Issues Of Anonymity Research Articles

A Survey on Feasibility and Suitability of Blockchain Techniques for the E-Voting Systems

In the second decade of the 21st century, blockchain definitely became one of the most trending computational technologies. This research aims to question the feasibility and suitability of using blockchain technology within e-voting systems, regarding both technical and non-technical aspects. In today's world, although the course of this spreading is considerably slow, several countries already use means of e-voting due to many social and economic reasons, which we further investigated. Nevertheless, the number of countries offering various e-government solutions, apart from e-voting, is significantly high. E-voting systems, naturally, require much more attention and assurance regarding potential security and anonymity issues, since voting is one of the few extremely critical governmental processes. Nevertheless, e-voting is not purely a governmental service, but many companies and nonprofit organizations would benefit the cost-efficiency, scalability, remote accessibility, and ease of use that it provides. Blockchain technology is claimed to be able to address some, obviously not all, important security concerns, including anonymity, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. The analysis results presented in this article mostly confirm these claims.

Cost and anonymity as factors for the effective implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis: an observational study among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Singapore.

Recruitment was conducted through Grindr®, a geosocial networking application for GBMSM. Results were quantitatively analysed through descriptive statistics and multivariate Poisson regression models, while open-ended responses were qualitatively coded and categorised. Of the 1339 participants who responded, 1098 participants who indicated their knowledge and use of PrEP were included in the analytic sample. Overall, 15.0% (n=154) had taken PrEP, 66.2% (n=678) had heard of but not taken PrEP, while 18.8% (n=193) had never heard of PrEP. Of those who had ever taken PrEP, 59.6% (n=90) had obtained PrEP from overseas or other unofficial sources. Of those who had heard of but never taken PrEP, 73.3% (n=486) reported that they would consider taking PrEP. Those who had taken PrEP were older and had higher educational attainment. The gap between the willingness to use PrEP and its uptake may be attributed to the cost of PrEP and issues of anonymity at healthcare settings in Singapore. National financing schemes are needed to expand access to PrEP if it is to make a meaningful effect to the Singapore HIV/AIDS response.

Enhancing Packet-Level Security in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Objectives: To enhance the improved security-aware packet scheduling for improving the packet level security in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). The dependency and anonymity issues in security-aware packet scheduling are considered and removed by the proposed approach. Methods: The major challenge in MANET was the packet level security in multiple levels. The network performance was degraded due to contravene in packet level security which causes high packet loss. To overcome this challenge, an Improved Security-Aware Packet Scheduling (ISAPS) was proposed for achieving high level security and effective packet scheduling. Findings: In ISAPS, the packets from the multiple nodes were considered as independent to each other. In addition, the computational complexity and energy consumption were high. The correlation of the multiple dependency packets were degraded the network performance due to representing the dependencies and scalability. The efficiency of security was less since the source node and their packets were easily identified by the attacker. Improvements: These issues are avoided by proposed inter and intra service dependencies based ISAPS algorithm. Furthermore, the anonymity concept is included with the security-aware packet scheduling algorithm for improving the efficiency of security by secure routing protocol. Keywords: Anonymity, Attacker, Dependency, Packet Level Security, Packet Scheduling

Efficient authentication protocol for secure multimedia communications in IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks

In current times, multimedia application includes integrated sensors, mobile networks and Internet-of-Things (IoT) services. In IoT services, if more devices are connected without much constrains, the problem of security, trust and privacy remain a challenge. For multimedia communications through Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), sensor nodes transmit confidential data to the gateway nodes via public channels. In such an environment, the security remains a serious issue from past many years. Only few works are available to support secure multimedia communications performed in IoT-enabled WSNs. Among the few works, Kumari and Om recently proposed an authentication protocol for multimedia communications in IoT-enabled WSNs, which is applicable in coal mine for safety monitoring. The authors claimed in their work that their contributory protocol strongly withstands several security threats such as, user impersonation attack, sensor node impersonation attack, sensor node anonymity issue and others technical design issues. However, this article proved that Kumari and Om’s protocol has some design flaws and is susceptible to various security attacks including, user and sensor node impersonation attacks. As a remedy, a robust authentication protocol using smartcard is constructed to solve the security issues found in Kumari and Om’s protocol. The proof of correctness of mutual authentication is performed using the BAN logic model. In addition, our further security investigation claimed strong protection against known security attacks. Our protocol is analyzed comprehensively and compared against the similar protocols and the results showed that it is efficient and robust than earlier protocols.

MEREGUK KENIKMATAN DI DUNIA MAYA: VIRTUALITAS DAN PENUBUHAN DALAM CYBERSEX

Dubbed methaporically as “sex without secretions”, cybersex has transformed the sexual practice and the meaning of erotica. This article seeks to explore the issues of sexuality in cyberspace, particularly its virtuality and embodiment in cybersex. Many discussions on cybersex revolve around issues of accessibility, affordability and anonymity that draw sharp lines between the real and the virtual. Therefore, in this article I argue that cybersex does not completely distinct from sexuality in the real world due to the interpenetration process between sex in the virtual and real world.

Using patients as educators for communication skills: Exploring dental students' and patients' views.

A qualitative study to explore the issues for patients and students when giving feedback on the communication of dental students. The Department of Health and National Institute for Health Research are committed to involving patients in improving clinical education, research and service delivery. Yet, there is a limited body of evidence on the perceptions of patients when asked to be involved in this way, and specifically when asked to provide feedback on the communication skills of dental students. This study seeks to address this gap and heighten the understanding of the issues faced by patients when asked to be involved in clinical education. Data were collected using focus groups with dental students (n=10) and patients (n=8) being treated by these students. Both groups were asked about their thoughts, feelings and beliefs about patients being asked to provide feedback on the communication skills of dental students. Data analysis involved inductive thematic analysis of transcribed audio recordings. Four themes emerged from the data: "legitimacy," "co-educators," "maintaining the equilibrium of the patient-student relationship" and the "timing of patient feedback." Support for involving patients in giving feedback on students' communication skills was established, with patients considering they were best placed to comment on the communication skills of dental students. Patients and students do not want to provide feedback alone and want support to assist them, especially if feedback was negative. Issues of anonymity, confidentiality and ownership of the feedback process were worrisome, and the positioning of patient feedback in the programme was seen as critical. Patients and students are willing to engage in patient feedback on students' communication skills, and with support and training, the concerns around this are not insurmountable and the benefits could potentially profit both groups. These findings have resonance with other healthcare educators when using patients as educators in the development of communication skills.

Researching up and across in physical education and sport pedagogy: methodological lessons learned from an intergenerational narrative inquiry

Of issue in this paper are the ways in which different forms of narrative may be of value in undertaking research in potentially thorny situations. The project that inspired this paper saw 30 Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy (PESP) Early Career Academics (ECAs) from more than 20 universities across Australasia, North America and Europe, provide narrative accounts of their ongoing academic experiences. From these stories, three letters seeking advice and guidance from leaders in the field were constructed. Following further feedback from the ECAs, the 3 letters were sent to 11 professors in the PESP field with a request to respond, also in letter form. The composite letters and the professorial responses were then the subject of a symposium at an international PESP conference. While the larger project engages with questions of being and becoming an academic in the neoliberal university, this paper is primarily concerned with methodological issues, including our steps and missteps with narrative, inquiry and the field. More specifically, the focus is on narrative as both the method and phenomena of study. As such, we consider issues associated with using dialogue as data, the provocation of participants, as well as both the presentation and representation of data and the relative power of the participants. In doing so, we critically engage with issues of anonymity (or lack thereof), the practice of ‘researching up’ and finally reach the conclusion that the careful approach to data generation, treatment and presentation necessitated by this project, should be a more regular feature of all qualitative inquiry.

Information, transmission, secret : quel discours pour les enfants nés par don de gamètes ?

The number of children born through gamete donation grows by the conceptions made abroad. All the couples engaging in this process do not benefit from of the same support around the issues raised by the information to the child and its terms. Through a literature review, the authors explore the data on information intentions from parents to child and to entourage, the influence of the issue of anonymity, the effective rate information, the influences of the age of the child, the terms information and links with family dynamics. The quantitative findings underscore the complexity of this task, since 10–90 % of couples report an intention to inform their child from conception through donation, while 5–30 % actually inform them after birth. Fifty-nine to 93 % of the relatives are nevertheless informed. The authors will highlight the psychopathological tracks that support the possibility of narration for parents: the internalization of their infertility, the representation of the gift, the development of rivalry towards donors, the secrecy and privacy. The objective of this article is to enable carers to accompany this reflection among future parents, a better listening of the issues raise by the couples allowing shoring their process.

Investigating psychosocial attitudes, motivations and experiences of oocyte donors, recipients and egg sharers: a systematic review.

The donation of oocytes has been made feasible as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This treatment offers an answer for infertile women with ovarian conditions, such as primary ovarian insufficiency. Demand for oocyte donors has been on the rise globally, with infertile couples, as well as gay men, increasingly using it as a means to found their families. With an acute shortage of oocyte donors globally, the psychosocial aspects behind oocyte donation are important for fertility clinics to understand. This paper aims primarily to provide an up-to-date systematic review of the psychosocial aspects of oocyte donation from the point of view of oocyte donors and recipients and egg sharers. Its secondary aims are to explore the motives and experiences of donors as well as attitudes towards donor anonymity and disclosure. An emphasis has been placed on the analysis of donors in the UK. No review has analysed together the aforementioned donor groups along with recipient group. A systematic search of English peer-reviewed journals of four computerized databases was undertaken, with no time restriction set for publications. There were 62 studies which met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Attitudes towards donation were positive from both a donor oocyte and recipient point of view, with medical procedures being well tolerated and excellent post-donation satisfaction among all donor groups. There were distinct differences between the different donor groups and recipients in motivation for oocyte donation and decisions for disclosure. Attitudes towards anonymity issues were reassuring with a significant proportion of donors of all types willing to donate as identifiable donors. However, there were methodological limitations identified in the studies reviewed. This review successfully explored the important psychosocial aspects of oocyte donation. In general terms the attitudes and feeling of patients involved from all sides of the donation process were extremely positive. A number of key and consistent issues emerged which demonstrated differences and similarities between the different donor groups, as well as a greater understanding of the recipient. With regard to psychosocial well-being, the results were reassuring throughout all donor groups, especially the egg share donors. Although it seems the 2005 legislative changes in the UK have not caused the anticipated dramatic decrease in gamete donation, oocyte donation still falls far short of demand. The UK has an increasing population of patients from different ethnic backgrounds and same sex relationships seeking oocyte donation, with very few studies including these groups of patients. An increased number of well-designed studies looking into the psychological issues surrounding gamete donation of different patient groups, could allow more directed assessment and counselling of oocyte donors and recipients, with a resulting increase in donor recruitment.

A Critical Analysis of the Impact of Legal Restriction on Management and Performance of an Organisation Diversifying into Nigeria

Africa's economy is growing rapidly and Nigeria occupies a key place in this exponential growth. As the most populous country in Africa, the seventh most populous country in the world and reading available statistics on the growing rate of foreign investments in Nigeria and the future of the Nigerian economy, it is not out of place to conclude that Nigeria is a strategic market for all manner of foreign investments. Nigeria is renowned for her abundant mineral resources and her oil reserves have brought great revenues to her. Nigeria’s promising outlook for investment and future growth has been recognised among the Next Eight economies, as one of the countries with the potentials to becoming one of the largest economies in the 21st century alongside the leading emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China. Nigeria is largely a free market. The Government of Nigeria is gradually taking its hands off several sectors of the economy and there have been very serious talks about deregulating almost all sectors of the economy and various incentives that have been put in place to encourage investments. However there are certain legal issues under the political factor of a business environment that commonly arise and questions that often come up when foreign investors seek to invest in Nigeria. Nigeria’s laws, polices as well as treaties regarding such things as trade and tariffs regulate the entry of firms, performance of firms and survival of firms within its business environment which is of considerable importance to foreign investors. Nigeria is seen as an emerging market with great potentials, but unlike advanced economies, emerging markets suffer from weak institutions. This dissertation gives advance warning of some lurking problems, it is hoped that any prospective investor will be patient with the running of the course of government approvals, and accept with equanimity as yet unknown surprises and legal challenges. However the prospective investor should know that, in spite of the layers of bureaucracy, the Nigerian government is committed to attracting foreign investment and technology. In view of the current austerity programs, it is doubtful that additional incentives will be made available. This dissertation examined the legal gamut and framework governing foreign investors setting up a business in Nigeria. It highlights the regulatory bodies, processes and procedures that must be followed in obtaining business licences and permits; a critical analysis of the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria affecting foreign direct investment and elucidating on the incentives available to foreign investors coming to do business in Nigeria. This paper further discussed two points which are essential to an understanding of Nigerian law, government and practice. One is the good intentions of the government in encouraging foreign investors through incentives. Incentives provided for setting up a business for the purpose of foreign direct investment should be juxtaposed with the bureaucracy involved in getting these incentives. The second point which one must understand about Nigeria is the difference between the written law and practice. What the law says is not as meaningful as the way in which it is applied. Any government bureaucracy worthy of its existence tends to follow unique interpretations of the law, and the Nigerian ministries are no exception. Accordingly, an attempt is made to sort out the illusion of written laws and policy from the substantive ways Nigerian officials apply them and how it affects the performance and management of organisations. To do this a research study was carried out, the research focused on the legal and regulatory framework governing Dogan Nigeria Ltd. Dogan Nigeria Ltd is a European invested company for the purpose of producing quality sugar products in Nigeria. The company is a subsidiary of Ata Ltd. Co.; Ukraine's biggest and market leader cube sugar manufacturing company with more than 70% market share. The qualitative research method is employed describing in details specific situation using interviews as a research tool. The major limitations of this methodology are the issues of confidentiality and anonymity which pose problems during presentation of findings. The inductive approach is used to analyse the data gotten from the respondents using thematic content analysis method. From the analysis of the data, it is seen that there is a significant negative relationship between weak (legal) institutions and high profit, there is also a significant negative relationship between arbitrary change of the law and efficient organizational performance and there is a significant positive relationship between an economy with less political risk and high diversification of organization into that economy. The study also highlights the legal risk faced by foreign investors and the organisation as a result of the country’s weak institution, such risks are corruption, slow judicial system, change in laws and government policies, political unrest and insecurity and lack of infrastructure.

Cryptanalysis and Improvement of "A Secure Password Authentication Mechanism for Seamless Handover in Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networks".

Proxy Mobile IPv6 is a network-based localized mobility management protocol that supports mobility without mobile nodes’ participation in mobility signaling. The details of user authentication procedure are not specified in this standard, hence, many authentication schemes have been proposed for this standard. In 2013, Chuang et al., proposed an authentication method for PMIPv6, called SPAM. However, Chuang et al.’s Scheme protects the network against some security attacks, but it is still vulnerable to impersonation and password guessing attacks. In addition, we discuss other security drawbacks such as lack of revocation procedure in case of loss or stolen device, and anonymity issues of the Chuang et al.’s scheme. We further propose an enhanced authentication method to mitigate the security issues of SPAM method and evaluate our scheme using BAN logic.

Gamete donor anonymity and limits on numbers of offspring: the views of three stakeholders.

This paper discusses the attitudes of three groups of stakeholders in the world of assisted reproduction gamete donors, parents who use donated gamete, and offspring conceived with donated gametes with respect to the two issues of donor anonymity and limits on the number of offspring a single donor can produce. The data are drawn from on-line surveys which were made available between May 12, 2104 and August 15, 2014 to gamete donors, donor-conceived offspring, and parents who used donated gametes to conceive. A total of 325 donors (176 egg donors; 149 sperm donors) responded to the survey as did 2134 parents and 419 offspring. The data show that offspring are more opposed to donor anonymity than are parents and donors. Among offspring opposition to anonymity grows as they age. On the other hand, parents are most in favor of limits on numbers of offspring produced by a single donor. Parents worry about health and accidental contact between people conceived from the same donor.

Visualizing harm reduction: Methodological and ethical considerations

The use of visual methods is becoming increasingly common and accepted in health research. This paper explores the opportunities and constraints of using photo-based methods in the context of a community-based participatory research study on how to engage people living with HIV in conversations about a hospital's recently introduced harm reduction policy. Using a blended approach of photovoice and photo-elicited interviews, we provided participants (n = 16) with cameras and asked them to take a series of photos that “show how you feel about or have experienced harm reduction as a Casey House client.” We reflect on methodological insights from the study to think through the process of doing photo-based work on a stigmatized topic in a small hospital setting by foregrounding: 1) how the act of taking photos assisted participants in visualizing connections between space, harm reduction, and substance use; 2) expectations of participation and navigating daily health realities; and 3) issues of confidentiality, anonymity and stigma in clinical settings. These reflections provide a case study on the importance of critically examining the process of engaging with photo-based methods. We conclude the paper by re-thinking issues of context and photo-based methods. Rather than viewing context as a neutral backdrop to apply a method, context should be viewed as an active force in shaping what can or cannot be done or produced within the space. Photo-based methods may offer an effective community-engagement strategy but may require modification for use in a clinical setting when working on a stigmatized topic with individuals with complex health care needs. Given the potential of visual methods as a community engagement strategy, research teams are advised to understand the entire process as a data collection opportunity so that these methods can be further explored in a variety of contexts.

The French bioethics public consultation and the anonymity doctrine: empirical ethics and normative assumptions.

The French bioethics laws of 1994 contain the principles of the anonymity and non commodification of all donations of body parts and products including gametes in medically assisted reproduction. The two revisions of the law, in 2004 and 2011 have upheld the rule. In view of the latest revision process, the French government organized a large public consultation in 2009 ("Etats généraux de la bioéthique"). Within the event a "consensus conference" was held in Rennes about different aspects of assisted reproduction (access, anonymity, gratuity and surrogacy). In what follows we shall first describe the anonymity clause for gamete donations in the French law and the debates surrounding it. We shall then analyse the procedure used for the 2009 public consultation and the related consensus conference, as well as its upshot concerning the anonymity doctrine. In this respect we shall compare the citizens' own recommendations on the gamete anonymity issue and its translation in the consultation's final report drafted by a philosopher mandated by the organizing committee. Whereas the final report cited some fundamental ethical arguments as reason for upholding the provisions of the law-most notably the refusal of the 'all biological' approach to reproductive issues-citizens were more careful and tentative in their position although they also concluded that for pragmatic reasons the anonymity rule should continue to hold. We shall argue that the conservative upshot of the public consultation is due to some main underlying presuppositions concerning the citizens' role and expertise as well as to the specific design of the consensus conference. Our conclusion will be that public consultations and consensus conferences can only serve as an empirical support for devising suitable bioethics norms by using second-order normative assumptions.

Awareness of Open Access Issues Differs among Faculty at Institutions of Different Sizes

A Review of:
 Kocken, G. J. & Wical, S. H. (2013). “I’ve never heard of it before”: Awareness of open access at a small liberal arts university. Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 32(3), 140-154. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1080/01639269.2013.817876 
 
 Abstract
 
 Objective – This study surveyed faculty awareness of open access (OA) issues and the institutional repository (IR) at the University of Wisconsin. The authors hoped to use findings to inform future IR marketing strategies to faculty.
 
 Design – Survey.
 
 Setting – University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, a small, regional public university (approximately 10,000 students).
 
 Subjects – 105 faculty members.
 
 Methods – The authors contacted 397 faculty members inviting them to participate in an 11 question online survey. Due to anonymity issues on a small campus, respondents were not asked about rank and discipline, and were asked to not provide identifying information. A definition of OA was not provided by the authors, as survey participants were queried about their own definition.
 
 Main Results – Approximately 30% of the faculty were aware of OA issues. Of all the definitions of OA given by survey respondents, “none . . . came close” to the definition favoured by the authors (p. 145). More than 30% of the faculty were unable to define OA at a level deemed basic by the authors. 
 
 A total of 51 (48.57%) of the survey respondents indicated that there are OA journals in their disciplines. Another 6 (5.71%) of the faculty members claimed that there are no OA journals in their disciplines, although most provided a definition of OA and several considered OA publishing to be “very important.”
 
 The remaining 48 participants (46%) were unsure if there are OA journals in their disciplines. Of these survey respondents, 38 answered that they have not published in an OA journal, 10 were unsure, and 21 believed that their field benefits or would benefit from OA journals.
 
 Survey respondents cited quality of the journal, prestige, and peer review as extremely important in selecting a journal in which to publish.
 
 Conclusion – The authors conclude that the level of awareness related to OA issues must be raised before IRs can flourish. They ponder how university and college administrators regard OA publishing, and the influence this has on the tenure and promotion process.

Bitcoin: The Wrong Implementation of the Right Idea at the Right Time

This paper is a study into some of the regulatory implications of cryptocurrencies using the CAMPO research framework (Context, Actors, Methods, Methods, Practice, Outcomes). We explain in CAMPO format why virtual currencies are of interest, how self-regulation has failed, and what useful lessons can be learned. We are hopeful that the full paper will produce useful and semi-permanent findings into the usefulness of virtual currencies in general, block chains as a means of mining currency, and the profundity of current ‘media darling’ currency Bitcoin as compared with the development of block chain generator Ethereum. While virtual currencies can play a role in creating better trading conditions in virtual communities, despite the risks of non-sovereign issuance and therefore only regulation by code (Brown/Marsden 2013), the methodology used poses significant challenges to researching this ‘community’, if BitCoin can even be said to have created a single community, as opposed to enabling an alternate method of exchange for potentially all virtual community transactions. First, BitCoin users have transparency of ownership but anonymity in many transactions, necessary for libertarians or outright criminals in such illicit markets as #SilkRoad. Studying community dynamics is therefore made much more difficult than even such pseudonymous or avatar based communities as Habbo Hotel, World of Warcraft or SecondLife. The ethical implications of studying such communities raise similar problems as those of Tor, Anonymous, Lulzsec and other anonymous hacker communities. Second, the journalistic accounts of BitCoin markets are subject to sensationalism, hype and inaccuracy, even more so than in the earlier hype cycle for SecondLife, exacerbated by the first issue of anonymity. Third, the virtual currency area is subject to slowly emerging regulation by financial authorities and police forces, which appears to be driving much of the early adopter community ‘underground’. Thus, the community in 2016 may not bear much resemblance to that in 2012. Fourth, there has been relatively little academic empirical study of the community, or indeed of virtual currencies in general, until relatively recently. Fifth, the dynamism of the virtual currency environment in the face of the deepening mistrust of the financial system after the 2008 crisis is such that any research conclusions must by their nature be provisional and transient. All these challenges, particularly the final three, also raise the motivation for research – an alternative financial system which is separated from the real-world sovereign and which can use code regulation with limited enforcement from offline policing, both returns the study to the libertarian self-regulated environment of early 1990s MUDs, and offers a tantalising prospect of a tool to evade the perils of ‘private profit, socialized risk’ which existing large financial institutions created in the 2008-12 disaster. The need for further research into virtual currencies based on blockchain mining, and for their usage by virtual communities, is thus pressing and should motivate researchers to solve the many problems in methodology for exploring such an environment.

Doing close-relative research: sticking points, method and ethical considerations

Doing insider research can raise many problematic issues, particularly if the insiders are also close relatives. This paper deals with complexities arising from research which is participatory in nature. Thus, this paper seeks to describe the various sticking points that were encountered by the researcher when she decided to embark on insider research which focused on close relatives with a particular disability. These sticking points were encountered when the researcher had to decide about which methods of data collection should be used; when she had to see which criteria were to be taken into consideration when selecting participants; when dealing with issues of anonymity and informed consent; and when dealing with issues regarding representation and dissemination. Although such sticking points seemed to be insurmountable at times, by virtue of being aporetic, the researcher will discuss decisions taken in order to deal with these difficult situations while also keeping in mind ethical considerations.

Secrets from the GPU

In the current controversial context caused by the disclosure of classified details of several top-secret United States and British government mass surveillance programs to the press by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden, issues of data privacy, anonymity, unlinkability, forward secrecy and deniability have raised to public prominence. In this work we investigate how an alternate usage of state-of-the-art yet ubiquitous computing platforms might help sovereign, citizen and general public recovery of control over privacy. These goals are notoriously difficult to achieve on the Internet today due to the insufficient public-key infrastructure at the user level. Our approach leverages modern multi-core processors and general-purpose computing on graphics processing units, both as a source of true random entropy pools and computational engines for very fast elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Such autonomous, high-frequency Diffie–Hellman-ready agents reside in a breadth of devices ranging from smartphones and tablets, to laptops and high-end servers in datacenters. In contrast to the current circumstance, this suggested infrastructure enables generalized symmetric exchanges with the Vernam cipher without compromising ease-of-use nor requiring revolutionary changes in today’s well-grounded ECC theory.

Adjustment-Alcohol Abuse, an Empirical Study on Kenyan Students

This study was carried out to investigate adjustment patterns among alcoholic and non-alcoholic Kenyan students in Hyderabad. Adjustment here is defined as, ''The variations and changes in behavior that are necessary to satisfy needs and meet demands so that one can establish a harmonious relationship with the environment''. It was limited to a sample of 42 Kenyan students admitted under Osmania University in Hyderabad, India. A standardized, reliable and valid Global adjustment scale was used to obtain data. The inventory measures broad areas of adjustment such as Family relationship, Health, Social environment, Emotions, Occupation and Sex related behavior. The objectives of the study were to determine whether alcohol use has an effect on one's personal adjustment and to find out levels of adjustment among alcohol users and none users. The researcher used an ex-post facto design in quantitative research approach. He used purposeful sampling technique to obtain the informants. Data collected was presented and analyzed in tables. It was found out that there is no significant difference in the adjustment levels among alcoholic and non-alcoholic Kenyan students across all dimensions of adjustment. Thus attributing alcohol abuse to issues of anonymity, the influence of like-mindedness among friends, peers and the different general environmental systems which do not provide psycho-social support and concern for the missing home environment and significant others, hence

‘The project cannot be approved in its current form’: feminist visual research meets the human research ethics committee

This article reflects on a university human research ethics committee’s unease regarding a feminist visual pilot study within the field of education. The small exploratory study proposed to explore a migrant mother’s production of her son’s identity through her family photograph collection. The committee requested substantial changes to the research design which centred primarily on their concerns regarding risk of harm to pre-existing relationships, and also issues of anonymity and consent. I consider the combined liberal individualist, utilitarian and positivist biomedical basis for the ethics committee’s discomfort with the proposed research which was to involve members of my family. I draw on my experience of the review process to critique the human research ethics committee paradigm which constructs the ideal researcher as an objective and disinterested observer, hinges on a weighing of risks and benefits, and considers humans to be independent and equal. I demonstrate how the blanket application of these values acts to problematise some kinds of research, and how these values can be inappropriate, incompatible and even destructive when applied to research proposals that are exploratory, visual, and/or involve the researcher’s family members as participants.