IT Enterprises Research Articles

Внесок України в розвиток міжнародного ринку ІТ-послуг

Today, information technology in one way or another covers almost all spheres of human life. The world economy is gradually moving into the Internet space. In the context of globalization of the economy, the competitiveness of the State is increasingly determined by the degree of development and practical use of information technologies, which today are an instrument for the development of the modern economy. The article graphically presents the dependence of the level of economic development of countries on the level of spending on information technology. The classical structure of the IT sector and legislative definition of the main categories, including: information service, information product and information technology, are provided. Ukraine’s positions in international IT ratings and in some related rankings are determined. It is determined that in recent years Ukrainian IT enterprises occupy advanced or leading positions and demonstrate positive dynamics of their own activities. The reasons for this rise, despite the general economic backwardness, can be considered an impressive growth of the software development market, as evidenced by statistics of the World Bank, PwC, the Association «IT-Ukrayina» and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The structure and dynamics of exports of IT services in Ukraine is analyzed. The main consumers have been identified. The analysis of tax revenues to the State budget from the activities of IT enterprises and freelancers in this sphere is carried out. It is defined that the growth of demand for Ukrainian IT services is facilitated by: financial factor, slight sensitivity of IT in Ukraine to economic fluctuations, prestige of work in the IT sphere in Ukraine, historically strong side of technical education, reduction of bureaucracy and positive trends in the taxation system, geographical location of the country. In addition, the largest asset of the IT industry in Ukraine is a huge pool of IT professionals, which has no analogues in the quality of skills.

Performance Evaluation of Docker Container and Virtual Machine

Abstract Server virtualization is a technological innovation broadly used in IT enterprises. Virtualization provides a platform to run different services of operating systems on the cloud. It facilitates to build multiple virtual machines on a single basic physical machine either in the form of hypervisors or containers. To host many microservice applications, the emergent technology has introduced a model which consists of different operations performed by smaller individual deployed services. Thus, the demand for low-overhead virtualization technique is rapidly developing. There are many lightweight virtualization technologies; docker is one among them, which is an open-source platform. This technology allows developers and system admins to build, create, and run applications using docker engine. This paper provides the performance evaluation of Docker containers and virtual machines using standard benchmark tools such as Sysbench, Phoronix, and Apache benchmark, which include CPU performance, Memory throughput, Storage read/write performance, load test, and operation speed measurement.

Analysis and Definition of Factors influencing Work Life Balance of women professionals in Information Technology enterprises in India

The IT industry has seen a phenomenal growth in India. It has been an enabler for educated women by providing them unprecedented career opportunities, financial security, status and immense prospects. However, career advancement of women in IT enterprises is ridden with multi-dimensional challenges emerging at the organisation workplace, family and the social sphere that affect the work-life balance. The objective of this paper is to analyse and define the predominant factors affecting work-life balance of women professionals working in the IT industry. Data analysis and reduction was achieved through factor analysis (using SPSS). Further regression analysis was used to find the significance and weightage of the factors. The study engaged 375 IT professional women in Bangalore, the largest IT city in India. The work-life balance factors of single women, married women and married women with children were found to differ significantly. The insights are discussed herewith.

Ensure Hierarchal Identity Based Data Security in Cloud Environment

Cloud computing has emerged as a new promising field in the internet. It can be thought as a new architecture for the next generation of IT enterprises. It allows the user to access virtualized resources over the internet which can be dynamically scaled. Here, the owner's data is stored at a distributed data centre, which are responsible for its security constraints such as access control and data transmission to user. As the owner does not have physical access on their own data, the data centres are not trustworthy, this resulted in the cloud data security demand. Today, many cloud service providers (CSPs) are using the asymmetric and public key cryptography (PKG) for authenticating and data security purposes using the digital identity of the user. To this end, this article focuses on cloud data storage and its delivery to authorized user. For this purpose, a hierarchal identity-based cryptography method is used for data security and checking the data integrity, in order to make sure that there is no alteration or modification done by a malicious attacker or CSP for its own benefit.

Performance of Proposed Architecture for Data Transactions in Cloud using D1FTBC

Cloud is a major requirement for data storage and computing power, without user direct performance. Cloud computing is a famous option for IT industries, enterprises, and government sectors because it provides everything as a service based on user demand. Cloud computing is a better environment for handling a large amount of data which is produced by social networks, health industries, transactional, etc., However, cloud has some issues during the data transaction, many researchers have proposed models and solutions for these problems but still maintaining consistency during the transaction is the biggest problem, it is one of the important properties in ACID. Further, secured architecture is another important issue in cloud environment. So this paper proposes a secured architecture and efficient D1FTBC approach for cloud data transaction. The performance analyses are evaluated at various levels. This research work may lead the transaction processing applications like banking, online reservations and shopping cart etc.,

Development of an ontological model for the domain of it enterprise sustainable development

The object of research is the sustainable development of IT enterprises. One of the most problematic places is the specification of the subject area, taking into account the specific activity of the IT enterprise. Today, there is a certain amount of research in the field of sustainable development, however, given the specific nature of the IT enterprise, namely that its main asset is software development, there are no researches related to the analysis of the sustainable development of IT enterprises. That is why, above all, the question arises in the representation of knowledge about the subject area. As a result, it is important to develop a model that displays the domain objects and the links between them. Such a tool is ontologies, which are a formalized representation of domain knowledge. The paper discusses the problem of building an ontology for a subject area of sustainable development of an IT enterprise, which includes the following steps:– justification of the use of ontologies for domain modelling;– a brief description of the basic steps of building an ontology in accordance with the IDEF5 standard.The collection and source analysis for the formation of verbal subject domain specifications. It should be noted that the developed ontology includes three types of representation: verbal, graphic and analytical. Within this paper, only two representations (graphical and analytical) are given. The IDEF5 Schematic Language (SL) was used to graphically represent the ontology, which includes several types of ontology diagrams. In the framework of our study, we used the Composition Schematics, which is a mechanism for graphically representing the composition of ontology classes. For analytic representation, predicate calculations were used, because with increasing and refining the ontology of the subject area, this mathematical apparatus ensures the reliability of the results. The developed ontology involves refinement and expansion in accordance with the requirements of projects where this ontology will be used, for example, to develop an expert system for solving problems of the subject area.

Person-Job Fit and Innovation Behavior: Roles of Job Involvement and Career Commitment.

This study examines the effect of person–job fit on innovation behavior, highlighting the mediating role of job involvement and the moderating role of career commitment in this relationship. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 474 employees from 30 IT enterprises in China’s Pearl River Delta region. The results reveal that person–job fit influences innovation behavior by enhancing job involvement. In addition, career commitment strengthens the positive influence of person–job fit on both job involvement and innovation behavior. These findings are consistent with person–environment fit theory and identity theory. This research increases understanding of how person–job fit influences innovation behavior via job involvement and career commitment. Implications and managerial practice are also discussed at the end of the research.

The efficiency of investment in human capital in IT enterprises

Abstract The paper presents some of the results of the research with the orientation on human capital and its efficiency. Human capital, as the sum of intangible qualities and features such as knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes and talent, represents an essential resource for the value creation, mainly within the field of knowledge-intensive industries. This is, for example, the case of the enterprises conducting business in the environment of information technology, more specifically, the enterprises creating software products or providing the services related. Within this paper, the broad topic of human capital is approached from the perspective of investment in this intangible asset. The attention is paid to the forms and focus of investment efforts of enterprises. An important question is whether these efforts are in alignment with what is considered to be the most important in the present, rapidly-changing environment. Proper investment in human capital is necessary for the enterprise to become flexible enough to be able to adapt to new, emerging trends. However, when investing in the human capital available, enterprises need to deal with the efficiency of this activity as well. Therefore, they need proper ways of evaluating whether the investment was efficient. The paper presents suggestions for the solution of this matter, based on the opinions of academics, other researchers and especially the practitioners – the managers of enterprises. The investment in human capital needs to be connected to the metrics and indicators suitably representing the performance and the competitiveness of enterprises. The methods for the evaluation of the efficiency of investment in human capital must be specific enough to capture the essence of this asset but, at the same time, they need to be applicable for the operation of enterprises and for their managerial processes. The characteristic features of such investment cannot be omitted since they affect the substantial parts of the whole evaluation. For example, there is a significant imminent risk of losing an employee who was the target of valuable investment in his/her human capital when he/she decides to leave the enterprise. This underpins the purpose of research within the field of efficiency of investment in human capital as one of the core issues of the concept denoted as human capital management. The aim of this paper is to reveal the current situation of the process of investment in human capital being performed in IT enterprises operating in the Slovak Republic. These enterprises with their solutions have an important role in the sector of transport as well, as it is described in the paper. Two groups of data were used. The primary data were represented by the answers of human resources managers to the questions in the survey. This questionnaire survey was conducted in 2018, focusing on IT enterprises operating in the Slovak Republic. The enterprises were addressed directly, on a random basis. There were 115 IT enterprises participating in this research. The secondary data represented the opinions of software developers working in the Slovak Republic, collected by a professional organization in 2018. There were 617 respondents answering the questions. The methods of statistical description and analysis of the data included the frequencies of individual answers with their total percentages and the χ2 test applied to identify possible associative relationship between the sets of categorical data entries.

INFLUENCE OF MANAGERS COMPETENCIES ON THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLISH IT COMPANIES

Undertaking the issues presented in the article indicates the importance of knowledge and leadership in management. The review of managerial competencies, including the comparison of the level of knowledge, skills and experience of managers, is the basis for competition mainly in the aspect of human resources through the management of their intellectual potential. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the importance of the competence of managers responsible for market building and development of IT enterprises. The authors presented the definition of competences, motivation of managers and the role of the sought competences in the international development of the organization. The research presented in the article shows which competences are most valued among managers responsible for the development of IT companies. They also show the plans and willingness of small and medium-sized Polish technology companies to further expand their activities on foreign markets. In this context, the concept of managers‘ competence and their motivation becomes crucial to international develop the polish companies.

Leadership styles and knowledge workers’ work engagement: Psychological capital as a mediator

This study explored the mechanism underlying the effects of leadership styles on work engagement among knowledge workers. Data were collected among employees working in three IT enterprises in Henan, China. We adopted a two-wave cross-lagged design with a time gap of four months. The statistical methods included descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling (SEM), and bootstrap analysis. The results showed: (1) transformational and transactional leadership positively predicted knowledge workers’ psychological capital and work engagement; in comparison to transactional leadership, transformational leadership had stronger effects on knowledge workers’ psychological capital and work engagement; (2) knowledge workers’ psychological capital positively predicted their work engagement; and (3) knowledge workers’ psychological capital partially mediated the effects of leadership styles on their work engagement.

СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

The article highlights the essence of the "market of innovative IT products", "enterprises engaged in the development of innovative IT products", "innovation management system". Identified types (founded - enterprises directly involved in the development, implementation and maintenance of IT and IS; supporting - enterprises whose main activity is, first, assistance to enterprises of the first group in the field of IT, is enterprises engaged in IT consulting, and, secondly, the provision of services in the field of solving general issues of informatization of consumer enterprises of IT products) and the advantages of IT enterprises as subjects of innovation (flexibility; speed of implementation, adaptation and maintenance; maneuverability; personnel mobility; organizational mobility; tax and organizational support of small business by state, regional and local authorities; weak formalization). It is noted that one of the most important problems of innovative activity of IT enterprises is the organization of this activity, the problem of building an effective management system (IMS). The peculiarities of SU innovation activities of IT enterprises are presented, as well as the main tasks that need to be solved (improvement of mechanisms of interaction between participants of innovation activities; conducting effective economic policy on participants of innovation activities, stimulating extrabudgetary financing, creating institutional and legal conditions projects, creation and development of innovation infrastructure facilities, networks of organizations providing consulting services in the field of innovation in the field of IT). The system of management of innovative activity of the enterprises of the sphere of information technologies is developed. It is proposed to express innovative processes in the activities of IT enterprises in the existing system by organizational and economic identifiers (effectiveness; level of implementation of tasks; adaptability; productivity; duration; cost of the process; efficiency; consumption).

Coaching: a plus (+) to managerial skills

The present analysis is about coaching and its benefits to the managerial position. It is a descriptive and analytical research analysis based on primary data collected using a questionnaire. The sample comprises 190 managers of all types of 'IT and communications Greek enterprises' (SEPE), from small to multinational ones. The sample was analysed to investigate whether coaching is significant as a process to the administrative role of managers. The results indicated that managers have a clear perception of coaching though they do not trust the process as far as it concerns how beneficiary as a process is. They found it quite challenging to insert coaching as a process to the companies they work in though they recognised that it is all about lack of knowledge to use this tool correctly. So, it appears that coaching is very effectual and well known in Western countries, Greek organisations, companies and smaller businesses. But its use is somewhat limited or non-existent.

STRATEGY OF HR DEVELOPMENT AT HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES

The subject matter of the study is the mechanism of functioning and development of HR high-tech enterprise. In Ukraine, the most high-tech sector of the economy is represented by the information technology sector, namely the sub-sector of the development and implementation of information products and services. The relevance of researching HR processes in high-tech enterprises is due not only to the rapid growth of the IT sector of the Ukrainian market, but also to the need to study the work of the HR system taking into account the stages of the life cycle of such an enterprise. The development of a high-tech sector requires the continuous development of HR methods and tools. The goal of the work is to study the current state and directions of HR development in IT enterprises in accordance with the stages of the life cycle of such enterprises. The objectives of the work are to summarize the existing practical trends in HR and to study their structural characteristics; to improve the criterial approach to determining the relationship between the stage of the life cycle of a high-tech enterprise and the stage of development of the HR service. The general scientific and applied methods of theoretical and empirical research were used in the work: observation, comparison and analysis of empirical data, generalization, synthesis - for posing a problem, studying the laws of the development of the object of research; statistical - to assess the current state of the industry; graphic - to illustrate the results of the activities of enterprises and the formulation of findings of the studies. The result of the research is the formation of the fundamentals of a criterial approach to determining the relationship between the stage of the life cycle of a high-tech enterprise and the stage of development of the HR based on the ordering of existing trends in the field of HR. It is determined that strategic direction for modern enterprises is creation of HR-business partner, which will allow to solve complex problems of modern adaptive HR management tasks. The proposed indicators of HR performance evaluation depending on the stage of HR development.

Data Integrity Techniques in Cloud Computing: An Analysis

Cloud computing has been envisioned as the definite and concerning solution to the rising storage costs of IT Enterprises. There are many cloud computing initiatives from IT giants such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM. Integrity monitoring is essential in cloud storage for the same reasons that data integrity is critical for any data centre. Data integrity is defined as the accuracy and consistency of stored data, in absence of any alteration to the data between two updates of a file or record. In order to ensure the integrity and availability of data in Cloud and enforce the quality of cloud storage service, efficient methods that enable on-demand data correctness verification on behalf of cloud users have to be designed. To overcome data integrity problem, many techniques are proposed under different systems and security models. This paper will focus on some of the integrity proving techniques in detail along with their advantages and disadvantages.

An Empirical Performance Evaluation of Docker Container, Openstack Virtual Machine and Bare Metal Server

<p>Server virtualization is a fundamental technological innovation that is used extensively in IT enterprises. Server virtualization enables creation of multiple virtual machines on single underlying physical machine. It is realized either in form of hypervisors or containers. Hypervisor is an extra layer of abstraction between the hardware and virtual machines that emulates underlying hardware. In contrast, the more recent container-based virtualization technology runs on host kernel without additional layer of abstraction.Thus container technology is expected to provide near native performance compared to hypervisor based technology. We have conducted a series of experiments to measure and compare the performance of workloads over hypervisor based virtual machines, Docker containers and native bare metal machine. We use a standard benchmark workload suite that stress CPU, memory, disk IO and system. The results obtained show that Docker containers provide better or similar performance compared to traditional hypervisor based virtual machines in almost all the tests. However as expected the native system still provides the best performance as compared to either containers or hypervisors.</p>

Liderazgos más efectivos en las empresas desarrolladoras de tecnología de clase mundial

Este abordaje empírico de tipo cualitativo, contempla de forma descriptiva, el análisis del rendimiento del Capital Humano en relación al tipo de liderazgo ejercido en las empresas desarrolladoras de tecnología de clase mundial, con la finalidad de determinar qué tipo de metodología gerencial (tipo de liderazgo) resulta más eficiente y eficaz en términos de utilidades (a través del I+D+i).Esta investigación se estructuró en 3 segmentos importantes:El estudio de “Como Dirigir Equipos Virtuales”, análisis de Holger Ernst y Martin Hoegl de Harvard Deusto Business Review.El análisis de la Teoría Transformacional, de Bernard Bass y Burns.El contraste de los rasgos entre los líderes clave, de las Empresas Virtuales en el mundo (Apple, Google, Microsoft y Facebook).Los cuales se presentarán articulados de forma tal, los tipos de liderazgos imperan en las empresas de corte mundial en este sector, así como del tipo de liderazgo, que resulta más provechoso para las organizaciones de esta magnitud.El resultado de esta investigación, se espera fomente el análisis de futuras optimizaciones, enfocadas hacia del capital humano en las empresas de corte mundial, en el rubro virtual.

Research and implementation of software automatic test

With the fast development in IT technology nowadays, software is increasingly complex and large. Hundreds of people in the development team, thousands of modules and interfaces, across geographies and systems user are no longer a fresh thing. All of these put forward higher requirements for software testing. Due to the low cost of implementation and the advantage of effective inheritance and accumulation of test assets, software automation testing has gradually become one of the important means to ensure the quality of software for IT enterprises. This paper analyzes the advantages of automatic test, common misconceptions; puts forward unsuitable application scenarios and the best time to intervene; focus on the analysis of the feasibility of judging the interface automation test; and puts forward the function and elements of interface automatic test tools to have; provides a reference for large-scale project interface automated testing tool selection or custom development.

THE RESEARCH OF THE LEADING POSITION OF A SMALL ENTERPRISE IN THE FIELD OF MARKET RELATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF IT SERVICES CONSIDERING THE FREELANCE RESOURCE

The subject of research. IT enterprise activities and methods of staff quantity optimization under the terms of freelance resources attracting with the aim of taking leadership positions in the market for IT services. Methodology: during the research, the following scientific methods are used – the methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparative analysis (studying demand and supply of freelance-resource of small IT enterprises), the economic-statistical method (statistical analysis of empirical data, analysis of variation series of demand and supply distribution of freelance applications for a small IT enterprise). The purpose of scientific research: the purpose of the article is to provide theoretical justification for using freelance-resource within a small IT enterprise under the terms of freelance services demand and supply studying, which allows taking leading positions in the field of market relations in the sphere of IT services. The conclusion of the research: the calculation of the full-time employees’ optimal quantity of small IT-company is made, which is the most important task of determining the reasonable need for staff to ensure the company’s leading position in the field of market relations of IT services. The purpose of the paper is to the research the competitive advantages and a leading position of a small company in the dimension of global market relations in the field of services, which is determined the use of online freelanceresource by small IT enterprises. This approach belongs to the strategic management of expenditures of a small enterprise, which is the basis of the effective resources using a small enterprise and there is a prerequisite for establishing its leading position. The scientific achievements, which consider freelance-resource in the context of the export-oriented sphere of services as a new vector of the economic growth of Ukraine, are systematized; the author’s approach to the definition of the category of “freelancers” and the consideration of the essence of freelance activity special features are presented. To determine the minimization of expenditures, the activity of a small IT enterprise is analysed, within which full-time employees are working, whose employment depends on the number of freelance-applications for jobs, which are receiving over a period of time for the IT enterprise needs. The statistical analysis of demand and supply within a small IT enterprise is proposed, which determines the optimal quantity of full-time employees who complete the technical tasks based on the freelance-resource, which enables a small IT enterprise to take a leading position in the field of market relations among similar small enterprises. Today, in the new concepts of the network economy and the global reputation economy, there are trends that represent an objective reflection of modern transformational changes in the economy, which are associated with the use of freelance-resource, which is an essential factor in establishing the leading positions of enterprises in competitive markets.

Remote Evaluation of Software Engineering Competences

The paper focuses on and examines the issues and problems related to remote evaluation of software engineering competences using progressive competence representation model. Authors suggested original approach for Master Program in Software Engineering competence evaluation as a combination academic competences and professional competences from European Competence model (e-CF). Examples of competence description for 16 subjects from proposed a Joint Master Program in Software Engineering are developed. Several types of scoring rubrics for Software Engineering competences evaluation are reviewed and rubrics’ templates created. The developed models and templates can be used by universities and IT enterprises for training results evaluation as well as for competence evaluation for Software Engineering Master program's graduates.

Relationship among Organization-Public Relationships, External Reputation and Job Satisfaction of Workers in Small and Medium-sized IT Enterprises

Relationship among Organization-Public Relationships, External Reputation and Job Satisfaction of Workers in Small and Medium-sized IT Enterprises