers with Microsoft Excel material. This training lasts for 3 consecutive days using Zoom Meeting. In the conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic, this did not discourage us from always innovating in making and holding training courses to develop skills from ICT teacher teacher resources to assist students with disabilities. The goal is to capture the hidden competences and talents of students with disabilities. With this training activity, the ability of ICT teachers to use Microsoft Excel 2016. And from the training participants suggested to always innovate in making training training similar to other materials and to always be accompanied during training and even after training.

The cyber-risk in cardiology: towards an investigation on the self-perception among the cardiologists.

The strong demand for health data by cybercrime exposes hospital structures in particular to IT risks. The greater connectivity to existing IT networks has in fact exposed Administrations to new IT security vulnerabilities, as healthcare is an extremely interesting target for cybercrime for two fundamental reasons: on the one hand, it is a source rich in valuable data and on the other, very often, the defenses are weak. The general purpose of the study was to investigate the cybersecurity in cardiology, a strategic field of the health care. The specific purpose of the study was: (I) to perform a first overview in this field; and (II) to investigate the opinion on the cyber-risk in cardiology directly interviewing the actors working in this field, using a properly designed questionnaire submitted using mobile technology. Fifty seven cardiologists participated in the study and filled the proposed questionnaire on their smartphone/tablet. From a global point of view the output of this work allowed to highlight some important issues related to the perception of the cybersecurity specifically on the actors working in the field of the cardiology as for example their opinion on the received and/or needed training. A properly designed questionnaire has been: (I) proposed to investigate the perception of the cybersecurity among subjects working in cardiology; (II) successfully submitted to 57 cardiologists highlighting some critically important issues.

Perception of Cross Border Differences, Belief Systems, and Quick Evaluation of Potential Conflict

How conflictual realities on international boundaries are perceived and analyzed is the subject of this paper. Two techniques for evaluating conflict, belief systems and rational choice are contrasted. Quickness of evaluation is imagined as a value maximized, if possible. International relations realities are presented as ranging from the quick evaluation of Sarajevo in 1914 and subsequent forming of alliances to ordinary border conflicts. The conflict realities found in border conflict are deemed adequate for this paper’s logical rational analysis. Decision making conditions are presented as changing as a result of the rise of the service sector, the information economy, Internet, social networking, and Internet personalities. Perception strengths are increasing as social networking improves emotional intelligence. The realities from the present U.S. - Canada border closure are considered as exemplifying border conflicts. Likewise, conflictual possibilities in the closure of borders in the Schengen countries are included in the paper’s analysis. This research question confronts multidimensional concepts. Assumptions about when belief systems and rational choice are decision making tools are discussed. Belief systems are assume to offer quick decisions. Rational choice decisions are more likely used with complicated problems. If quickness is the prized virtue, belief systems are thought to be advantageous to rational choice. IT and social networking are presented as having an affect on which decision technique is chosen.While the research problem is difficult, qualitative methods offers genuine possibilities because of the strength of narrative analysis. An image narrative of the U.S. - Canadian border closure and the Schengen border closures is devised using theoretical sampling. As issues emerged and became better defined, resampling occurred in this research. The resulting data in vivid images is thought to be well connected to montage. The imaging process that went into each image significantly increases the data stored in each image. The various images in the sample when analyzed are analogous to listening to a focus group about the research subject. A more structured analysis of the image data is possible with a cognitive mapping variant. Images are first coded according to how possibly conflictual they are. Next an attempt is made to project if they are likely reasoned with belief systems or rational choice.The results are concerned that Internet and social networking possibly biases choice between belief systems and rational choice. The amount of information being produced by ever more sophisticated imaging techniques is found to be a significant variable. The two image narratives this research devised ask if increased information is more frequently preferencing rational choice techniques. Rational choice’s production of many options need be included among changing decision conditions. There is a need to develop abilities to accept changing conditions in both perception and how conflictual realities are evaluated.

ANALYSIS OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS’ ONLINE CLASS - DISTANCE EDUCATION EXPERIENCES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The World Health Organization has declared the spread Covid-19 virus as a pandemic shortly after its rapid spread. There have been many preventive actions taken in order to control the spread in our country as well as in the world in general. These preventive actions have affected every aspect of life. In education, schools have been shut down due to Covid-19 pandemic, and online classes and distance learning have been established. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the experiences and perspectives of classroom teachers regarding distance learning and online class processes. This research is a case study based on a qualitative approach. Data was collected from semi-structured interview forms that were created by the researcher and it was analyzed for the content. When distance education and online class experiences of classroom teachers who educate the youngest classes of elementary school were analyzed, it was concluded that the classroom teachers who joined the case study had no prior experience regarding distance education and online classes. In addition to this, as the distance education process started, most of the teachers who joined the case study participated in training offered and improved their knowledge and skills. Another conclusion is that teachers mostly organized their classes via EBA which is the IT Network of the Ministry of Education and Zoom during the online class and distance education process. Teachers who joined the case study have expressed that there have been similarities between the face to face education and distance learning in terms of curriculum and role of the teacher. In addition to this, they communicated that the process of method / technique have been different and certain aspects of evaluation have been missing. Teachers also expressed that the most frequent problems they experienced have been the lack of computers and internet connection. Another finding was distance education and online classes have been more exhausting compared to the face to face classes. Regardless, it was clear that online classes and distance education have created efficiency in terms of time and space, and by reducing mobility, it made it easier to be protected from the pandemic. Keywords: Distance education, online class, pandemic, Covid-19, classroom teacher

Contract Law Solutions for Digitalized Cross-Company Value Networks in Industry 4.0: Part 2: Contract Law

The original German version of this text is available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=3767069 This series of papers deals with issues of contract law in Industrie 4.0. It is based on the law of the Federal Republic of Germany. Part 1 introduces the topic and explains the legal problems that arise in Industrie 4.0. Part 2 deals with issues of contract law: How are contracts concluded among autonomous software agents, what types of contracts come into question, and how must general terms and conditions be structured. Part 3 looks at issues of licensing law and intellectual property in data. Part 4 looks at the liability of autonomous systems in Industry and provides an outlook on possible future solutions. Industrial production is increasingly taking place in digitized value chains in which numerous independent companies cooperate in digital networks. Within the framework of such cross-company cooperation, industrial manufacturing processes autonomously manage themselves via integrated IT networks. This control increasingly makes use of intelligent systems that act either as autonomous software agents, in conjunction with humans or networked with other computers and machines. In addition to the industrial production process itself, parallel workflows of streams need to be handled, which is becoming more and more important. This results in specific situations and risks. Essentially, the questions to be answered are: • which legal status can be attributed to dataii that is generated in the production process, and • how can the liability in cross-company digital production networks be assessed and mitigated. In the absence of legislation, case law and technical standards that satisfactorily regulate these issues, contractual solutions are required between the cooperation partners in B2B (business-to-business) transactions, for which some approaches are outlined here. Key findings: • The multi-dimensionally networked industry 4.0 is approaching the limits of our bilateral understanding of contracts due to the virtualisation technologies used. • Data, and in particuliar industrial machine data, have no rights in rem attached. There is no data ownership. Although is legally protected in several respects, this protection remains fragmentary and incomplete. • Rights to must therefore be assigned by contract: It is advisable to follow the standards set by licence agreements from copyright law. Such contractual rights and obligations are only effective inter partes, but never in rem towards everybody. Data usage contracts must therefore be accompanied by effective technical and organisational measures for the de facto protection of data. • The German law on General Terms and Conditions, may regard liability limitations as ineffective even in business transactions. This, choice of foreign law clauses should be considered in the contract negotiations. • The networking of people, machines, virtualised and autonomous information technology systems makes it more difficult to attribute responsibility and prove causality. In the area of contractual liability, proof and presumption rules can be agreed. De lege ferenda, a compulsory insurance of the manufacturers and professional users as beneficiaries of such systems seems to make sense. • In all regulations, care must be taken to ensure that the right incentives for due diligence are in place for all parties involved.

Contractual Solutions for Digitalized Cross-Company Value Networks in Industry 4.0 - Part 1: Introduction

This series of papers deals with issues of contract law in Industrie 4.0. It is based on the law of the Federal Republic of Germany. Part 1 introduces the topic and explains the legal problems that arise in Industrie 4.0. Part 2 deals with issues of contract law: How are contracts concluded among autonomous software agents, what types of contracts come into question, and how must general terms and conditions be structured. Part 3 looks at issues of licensing law and intellectual property in data. Part 4 looks at the liability of autonomous systems in Industry and provides an outlook on possible future solutions. Industrial production is increasingly taking place in digitized value chains in which numerous independent companies cooperate in digital networks. Within the framework of such cross-company cooperation, industrial manufacturing processes autonomously manage themselves via integrated IT networks. This control increasingly makes use of intelligent systems that act either as autonomous software agents, in conjunction with humans or networked with other computers and machines. In addition to the industrial production process itself, parallel workflows of streams need to be handled, which is becoming more and more important. This results in specific situations and risks. Essentially, the questions to be answered are: • which legal status can be attributed to dataii that is generated in the production process, and • how can the liability in cross-company digital production networks be assessed and mitigated. In the absence of legislation, case law and technical standards that satisfactorily regulate these issues, contractual solutions are required between the cooperation partners in B2B (business-to-business) transactions, for which some approaches are outlined here. Key findings: • The multi-dimensionally networked industry 4.0 is approaching the limits of our bilateral understanding of contracts due to the virtualisation technologies used. • Data, and in particuliar industrial machine data, have no rights in rem attached. There is no data ownership. Although is legally protected in several respects, this protection remains fragmentary and incomplete. • Rights to must therefore be assigned by contract: It is advisable to follow the standards set by licence agreements from copyright law. Such contractual rights and obligations are only effective inter partes, but never in rem towards everybody. Data usage contracts must therefore be accompanied by effective technical and organisational measures for the de facto protection of data. • The German law on General Terms and Conditions, may regard liability limitations as ineffective even in business transactions. This, choice of foreign law clauses should be considered in the contract negotiations. • The networking of people, machines, virtualised and autonomous information technology systems makes it more difficult to attribute responsibility and prove causality. In the area of contractual liability, proof and presumption rules can be agreed. De lege ferenda, a compulsory insurance of the manufacturers and professional users as beneficiaries of such systems seems to make sense. • In all regulations, care must be taken to ensure that the right incentives for due diligence are in place for all parties involved. [ The original German version of this text is avialable at Contratcual Solutions for Industry 4.0. Part 1: Introduction by Arnold J. F. Lukas, LL.M. :: SSRN ]

Развитие теории цифрового маркетинга

This article examines digital marketing as a multidimensional economic phenomenon that takes into account the development of scientific and technological progress. The study conveys the author's approach to the definition of the concept, channels and types of digital marketing, introduced on the basis of the use of digital media space in marketing activities as IT infrastructure and network technologies. Digital marketing is analyzed as market business processes occurring in offline and online spaces, with the application of the potential of various means of marketing interactions (Internet, mobile, broadcast, local networks and autonomous digital devices).

Prijedlog izmjene odredaba Zakona o tržištu električne energije o dijeljenju poslovnih prostora, IT opreme te IT sustava kao i korištenju istih pružatelja IT usluga i isporučitelja IT opreme između neovisnog operatora prijenosa i ostalih subjekata vertikalno integrirane strukture

Neovisni operator prijenosa jedan je od tri moguća načina odvajanja operatora prijenosnog sustava od ostalih subjekata u vertikalno integriranoj strukturi. Hrvatski operator prijenosnog sustava odvojen je od vertikalno integrirane strukture upravo primjenom modela neovisnog operatora prijenosa. Imajući u vidu skoru potrebu širih izmjena i dopuna domaćega zakonodavnog okvira koji uređuje tržište električne energije u radu se kritički razmatraju određeni problematični aspekti takvog odvajanja, primjerice, pravila o dijeljenju informacijskih sustava (softvera), računalne, mrežne i sigurnosne infrastrukture (hardvera), kao i korištenju usluga istih savjetnika i vanjskih izvođača. Analizom postojećih europskih pravnih pravila kao i zakonskih rješenja usporedivih država članica, rad pruža konkretne de lege ferenda prijedloge za moguće buduće pravno uređenje razmatranih aspekata predmetnog odvajanja neovisnog operatora prijenosa od ostatka vertikalno integrirane strukture.

Towards a Testbed for Dependable Power Distribution Grids

The evolution of power grids into digitized smart grids (SGs) brings about promising opportunities but also considerable challenges. On the one hand, smart grids promise more efficient, sustainable and reliable operation while providing more market functions and better customer service. On the other, however, the distributed nature of power generation in SGs poses challenges w.r.t. dependable distributed command and control (C2), digital service provisioning, and secure and reliable data communication. 
 
 Distributed C2 of systems such as SGs hinges on reliable, timely and secure data communication. Thus, future SGs will be fully digitized. As such, for dependable SGs, novel, secure, resilient methods and communication protocols must be developed. In order to do so, a novel hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed should be developed and used to validate the research that is capable of accurately modelling both the digital IT networks that control the SG, as well as the SG's power infrastructure -- from big transformer substations to pro-sumer households. There is a general lack of hardware integrated test-beds that focus on the distributed control and wireless edge networks for smart grids. In this paper, we demonstrate a cyber-physical testbed development framework, which we believe to help the researchers to in the development future cyber-physical testbeds.

Extending Attack Graphs to Represent Cyber-Attacks in Communication Protocols and Modern IT Networks

An attack graph is a method used to enumerate the possible paths that an attacker can take in the organizational network. MulVAL is a known open-source framework used to automatically generate attack graphs. MulVAL's default modeling has two main shortcomings. First, it lacks the ability to represent network protocol vulnerabilities, and thus it cannot be used to model common network attacks, such as ARP poisoning. Second, it does not support advanced types of communication, such as wireless and bus communication, and thus it cannot be used to model cyber-attacks on networks that include IoT devices or industrial components. In this article, we present an extended network security model for MulVAL that: (1) considers the physical network topology, (2) supports short-range communication protocols, (3) models vulnerabilities in the design of network protocols, and (4) models specific industrial communication architectures. Using the proposed extensions, we were able to model multiple attack techniques including: spoofing, man-in-the-middle, and denial of service attacks, as well as attacks on advanced types of communication. We demonstrate the proposed model in a testbed which implements a simplified network architecture comprised of both IT and industrial components.

Information Security and Adoptable Solutions in the Implementation of Industry 4.0 Strategy for the Fourth-generation Industrial Revolution

Industry 4.0 is recognized as the fourth-generation industrial revolution, which can drive the development of the world’s smart manufacturing industry. The information security in the implementation of Industry 4.0 strategy was analyzed in this article. The specific measures to ensure the information security of Industry 4.0 were proposed from the perspectives of industrial control system security strategy, security measures, security awareness, data security protection, data security responsibility, and encryption technology. Furthermore, the distributed control system and IT network security communication platform construction are applied to solve the information security problem of Industry 4.0. The adoptable solutions will provide an important reference to maintain the information security of Industry 4.0.

Monitoring of Structural Safety of Buildings Using Wireless Network of MEMS Sensors

The 21st century abounds in modern electronic-information technologies, which are applied in many areas of life. Amongst many modern technologies there is also the Internet of Things (IoT) that is the concept of incorporating objects and devices equipped with a communication interface into the telecommunication and IT networks. This particular feature makes IoT a paradigm that can be successfully applied to measurement systems used in research in civil engineering, especially using a wireless sensor network deployed in scattered research locations. In turn, technological progress in the miniaturization of sensors and controllers allows the construction of very efficient and low-cost systems for monitoring the physical parameters of buildings, which are safety indicators. The main purpose of this paper is to present the concept of wireless network of MEMS-based sensors with particular emphasis on its application in monitoring of structural safety including the author’s own system based on Long Range (LoRa) technology. The exact novelty of the proposed concept is the synergistic synthesis of solutions in the field of electronics, micromechanics and computer science, applied for civil engineering purposes. The system consists of MEMS accelerometers based on MPU6050 chips and A1302 Hall-effect sensors supported by AVR microcontrollers and LoRa transceivers based on RF98 chips operating at 433 MHz. The prototype of the measuring network was installed in a selected university building in which structural discontinuities (wall cracks) were noted. Sample results of measurements of the impact of service loads on the building structure behavior were presented in the form of accelerograms.

SCADA Vulnerabilities and Existing Security Approaches Towards Industrial Protection

Attackers, spread all around the world, have become a major threat to SCADA systems, since they started using opened-standard networks, integrated to corporate networks and accessing the Internet. It is true that there are also many different security solutions and techniques available, such as firewalls, encryption, network traffic analysis and a few others, though, intruders still managed to gain access and control delicate systems. Pointed as a non-invasive solution, intrusion detection systems (IDS) are able to monitor and report activities of any anomaly or strange patterns. However, due to the lack of SCADA network traffic data, such IDS solutions are still primitive and based on just well-known vulnerabilities and attacks, where a dedicated IDS is necessary to properly protect SCADA in water distribution systems. This study highlights SCADA vulnerabilities and security issues, through a qualitative approach, using known attacks and examples in security as case studies and aiming to present scenarios on this issue, as well, an overview of today’s SCADA vulnerabilities and main threats. Results show that the identification of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), with their approaches and types, also widely implemented in regular IT networks, help on providing a higher security level and identifying abnormal traffic data. Such systems have indeed shown a good success rate on identifying malicious traffic in SCADA networks, mainly because of their evolution to Ethernet and open communication protocols. Based on these singular characteristics, studying SCADA networks and their communication protocols is seen as a major factor to properly develop robust security mechanisms and tolls.

Diverse Methods for Signature based Intrusion Detection Schemes Adopted

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is used as a tool to detect intrusions on IT networks, providing support in network monitoring to identify and avoid possible attacks. Most such approaches adopt Signature-based methods for detecting attacks which include matching the input event to predefined database signatures. Signature based intrusion detection acts as an adaptable device security safeguard technology. This paper discusses various Signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems and their advantages; given a set of signatures and basic patterns that estimate the relative importance of each intrusion detection system feature, system administrators may help identify cyber-attacks and threats to the network and Computer system. Eighty percent of incidents can be easily and promptly detected using signature-based detection methods if used as a precautionary phase for vulnerability detection and twenty percent rest by anomaly-based intrusion detection system that involves comparing definitions of normal activity or event behavior with observed events in identifying the significant deviations and deciding the traffic to flag.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) adoption and implementation enablers in AEC firms: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Building Information Modelling (BIM) has gained much attention in recent years, as both a new innovation and methodology. Many architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) firms have reported significant competitive advantages following its implementation. Despite the variety of benefits that BIM offers, its potential has not yet been fully realised. A key reason for this can be located in the difficulties of implementation at the organisational level; a process that demands significant changes in organisational business structure. However, there exists little extensive study on the analysis and synthesis of the literature surrounding organisational BIM implementation. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on studies from 2004 to July 2019 to allow for a thorough synthesis of the existing BIM literature, innovation management, and information technology domains to identify BIM adoption and implementation enablers. Of the 80 selected studies, 27 enablers were identified to contribute to a more comprehensive utilisation of BIM at the organisational level. These included strategic initiatives, cultural readiness, learning capacity, knowledge capability and IT leveragability, network relationships, process and performance management, and change management practices. The role each implementation enabler has in IT-equipped innovations generally and to BIM implementation specifically is discussed throughout. The results of this paper seek to aid AEC firms in gauging the organisational readiness of the implementation process as well as the required interventions and capability development for successful BIM implementation overall.

Identification and Quantification of Cybersecurity Risk by Likelihood-Severity, Incident-Response and Organizational Asset Valuation Framework

With the business disruptive translation of IT systems and networks, Cyber (Cybersecurity)-Risk has increased manifold over the past decade. The Zero-day attacks are now common phenomena. Tightening of security controls are not strictly sufficient to contain cyber security risks and to combat cyber warfare. Establishing threat intelligence platform and cyber-risk analysis, prevention and mitigation within an organization is now becoming indispensable for organizations to perform. This paper identifies the requirement of quantification of cyber security risks and further delves into cyber risk quantification methods by proposing qualitative and quantitative approaches for quantifying, equating and calculating cyber-risk. The paper further proposes three frameworks i.e., Likelihood-Severity, Incident-Response and Organizational Asset Valuation Framework to identify and quantify cyber-risk and risks associated with information infrastructure. It is held that Identification, Earmarking and Valuation of business critical assets, systems and information strive towards risk reduction, mitigation and operational excellence.

Let's Share the Resource When We’re Co-Located: Colocation Edge Computing

Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is recently acknowledged as one of the key pillars for the next revolution of mobile communications area, where the convergence of IT and telecommunications network provides the low latency and computation capability for cellular base stations (BSs). As a result, this is a great opportunity for mobile network operators by deploying new services and applications at BSs. Nevertheless, huge capital and operational cost can challenge mobile operators for the deployment of new BSs and MEC micro-datacenters. Colocation Edge Computing (ColoMEC) is a new concept where multiple operators share not only the same BS tower but also their radio and computation resources colocated at the edge sites. In order to reduce the operational cost of a ColoMEC system, the limited bandwidth at over-utilized colocation BSs can be extended by sharing the bandwidth among BSs, while shared MEC micro-datacenters can be scaled based on the arrival traffic loads. Thus, sharing the BS infrastructure, bandwidth, and MEC micro-datacenters among the co-located mobile operators can be an economical solution to provide high-performance services with low expenses by exploiting the temporal and spatial difference in traffic loads. Turning this vision into reality, we study a joint bandwidth allocation sharing and MEC micro-datacenter scaling in ColoMEC management problem ( $\mathbf {ColoMEC-MP}$ ). To solve $\mathbf {ColoMEC-MP}$ problem, we propose an algorithm based on proximal block coordinate descent technique by iteratively solving the decoupled convex subproblems (i.e., user association, bandwidth allocation, and MEC micro-datacenter scaling) with additional proximal terms. To improve the convergence of the proposed algorithm, we propose a greedy initialization for the user association which is based on the link capacity at each user. Our simulation demonstrates the superiority of the algorithm in terms of the operational cost compared with fixed service rate of shared MEC micro-datacenters strategies.